Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2400
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1374.9

mindat Locality ID: 17377
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-17377.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA": 335
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 303

Number of Child Localities: 66
Child Localities:
Advance Claim
Badlands
Battle Creek
Bear Creek Basin
Bird Group (Bird; Peacock; Crow And Little Giant Lodes)
Black Elk Peak (Harney Peak)
Black Hills Silica Sand Company Mine (MRDS - 10226574)
Black Hills Silica Sand Company Mine (MRDS - 10274721)
Black Hills Silica Sand Company Mine (MRDS - 10299000)
Blue Ox Mine
Box Elder Creek
Castle Creek
Creston
Custer County Line
Dakota Lime & Brick Company Quarry
Dark Canyon
Dillon Pass
Edna Hazel
Everist Limestone Quarry
Flora
Gillette Canyon Ice Cave
Gyp Pit (MRDS - 10299374)
Harney City
Hart Table Prospect
Hat Mountain Iron Mine
Haydite Pit
Hayward
High-Land Spar Mine
Hill City District
Hopeful Occurrence (Goodhope Nos. 1 & 2; Samelias)
Imlay
Indian Creek
Iron Creek Bridge
Iron Mountain
J. R. Mine MS 1160
Keystone District
Keystone Gold District
Keystone Tunnel
Lange Gypsum Quarry
Light Aggregates Inc Shale Pit
McGees Station
Mystic
Mystic District
Oreville District
Owanka
Pactola District
Perli Quarry
Pete Lien Quarry
Rapid City
Rapid City Limestone Quarry
Rapid Creek
Redfern District
Rochford District
Rockerville
Scenic
Sheep Mountain Table
Sheridan Lake
Silver City District
Spring Creek
Spring Creek Branch
State Shale Pit
Summit Peak
Sunflower Battle Axe MS 1926 Occurrence
Unorganized District
Upper Spring Creek Quarry
Wealthy Mine

Latitude: 43°56'36"N
Longitude: 103°19'33"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 43.943333333333,-103.32583333333
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Be Bi C Ca Cd Ce Cl Cu F Fe H Hg K Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Sr Ta Ti U V W Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ca Hg O S 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAlluauditeAluniteAmarantiteAmorphousAmphiboleAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArrojadite
ArsenicArseniosideriteArsenoliteArsenopyriteArthuriteAutuniteBaryteBerauniteBerylBismutite
BjarebyiteCalcioferriteCalciteChalcanthiteChalcopyriteChildreniteChloriteChloritoidClayClinozoisite
ColumbiteCopiapiteCopperCorundumCovelliteDiasporeDufréniteEpidoteEpsomiteFairfieldite
FeldsparFluoriteFritzscheiteGarnetGraftoniteGypsumHalotrichiteHopeiteHureauliteJahnsite
KaoliniteLöllingiteLaueiteLazuliteLeucophosphiteMalachiteMarcasiteMelanteriteMeneghiniteMeta-autunite
MicaMolybdeniteMonaziteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupOlivinePerovskitePharmacosideritePhenakite
PhosphophyllitePhosphosideritePhosphuranylitePyritePyrochlorePyroxeneQuartzReddingiteRockbridgeiteRocksalt
RutileScheeliteSchoepiteSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelStanniteStauroliteStewartiteStibnite
StilpnomelaneStrunziteSulphurSymplesiteTalcTetrahedriteTitaniteTopazTourmalineTridymite
TripliteVivianiteWagneriteWarditeWurtziteZinkeniteZircon

224 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Albite  (*)Alluaudite  (*)Almandine  (*)Amarantite  (*)
Amblygonite  (*)Andalusite  (*)Anhydrite  (*)Ankerite  (*)Anorthite  (*)
Aragonite  (*)Arrojadite-(KFe)  (*)Arsenolite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Augelite  (*)
Autunite  (*)Azurite  (*)Barbosalite  (*)Baryte  (*)Becquerelite  (*)
Beraunite  (*)Bermanite  (*)Bertrandite  (*)Beryl  (*)Bindheimite  (*)
Bismite  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bismuthinite  (*)Bismutite  (*)Boulangerite  (*)
Brazilianite  (*)Cacoxenite  (*)Calcite  (*)Carnotite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)
Černýite  (*)Cerussite  (*)Cervantite  (*)Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)
Chalcopyrite  (*)Childrenite  (*)Chlorargyrite  (*)Chloritoid  (*)Chrysoberyl  (*)
Chrysocolla  (*)Cinnabar  (*)Clinochlore  (*)Columbite-(Fe)  (*)Copiapite  (*)
Copper  (*)Corundum  (*)Covellite  (*)Crandallite  (*)Cummingtonite  (*)
Cuprite  (*)Diadochite  (*)Dickinsonite-(KMnNa)  (*)Diopside  (*)Dufrénite  (*)
Elbaite  (*)Eosphorite  (*)Epidote  (*)Epsomite  (*)Ernstite  (*)
Eucryptite  (*)Fairfieldite  (*)Ferberite  (*)Ferrimolybdite  (*)Ferrisicklerite  (*)
Ferrolaueite  (*)Fluellite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)Fourmarierite  (*)Frondelite  (*)
Galena  (*)Glaucophane  (*)Goethite  (*)Gold  (*)Goyazite  (*)
Graftonite  (*)Graphite  (*)Greenockite  (*)Griphite  (*)Grossular  (*)
Grunerite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Halotrichite  (*)Hedenbergite  (*)Hematite  (*)
Hemimorphite  (*)Heterosite  (*)Holmquistite  (*)Hopeite  (*)Hübnerite  (*)
Hureaulite  (*)Hydroxylapatite  (*)Ice  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Ilsemannite  (*)
Iriginite  (*)Jahnsite-(CaMnMg)  (*)Jamesonite  (*)Jarosite  (*)Johnwalkite  (*)
Kalinite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Kasolite  (*)Kësterite  (*)Kidwellite  (*)
Kryzhanovskite  (*)Laueite  (*)Lazulite  (*)Leucophosphite  (*)Libethenite  (*)
Lithiophilite  (*)Löllingite  (*)Ludlamite  (*)Maghagendorfite  (*)Magnesite  (*)
Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Melanterite  (*)Meneghinite  (*)
Messelite  (*)Meta-autunite  (*)Metatorbernite  (*)Metatyuyamunite  (*)Metauranocircite-I  (*)
Metavivianite  (*)Microcline  (*)Mitridatite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)Monazite-(Ce)  (*)
Montebrasite  (*)Montgomeryite  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)Morinite  (*)Muscovite  (*)
Mushistonite  (*)Natrojarosite  (*)Olivenite  (*)Olmsteadite  (*)Opal  (*)
Orthoclase  (*)Parasymplesite  (*)Uranophane-β  (*)Pennantite  (*)Perloffite  (*)
Petalite  (*)Pharmacosiderite  (*)Phlogopite  (*)Phosphoferrite  (*)Phosphophyllite  (*)
Phosphosiderite  (*)Phosphuranylite  (*)Pickeringite  (*)Pseudomalachite  (*)Purpurite  (*)
Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Reddingite  (*)
Rhodochrosite  (*)Robertsite  (*)Rockbridgeite  (*)Rutile  (*)Scheelite  (*)
Schorl  (*)Scorodite  (*)Scorzalite  (*)Semseyite  (*)Senarmontite  (*)
Sicklerite  (*)Siderite  (*)Arrojadite-(BaFe)  (*)Sillimanite  (*)Silver  (*)
Sinkankasite  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Spessartine  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Spinel  (*)
Spodumene  (*)Stannite  (*)Staurolite  (*)Stewartite  (*)Stibiconite  (*)
Stilpnomelane  (*)Strengite  (*)Strunzite  (*)Sulphur  (*)Svanbergite  (*)
Talc  (*)Tavorite  (*)Tenorite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Tin  (*)
Titanite  (*)Todorokite  (*)Topaz  (*)Torbernite  (*)Tremolite  (*)
Triphylite  (*)Triplite  (*)Triploidite  (*)Uraninite  (*)Uranocircite-II  (*)
Uranophane-α  (*)Vandendriesscheite  (*)Varlamoffite  (*)Vivianite  (*)Wardite  (*)
Whitmoreite  (*)Wodginite  (*)Wolfeite  (*)Wyllieite  (*)Xanthoxenite  (*)
Zeunerite  (*)Zinkenite  (*)Zircon  (*)Zoisite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2170017004266078,266189,266192,2662253419
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)1783.51374.936265944,265947,265964,265987,265988,265998,266005,266010,266018,266028,266046,266051,266052,266056,266057,266059,266061,266063,266068,266069,266070,266071,266072,266073,266074,266075,266077,266078,266079,266080,266082,266083,266085,266134,266227,2662348803
Alluaudite  (*)Alluaudite   NaMnFe3+2(PO4)3170016402266056,26607594
Almandine  (*)GarnetFe2+3Al2(SiO4)31783.51374.911266064,266069,266075,266078,266097,266100,266111,266120,266138,266139,2661912353
Amarantite  (*)AmarantiteFe3+2O(SO4)2·7H2O126595322
Amblygonite  (*)NoneLiAl(PO4)F1700164016265947,265956,266005,266028,266046,266059,266061,266072,266074,266075,266077,266078,266080,266082,266096,266135244
Andalusite  (*)AndalusiteAl2SiO51700164010265932,265945,265946,265955,265958,266075,266080,266138,266227,2662321310
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)1725169501588
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2170017007265989,265991,266100,266104,266107,266114,2661883092
Anorthite  (*)FeldsparCa(Al2Si2O8)1783.51374.912660461036
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)7265914,266127,266152,266154,266161,266189,2662103250
Arrojadite-(KFe)  (*)Arrojadite(KNa)Fe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2170016403266075,266079,26608350
Arsenolite  (*)ArsenoliteAs2O3164016401266075231
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS1700164024265944,265947,265989,266038,266056,266071,266075,266078,266079,266100,266102,266104,266111,266115,266118,266119,266161,266181,266210,266215,266216,266221,266222,2662279052
Augelite  (*)NoneAl2(PO4)(OH)31783.51374.93266069,266075,26607879
Autunite  (*)AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O1783.51374.97265944,266056,266068,266069,266071,266075,2660801272
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2170016407266020,266021,266075,266080,266083,266145,2661645509
Barbosalite  (*)LazuliteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)217001700126606843
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)170017009265927,265948,266016,266056,266140,266151,266197,266198,26620011547
Becquerelite  (*)NoneCa(UO2)6O4(OH)6·8H2O1783.51374.9126606992
Beraunite  (*)BerauniteFe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4·6H2O170017004266056,266063,266068,266083136
Bermanite  (*)ArthuriteMn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O170017002266056,26606355
Bertrandite  (*)Not in a structural groupBe4Si2O7(OH)2170017002266071,266083606
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O181783.51374.947265926,265947,265956,265972,265976,265987,266009,266010,266025,266028,266041,266048,266049,266051,266053,266056,266057,266058,266059,266061,266062,266063,266068,266069,266070,266071,266072,266073,266074,266075,266077,266078,266079,266080,266082,266083,266084,266085,266086,266088,266089,266090,266091,266092,266096,266135,2662394286
Bindheimite  (*)PyrochlorePb2Sb5+2O75266211,266212,266216,266217,266219450
Bismite  (*)NoneBi2O31266105214
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi1783.51374.95265958,265960,266069,266075,2661051966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S312661051935
Bismutite  (*)BismutiteBi2O2(CO3)1265951716
Boulangerite  (*)NonePb5Sb4S118266210,266211,266212,266215,266216,266217,266219,266222843
Brazilianite  (*)Not in a structural groupNaAl3(PO4)2(OH)417001700126607159
Cacoxenite  (*)NoneFe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12·75H2O164016401266075280
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)1700170013265914,265927,265934,265954,266039,266074,266114,266140,266152,266154,266193,266207,26622527770
Carnotite  (*)NoneK2(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O2266201,2662041184
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO21783.51374.951265947,265958,265959,265960,265964,265965,265968,265969,265971,265972,265973,265974,265975,265976,265984,265985,265986,265987,265988,265991,265998,266002,266003,266005,266009,266011,266013,266018,266025,266026,266027,266028,266034,266038,266058,266061,266062,266068,266069,266075,266077,266078,266079,266080,266083,266088,266132,266134,266135,266241,2662455171
Černýite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2CdSnS4170017002266078,2660808
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)1640164012660754979
Cervantite  (*)NoneSb3+Sb5+O41266211352
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O170017002265941,266021925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S1640164012660755707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS21700164019265998,266020,266021,266056,266075,266080,266100,266102,266104,266107,266114,266161,266164,266186,266210,266211,266215,266222,26623827198
Childrenite  (*)ChildreniteFe2+Al(PO4)(OH)2·H2O170017005266056,266070,266078,266083,26623493
Chlorargyrite  (*)RocksaltAgCl12662101382
Chloritoid  (*)ChloritoidFe2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)21266227376
Chrysoberyl  (*)OlivineBeAl2O4170017001266080321
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O170016402266020,2660753531
Cinnabar  (*)NoneHgS1725169502600
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8170017002266080,2662271756
Columbite-(Fe)  (*)ColumbiteFe2+Nb2O61783.51374.93266069,266075,266083518
Copiapite  (*)CopiapiteFe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O1266211382
Copper  (*)CopperCu170017005265951,266020,266021,266143,2662353846
Corundum  (*)CorundumAl2O31640164012660751797
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS2266210,2662224165
Crandallite  (*)AluniteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6170017002265944,266078310
Cummingtonite  (*)Amphibole   Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)29266104,266161,266165,266177,266178,266181,266186,266188,266189327
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O170017003266020,266021,2660922970
Diadochite  (*)AmorphousFe3+2(PO4)(SO4)(OH)·6H2O170017002266056,26611681
Dickinsonite-(KMnNa)  (*)ArrojaditeK(NaMn)CaNa3AlMn13(PO4)12(OH)2126607926
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O6170016404266075,266078,266103,2661084135
Dufrénite  (*)DufréniteCa0.5Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O170016402266075,266078139
Elbaite  (*)TourmalineNa(Al1.5Li1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)1783.51374.93265947,266069,266075520
Eosphorite  (*)ChildreniteMn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2·H2O170017001266078128
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)170016404265914,266074,266075,2660788173
Epsomite  (*)EpsomiteMg(SO4)·7H2O1266118484
Ernstite  (*)Childrenite(Mn2+,Fe3+)Al(PO4)(OH,O)21700170012660837
Eucryptite  (*)PhenakiteLiAlSiO416401640126607529
Fairfieldite  (*)FairfielditeCa2Mn2+(PO4)2·2H2O1783.51374.92266069,26607172
Ferberite  (*)ColumbiteFe2+(WO4)170017002265992,266031551
Ferrimolybdite  (*)NoneFe3+2(Mo6+O4)3·7H2O2266201,266202345
Ferrisicklerite  (*)OlivineLi1-x(Fe3+,Mn2+)(PO4)170016404266056,266063,266075,266080108
Ferrolaueite  (*)LaueiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O1700170012660835
Fluellite  (*)NoneAl2(PO4)F2(OH)·7H2O17001700126606840
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F1783.51374.916265947,266028,266049,266056,266063,266068,266069,266071,266074,266075,266077,266078,266080,266083,266200,2662342740
Fourmarierite  (*)SchoepitePb1-xO3-2x(UO2)4(OH)4+2x·4H2O1783.51374.9126606961
Frondelite  (*)Rockbridgeite(Mn2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5170016402266028,26607552
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS1700164012265951,265956,265989,266056,266075,266092,266143,266210,266213,266214,266221,26622224243
Glaucophane  (*)Amphibole   Na2(Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2170017001266074286
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)1700164010266042,266068,266070,266071,266075,266077,266080,266150,266180,2661827437
Gold  (*)CopperAu1700164070265917,265919,265929,265961,265974,265977,265978,265982,265989,265990,265991,265993,265994,266000,266001,266012,266020,266023,266024,266037,266047,266065,266066,266075,266097,266100,266102,266104,266106,266107,266109,266110,266111,266112,266114,266115,266116,266117,266118,266128,266129,266130,266143,266158,266160,266161,266162,266164,266165,266167,266169,266172,266174,266177,266183,266185,266189,266190,266194,266211,266217,266219,266221,266224,266230,266231,266235,266236,266240,26624330554
Goyazite  (*)AluniteSrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6170017003266056,266080,266083173
Graftonite  (*)GraftoniteFe2+Fe2+2(PO4)21266079107
Graphite  (*)NoneC1700164024265958,265960,265964,265975,265981,265983,265992,266017,266032,266035,266057,266061,266068,266075,266100,266104,266105,266114,266138,266164,266168,266170,266176,2661892812
Greenockite  (*)WurtziteCdS1783.51374.92266056,266069717
Griphite  (*)NoneCa(Mn2+,Na,Li)6Fe2+Al2(PO4)6(F,OH)2170016403265944,266075,2660828
Grossular  (*)GarnetCa3Al2(SiO4)3170016403265958,266046,2660751544
Grunerite  (*)Amphibole   Fe2+2Fe2+5Si8O22(OH)2170017001266074223
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O170017006265931,265935,266039,266056,266149,2661546890
Halotrichite  (*)HalotrichiteFe2+Al2(SO4)4·22H2O1266126409
Hedenbergite  (*)PyroxeneCaFe2+Si2O61266103741
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3170017008265949,265952,265960,265964,265992,266042,266153,26615714640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O12659561689
Heterosite  (*)OlivineFe3+(PO4)1783.51374.915266028,266051,266056,266059,266063,266068,266069,266074,266075,266078,266080,266088,266096,266134,266234204
Holmquistite  (*)Amphibole   Li2(Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)217001700126607442
Hopeite  (*)HopeiteZn3(PO4)2·4H2O17001700126605629
Hübnerite  (*)ColumbiteMn2+(WO4)170016404265992,266016,266075,266212469
Hureaulite  (*)HureauliteMn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2·4H2O170016407266028,266056,266059,266063,266068,266075,266083125
Hydroxylapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3OH1783.51374.94266056,266069,266080,266234367
Ice  (*)Amorphous TridymiteH2O126593959
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O31783.51374.98265946,266028,266055,266069,266074,266075,266124,2662275433
Ilsemannite  (*)NoneMo3O8·nH2O (?)1266040123
Iriginite  (*)None(UO2)Mo6+2O7·3H2O126620015
Jahnsite-(CaMnMg)  (*)JahnsiteCaMn2+Mg2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O170016402266056,26607514
Jamesonite  (*)NonePb4FeSb6S148266210,266211,266212,266215,266216,266217,266219,266222784
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)62266175,2662022228
Johnwalkite  (*)NoneK(Mn2+,Fe3+)2(Nb,Ta)O2(PO4)2·2(H2O,OH)12660701
Kalinite  (*)NoneKAl(SO4)2·11H2O126612654
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)41640164012660755591
Kasolite  (*)NonePb(UO2)(SiO4)·H2O1783.51374.91266069198
Kësterite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2ZnSnS4170016403266075,266078,26608082
Kidwellite  (*)NoneNaFe3+9+x(PO4)6(OH)11·3H2O (x ≈ 0.33)17001700126605653
Kryzhanovskite  (*)Reddingite(Fe3+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)317001700126605634
Laueite  (*)LaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O170016405266056,266063,266068,266075,26608370
Lazulite  (*)LazuliteMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2170016402266075,266083232
Leucophosphite  (*)LeucophosphiteKFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O170017003266056,266068,266234110
Libethenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(PO4)(OH)170016402266075,266080234
Lithiophilite  (*)OlivineLiMn2+(PO4)170016408266028,266056,266059,266074,266075,266080,266082,266134155
Löllingite  (*)LöllingiteFeAs21783.51374.99266051,266056,266059,266069,266071,266075,266078,266080,266083762
Ludlamite  (*)NoneFe2+3(PO4)2·4H2O170016407265947,266056,266063,266068,266071,266075,26608366
Maghagendorfite  (*)AlluauditeNa2MgFe2+Fe3+(PO4)31700170022660515
Magnesite  (*)CalciteMg(CO3)12661021487
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4170017005265914,266055,266077,266161,26622714899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2170016409266020,266021,266075,266080,266083,266092,266142,266145,26616412537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS2170017003266080,266181,2662425674
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O2265953,266211915
Meneghinite  (*)MeneghinitePb13CuSb7S241266210158
Messelite  (*)FairfielditeCa2Fe2+(PO4)2·2H2O170017004266056,266059,266071,26608343
Meta-autunite  (*)Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2·6H2O170017001266056388
Metatorbernite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(PO4)2·8H2O170017001266056443
Metatyuyamunite  (*)FritzscheiteCa(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O1266206129
Metauranocircite-I  (*)NoneBa(UO2)2(PO4)2·6H2O126620038
Metavivianite  (*)SymplesiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O17001700126605626
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)1783.51374.935265944,265947,265965,266005,266028,266041,266049,266051,266052,266053,266056,266057,266059,266061,266068,266069,266070,266071,266072,266073,266074,266075,266077,266078,266079,266080,266082,266083,266085,266089,266091,266092,266134,266234,2662394924
Mitridatite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O170016406266028,266056,266063,266075,266083,266234129
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS2170016404266068,266075,266079,2662015800
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)MonaziteCe(PO4)164016401266075945
Montebrasite  (*)NoneLiAl(PO4)(OH)1783.51374.94266069,266078,266080,266083200
Montgomeryite  (*)CalcioferriteCa4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O16401640126607544
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O170016402266075,2660781508
Morinite  (*)NoneNaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4·2H2O17001700126607822
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)21783.51603.568265944,265947,265958,265960,265964,265965,265970,265972,265974,265976,265981,265984,265987,265988,265992,265998,266004,266005,266006,266007,266009,266010,266013,266016,266018,266025,266028,266029,266032,266033,266035,266049,266051,266052,266053,266056,266057,266059,266061,266068,266069,266070,266071,266072,266073,266074,266075,266077,266078,266079,266080,266082,266083,266085,266089,266091,266100,266105,266111,266116,266138,266192,266210,266227,266232,266234,266239,26624617380
Mushistonite  (*)PerovskiteCu2+Sn4+(OH)6170016402266075,2660807
Natrojarosite  (*)AluniteNaFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6170017001266056254
Olivenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(AsO4)(OH)164016401266075492
Olmsteadite  (*)NoneKFe2+2NbO2(PO4)2·2H2O170017003266056,266063,2660833
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O170016406265947,266068,266075,266080,266196,2662032994
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)172516403265922,266075,2660782349
Parasymplesite  (*)VivianiteFe2+3(AsO4)2·8H2O170017001266056124
Uranophane-β  (*)NoneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·5H2O170017001266068144
Pennantite  (*)Chlorite ClayMn2+5Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)81783.51374.9126606725
Perloffite  (*)BjarebyiteBaMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)31700170012660567
Petalite  (*)Not in a structural groupLiAlSi4O10164016401266075124
Pharmacosiderite  (*)PharmacosideriteKFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·6-7H2O1783.51374.92266069,266078428
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)212662252273
Phosphoferrite  (*)ReddingiteFe2+3(PO4)2·3H2O170017002266056,26607131
Phosphophyllite  (*)PhosphophylliteZn2Fe2+(PO4)2·4H2O17001700126605629
Phosphosiderite  (*)PhosphosideriteFe3+(PO4)·2H2O170016404266056,266063,266075,266083182
Phosphuranylite  (*)PhosphuranyliteKCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4·8H2O170017001266068182
Pickeringite  (*)HalotrichiteMgAl2(SO4)4·22H2O3266104,266111,266115265
Pseudomalachite  (*)NoneCu5(PO4)2(OH)4170017001266080369
Purpurite  (*)OlivineMn3+(PO4)17001700126613480
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS21700164039265916,265958,265964,265989,266020,266021,266056,266057,266068,266071,266074,266075,266080,266092,266102,266110,266111,266112,266115,266116,266128,266142,266161,266164,266181,266186,266188,266210,266211,266212,266213,266214,266215,266216,266217,266218,266219,266222,26623839462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO2170017002265914,2660803106
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S81700170018266020,266021,266056,266080,266100,266102,266104,266107,266110,266114,266115,266161,266164,266178,266181,266186,266188,2662129056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO21783.51374.9133265915,265920,265930,265935,265936,265944,265946,265947,265960,265962,265963,265964,265965,265966,265967,265969,265970,265972,265973,265974,265975,265976,265977,265980,265981,265983,265984,265987,265988,265990,265991,265992,265998,266000,266004,266005,266006,266007,266008,266009,266010,266013,266014,266016,266017,266018,266023,266025,266028,266029,266032,266033,266035,266038,266039,266040,266044,266049,266050,266051,266052,266053,266056,266057,266059,266061,266066,266068,266069,266070,266071,266072,266073,266074,266075,266077,266078,266079,266080,266082,266083,266085,266088,266089,266091,266092,266100,266102,266103,266104,266105,266107,266110,266111,266112,266114,266115,266116,266118,266124,266128,266134,266138,266143,266161,266162,266163,266167,266177,266186,266189,266195,266196,266197,266198,266200,266204,266205,266206,266207,266209,266211,266213,266214,266215,266216,266219,266232,266234,266241,266243,266245,26624661156
Reddingite  (*)ReddingiteMn2+3(PO4)2·3H2O17001700126605624
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)1700170012660611711
Robertsite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Mn3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O17001700126605636
Rockbridgeite  (*)Rockbridgeite(Fe2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5170016405266028,266056,266059,266063,266075206
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO2170016404266057,266075,266080,2662465614
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)170016409265943,265964,265975,265992,266014,266015,266016,266022,2660754894
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)1783.51374.918265947,265958,266028,266051,266056,266057,266059,266068,266069,266071,266073,266074,266075,266078,266080,266082,266111,2661282705
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O170016404266056,266075,266078,2660801153
Scorzalite  (*)LazuliteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)217001700126608360
Semseyite  (*)NonePb9Sb8S211266210165
Senarmontite  (*)ArsenoliteSb2O31266222179
Sicklerite  (*)OlivineLiMn2+(PO4)1783.51374.98266028,266051,266059,266068,266069,266074,266078,26608066
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)1783.51374.919265914,265949,266049,266056,266059,266063,266069,266070,266071,266073,266075,266077,266080,266083,266102,266181,266189,266210,2662116417
Arrojadite-(BaFe)  (*)ArrojaditeBaFe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)21700170012660567
Sillimanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2SiO5170017009265932,265945,265946,266043,266044,266057,266078,266138,2662271516
Silver  (*)CopperAg1700170057265961,265966,265967,265974,265977,265978,265982,265989,265990,265991,265993,265994,266000,266001,266012,266020,266023,266024,266037,266047,266065,266097,266102,266106,266107,266109,266110,266111,266112,266114,266115,266116,266118,266129,266130,266143,266160,266164,266165,266169,266172,266177,266183,266185,266186,266189,266190,266211,266217,266219,266221,266230,266231,266235,266236,266240,2662435186
Sinkankasite  (*)NoneMn2+Al(PO3OH)2(OH)·6H2O1700170012660683
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)12659562473
Spessartine  (*)GarnetMn2+3Al2(SiO4)3170017002266056,2660731214
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS1783.51374.918265956,266046,266056,266068,266069,266071,266075,266079,266082,266083,266100,266102,266104,266107,266114,266210,266215,26621621482
Spinel  (*)SpinelMgAl2O41640164012660751934
Spodumene  (*)PyroxeneLiAlSi2O61783.51374.920265947,265956,265980,265998,266005,266051,266052,266059,266061,266068,266069,266070,266074,266075,266077,266078,266079,266080,266134,266245688
Stannite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2FeSnS4170016403266071,266075,266080668
Staurolite  (*)StauroliteFe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)1783.51374.99266057,266069,266078,266080,266082,266097,266111,266139,266191978
Stewartite  (*)StewartiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O170016403266056,266063,26607548
Stibiconite  (*)PyrochloreSb3+Sb5+2O6(OH)1266222446
Stilpnomelane  (*)Stilpnomelane Clay(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36·nH2O1266189456
Strengite  (*)NoneFe3+(PO4)·2H2O170016404266063,266068,266075,266234263
Strunzite  (*)StrunziteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O170016404266056,266063,266075,26608398
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS170017007265951,266056,266161,266202,266210,266211,2662222045
Svanbergite  (*)AluniteSrAl3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)6170017001266080105
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)212660963337
Tavorite  (*)NoneLiFe3+(PO4)(OH)170016402266063,26607535
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO170017003266020,266021,2660921101
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S131700170012660835317
Tin  (*)NoneSn17001700126598263
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O170016407265914,266055,266074,266075,266103,266108,2661244899
Todorokite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O170016402266028,266075433
Topaz  (*)TopazAl2SiO4F2170017002266051,2660611476
Torbernite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(PO4)2·12H2O170016405266056,266068,266071,266075,2660801059
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)212661922562
Triphylite  (*)OlivineLiFe2+(PO4)1783.51374.922266028,266046,266051,266056,266059,266063,266068,266069,266070,266071,266073,266074,266075,266077,266078,266079,266080,266083,266088,266096,266134,266234313
Triplite  (*)TripliteMn2+2(PO4)F170016404266056,266075,266078,266105233
Triploidite  (*)WagneriteMn2+2(PO4)(OH)17001700126608029
Uraninite  (*)FluoriteUO21783.51374.98266059,266068,266069,266071,266075,266078,266080,2660832718
Uranocircite-II  (*)NoneBa(UO2)2(PO4)2·10H2O126594889
Uranophane-α  (*)NoneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·5H2O1783.51374.93266068,266069,266080890
Vandendriesscheite  (*)NonePb1.6(UO2)10O6(OH)11·11H2O1783.51374.9126606952
Varlamoffite  (*)Rutile(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2170016402266075,26607856
Vivianite  (*)VivianiteFe2+3(PO4)2·8H2O1700164010265947,266028,266056,266059,266063,266068,266070,266075,266080,266083636
Wardite  (*)WarditeNaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4·2H2O17001700126607858
Whitmoreite  (*)ArthuriteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O170017002266056,26608336
Wodginite  (*)ColumbiteMn2+Sn4+Ta2O817001700126608078
Wolfeite  (*)WagneriteFe2+2(PO4)(OH)17001700126605643
Wyllieite  (*)NoneNaNaMn(Fe2+Al)(PO4)3126607917
Xanthoxenite  (*)NoneCa4Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·3H2O170016402266063,26607529
Zeunerite  (*)AutuniteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2·12H2O1266145185
Zinkenite  (*)ZinkenitePb9Sb22S421266222228
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)1783.51374.910265914,265922,265947,266056,266068,266069,266071,266075,266077,2660805251
Zoisite  (*)EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)170017006266055,266103,266108,266124,266163,2662091025


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Jen_0000007consists of a dome-shaped boxwork of sills and dikes with texture variable from fine-grained to pegmatitic, typically layered in texture and composition.
Jen_0000007aconsists of a dome-shaped boxwork of sills and dikes with texture variable from fine-grained to pegmatitic, typically layered in texture and composition.
Jen_0000007bconsists of a dome-shaped boxwork of sills and dikes with texture variable from fine-grained to pegmatitic, typically layered in texture and composition.
Jen_0000007cconsists of a dome-shaped boxwork of sills and dikes with texture variable from fine-grained to pegmatitic, typically layered in texture and composition.


18 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Alexandra-0372170017001700 Age of pegmatite     Li, Be, Sn, Cs, Ta, Nb, U122418Black Elk Peak (Harney Peak), Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAHarney PeakNorton and Redden (1990)10.2138/am.2008.2633AM75_631 
Jen_0000007172516951710±15Rb-Sr highwhole rock     122418Black Elk Peak (Harney Peak), Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAHarney PeakČerný (1991)10.1016/0301-9268(91)90111-MPR51_429 
Jen_0000007a171817121715±3U-Pb highzircon   Zircon  122418Black Elk Peak (Harney Peak), Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAHarney PeakČerný (1991)10.1016/0301-9268(91)90111-MPR51_429 
Jen_0000007b216020002080±80Rb-Sr       122418Black Elk Peak (Harney Peak), Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAHarney PeakČerný (1991)10.1016/0301-9268(91)90111-MPR51_429 
Jen_0000007c240020002200±200Sm-Nd       122418Black Elk Peak (Harney Peak), Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAHarney PeakČerný (1991)10.1016/0301-9268(91)90111-MPR51_429 
USGS-Rb-Sr-001891783.51603.51693.5±90Rb-Srage of intrusionmuscovite   Muscovite  8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-Rb-Sr USGS-Rb-Sr 
USGS-Rb-Sr-001901695.191535.191615.19±80Rb-Srage of intrusionlepidolite     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-Rb-Sr USGS-Rb-Sr 
USGS-Rb-Sr-004241585.821585.821585.82Rb-Srminimum age of intrusionlepidolite     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-Rb-Sr USGS-Rb-Sr 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00031_206_2381648.51488.51568.5±80206_238age of intrusionuraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00031_207_2061673.51513.51593.5±80207_206age of intrusionuraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00031_207_2351659.21499.21579.2±80207_235age of intrusionuraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00211_206_2381608.21598.21603.2±5206_238 uraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00211_207_2061591.91571.91581.9±10207_206 uraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00211_207_235159915891594±5207_235 uraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00212_206_2381384.91374.91379.9±5206_238 uraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00212_207_2061547.41517.41532.4±15207_206 uraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00212_207_235144614361441±5207_235 uraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
Alexandra-0270164016401640K-ArAge of pegmatitemuscovite   Muscovite  4106Etta Mine, Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAEttaRiley (1970)10.1016/0016-7037(70)90073-6GCA34_713 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R050618Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAhttps://rruff.info/R050618
R050494Big Chief Mine (Johnson Pegmatite), Glendale, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAhttps://rruff.info/R050494
R070179Hugo Mine, Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAhttps://rruff.info/R070179
R070529Hugo Mine, Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAhttps://rruff.info/R070529
R070319Nickel Plate Mine, Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAhttps://rruff.info/R070319

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