Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Hill City District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA

Oldest recorded age at locality: 1700
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1700

mindat Locality ID: 24120
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-24120.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Hill City District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA": 79
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 77

Number of Child Localities: 77
Child Localities:
Addie Mine (El Dorado Mine; Dolcode Mine)
Annie No. 1 Lode (Tin Spike)
Antler - Burlington Mine (Central Black Hills Gold Mine)
Black Bird Occurrence
Black Crystal Property (Giras Claim; Gireau's Claim; P J McGowans Lode)
Black Metal Group
Blue Bird Claim
Buckeye & Lena Group (Union Hill Group; Gopher Group)
Burlington Lode
Butte Group (Truax Group)
Campaign Mine (Campaign No. 1 And No. 4)
Canfield Lode Occurrence (High Lode)
Carnbray Tin Prospect (Snow Shoe; Tin Belle)
Cassiterite Tin Prospect
Champion Property Pennington And Smith
Clara Belle (Forest City; Golden Arrow)
Coats Mine (Coats Dike Mine; Cowboy Group)
Cowboy Tin Mine
Crain Mine (Burlington Group)
Cumberland Mine (J. R. Group)
Da Prospect
Dewey Mine
Dyke Claim (Dike Lode)
El Dorado (Gold Dust; Midway Fraction)
Elkhorn Tin Mine (Black Hills Tungsten Mining & Milling Property; Heart Of The Black Hills Property)
Excelsior Lode
February Group
First Find Claim
General Harney (Golden Slipper Tin; Tin Boom No. 1 And No. 2; Tin Spike No. 1)
Gertie Mine
Gold Hill Group (Gold Lode; Gold Mountain Mine)
Gold Medal Group (Golden Summit Group)
Golden Slipper Gold And Silver (Forest City Mine; Empire Gold Mine)
Good Luck; Success; Cleveland Claims (American Tungsten Mining Company)
Greenback Group
Grizzly Bear Gulch
Hay Draw Occurrence
Hidden Treasure
Hill City
Ida Occurrence (Ida Tin)
J. O. Bates Claim (Custer Group Spar; Top Sheaf; Jackson Lodes)
J. R. Extension (Aberdeen Gold Mining & Milling Company)
Joe Dollar Mine (Halcyon Mine)
Jolly Group
Liberty Bell Occurrence (Tin Center)
Martha Washington Occurrence (C. H. Kammon)
Mateen Mine (Mattine Mine; Century Lode Claim)
McKinnon And Miller's Claim
Michigan Placer Ground
Mill's Brothers Claim
Mohawk Mine
Monkey Lode
Naiad Queen Lode Occurrence
OK Lode Gold & Silver
Olympia Tin Prospect
Pettit And Pfander's Claim
Pine Creek
Reinbold Claim (Tungsten No. 1-3 Claims)
Rundle; Mills And Casler Claim
Sally Cavanaugh Occurrence
Sheridan
Sunday Gulch
Sunnyside Group
Tea And Dolcode (Dolcoad Or Dol Coad; Polcode Groups)
Tin Chance And Tin Chance No. 1 Occurrence
Tin King Group (Tin City Group)
Tin Plate Group
Tin Queen Mine (White Blowout Mine)
Tungsten Lode
Unknown Tungsten Occurrence (MRDS - 10299360)
Unnamed Pegmatite
Vida May Occurrence (Pettit And Nash)
White Swan (Hayes' Claim)
White Whale Group (Colossal; La Grande; White Whale No. 1; Mewanitoc)
Wolfram Lode Occurrence
Wood Chuck Prospect
Woodchuck Mine

Latitude: 43°55'34"N
Longitude: 103°33'41"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 43.926111111111,-103.56138888889
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Be Bi C Ca Cu F Fe H K Li Mg Mn Na O P Pb S Si Sn Sr Ti W 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al Ca O Si 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAndalusiteApatiteArsenicArseniosideriteArsenopyriteBaryteBerylChalcanthiteChalcopyrite
ClayColumbiteCopperCorundumFeldsparGarnetHureauliteMalachiteMicaNickeline
NoneNot in a structural groupOlivinePyritePyroxeneQuartzRockbridgeiteRocksaltRutileScheelite
TourmalineVivianite

46 IMA Minerals at location:
Albite  (*)Amblygonite  (*)Andalusite  (*)Ankerite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)
Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)Beryl  (*)Bismuth  (*)Cassiterite  (*)
Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Copper  (*)Cuprite  (*)
Ferberite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)Frondelite  (*)Galena  (*)Gold  (*)
Graphite  (*)Grossular  (*)Hematite  (*)Heterosite  (*)Hübnerite  (*)
Hureaulite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Lithiophilite  (*)Malachite  (*)Microcline  (*)
Mitridatite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)
Rockbridgeite  (*)Scheelite  (*)Schorl  (*)Sicklerite  (*)Silver  (*)
Spodumene  (*)Tenorite  (*)Tin  (*)Todorokite  (*)Triphylite  (*)
Vivianite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)170017008265964,265987,265988,265998,266005,266010,266018,2660288803
Amblygonite  (*)NoneLiAl(PO4)F170017002266005,266028244
Andalusite  (*)AndalusiteAl2SiO51700170001310
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2170017002265989,2659913092
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS1700170012659899052
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2170017002266020,2660215509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)17001700126601611547
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O18170017007265972,265976,265987,266009,266010,266025,2660284286
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi1700170012659601966
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO21700170031265959,265960,265964,265965,265968,265969,265971,265972,265973,265974,265975,265976,265984,265985,265986,265987,265988,265991,265998,266002,266003,266005,266009,266011,266013,266018,266025,266026,266027,266028,2660345171
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O170017001266021925
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2170017003265998,266020,26602127198
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O1700170012660203531
Copper  (*)CopperCu170017002266020,2660213846
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O170017002266020,2660212970
Ferberite  (*)ColumbiteFe2+(WO4)170017002265992,266031551
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F1700170012660282740
Frondelite  (*)Rockbridgeite(Mn2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)517001700126602852
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS17001700126598924243
Gold  (*)CopperAu1700170017265961,265974,265977,265978,265982,265989,265990,265991,265993,265994,266000,266001,266012,266020,266023,266024,26603730554
Graphite  (*)NoneC170017009265960,265964,265975,265981,265983,265992,266017,266032,2660352812
Grossular  (*)GarnetCa3Al2(SiO4)31700170001544
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3170017003265960,265964,26599214640
Heterosite  (*)OlivineFe3+(PO4)170017001266028204
Hübnerite  (*)ColumbiteMn2+(WO4)170017002265992,266016469
Hureaulite  (*)HureauliteMn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2·4H2O170017001266028125
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O31700170012660285433
Lithiophilite  (*)OlivineLiMn2+(PO4)170017001266028155
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2170017002266020,26602112537
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)170017003265965,266005,2660284924
Mitridatite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O170017001266028129
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)21700170028265960,265964,265965,265970,265972,265974,265976,265981,265984,265987,265988,265992,265998,266004,266005,266006,266007,266009,266010,266013,266016,266018,266025,266028,266029,266032,266033,26603517380
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2170017004265964,265989,266020,26602139462
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S8170017002266020,2660219056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO21700170045265960,265962,265963,265964,265965,265966,265967,265969,265970,265972,265973,265974,265975,265976,265977,265980,265981,265983,265984,265987,265988,265990,265991,265992,265998,266000,266004,266005,266006,266007,266008,266009,266010,266013,266014,266016,266017,266018,266023,266025,266028,266029,266032,266033,26603561156
Rockbridgeite  (*)Rockbridgeite(Fe2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5170017001266028206
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)170017007265964,265975,265992,266014,266015,266016,2660224894
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)1700170012660282705
Sicklerite  (*)OlivineLiMn2+(PO4)17001700126602866
Silver  (*)CopperAg1700170019265961,265966,265967,265974,265977,265978,265982,265989,265990,265991,265993,265994,266000,266001,266012,266020,266023,266024,2660375186
Spodumene  (*)PyroxeneLiAlSi2O6170017003265980,265998,266005688
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO170017002266020,2660211101
Tin  (*)NoneSn17001700126598263
Todorokite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O170017001266028433
Triphylite  (*)OlivineLiFe2+(PO4)170017001266028313
Vivianite  (*)VivianiteFe2+3(PO4)2·8H2O170017001266028636


1 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Alexandra-0372170017001700 Age of pegmatite   Yes Li, Be, Sn, Cs, Ta, Nb, U122418Black Elk Peak (Harney Peak), Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAHarney PeakNorton and Redden (1990)10.2138/am.2008.2633AM75_631 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...

Other copyright data...