Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA

Oldest recorded age at locality: 1783.5
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1374.9

mindat Locality ID: 4113
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-4113.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA": 53
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 50

Number of Child Localities: 32
Child Localities:
Beckman Lode Occurrence (Gold Coin Groups; General Custer)
Big Shot Occurrence
Big Smoke (Trail Hill Feldspar Dike; Big Smoke No. 2; Big Smoke No. 1)
Confidence No. 1 Lode
Dike Lode (Dyke Lode)
Expectation Pegmatite
Gilt Edge Mica Mine
Glendale
Goat Lode (Gout)
Hardesty Homestead Mine (Hardesty Mine)
Henry Tin Occurrence
Hesnard Mine
Highway 16A
Holy Smoke Mine (Vulcan Mine)
Juniper Silver Mine
Keystone
Maderposson Occurrence
Monte Carlo Prospect
Ottershagen Prospect (Otterhagen Lode)
Pacer Group
Phillip And Phyllis Lodes (Watson Feldspar Mine)
Pink Elephant Beryl Prospect
Plate Mica Prospect
Ponca Group
Queen Claim
Rattlesnake Mine
Red Dog Mine
Scott Tungsten Mine
Star Lode (Star Lithia Mine)
Tepee Gulch Area
Tin Hill Mine
White Tail Lode

Latitude: 43°52'55"N
Longitude: 103°24'8"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 43.881944444444,-103.40222222222
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Be Bi C Ca Cd Ce Cu F Fe H K Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Sr Ta Ti U W Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al Ca O Si 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAlluauditeAluniteAmorphousAmphiboleAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArrojaditeArsenic
ArseniosideriteArsenoliteArsenopyriteArthuriteAutuniteBaryteBerauniteBerylBjarebyiteCalcioferrite
CalciteChalcopyriteChildreniteChloriteClayClinozoisiteColumbiteCopperCorundumDiaspore
DufréniteEpidoteFairfielditeFeldsparFluoriteGarnetGraftoniteGypsumHopeiteHureaulite
JahnsiteKaoliniteLöllingiteLaueiteLazuliteLeucophosphiteMalachiteMarcasiteMeta-autuniteMica
MolybdeniteMonaziteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupOlivinePerovskitePharmacosideritePhenakitePhosphophyllite
PhosphosideritePhosphuranylitePyritePyroxeneQuartzReddingiteRockbridgeiteRocksaltRutileScheelite
SchoepiteSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelStanniteStauroliteStewartiteStrunziteSulphurSymplesite
TalcTetrahedriteTitaniteTopazTourmalineTripliteVivianiteWagneriteWarditeWurtzite
Zircon

174 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Albite  (*)Alluaudite  (*)Almandine  (*)Amblygonite  (*)
Andalusite  (*)Anorthite  (*)Arrojadite-(KFe)  (*)Arsenolite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)
Augelite  (*)Autunite  (*)Azurite  (*)Barbosalite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Becquerelite  (*)Beraunite  (*)Bermanite  (*)Bertrandite  (*)Beryl  (*)
Bismuth  (*)Brazilianite  (*)Cacoxenite  (*)Calcite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)
Černýite  (*)Cerussite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Childrenite  (*)
Chrysoberyl  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Clinochlore  (*)Columbite-(Fe)  (*)Corundum  (*)
Crandallite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Diadochite  (*)Dickinsonite-(KMnNa)  (*)Diopside  (*)
Dufrénite  (*)Elbaite  (*)Eosphorite  (*)Epidote  (*)Ernstite  (*)
Eucryptite  (*)Fairfieldite  (*)Ferrisicklerite  (*)Ferrolaueite  (*)Fluellite  (*)
Fluorapatite  (*)Fourmarierite  (*)Frondelite  (*)Galena  (*)Glaucophane  (*)
Goethite  (*)Gold  (*)Goyazite  (*)Graftonite  (*)Graphite  (*)
Greenockite  (*)Griphite  (*)Grossular  (*)Grunerite  (*)Gypsum  (*)
Heterosite  (*)Holmquistite  (*)Hopeite  (*)Hübnerite  (*)Hureaulite  (*)
Hydroxylapatite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Jahnsite-(CaMnMg)  (*)Johnwalkite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)
Kasolite  (*)Kësterite  (*)Kidwellite  (*)Kryzhanovskite  (*)Laueite  (*)
Lazulite  (*)Leucophosphite  (*)Libethenite  (*)Lithiophilite  (*)Löllingite  (*)
Ludlamite  (*)Maghagendorfite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)
Messelite  (*)Meta-autunite  (*)Metatorbernite  (*)Metavivianite  (*)Microcline  (*)
Mitridatite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)Monazite-(Ce)  (*)Montebrasite  (*)Montgomeryite  (*)
Montmorillonite  (*)Morinite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Mushistonite  (*)Natrojarosite  (*)
Olivenite  (*)Olmsteadite  (*)Opal  (*)Orthoclase  (*)Parasymplesite  (*)
Uranophane-β  (*)Pennantite  (*)Perloffite  (*)Petalite  (*)Pharmacosiderite  (*)
Phosphoferrite  (*)Phosphophyllite  (*)Phosphosiderite  (*)Phosphuranylite  (*)Pseudomalachite  (*)
Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Reddingite  (*)
Rhodochrosite  (*)Robertsite  (*)Rockbridgeite  (*)Rutile  (*)Scheelite  (*)
Schorl  (*)Scorodite  (*)Scorzalite  (*)Sicklerite  (*)Siderite  (*)
Arrojadite-(BaFe)  (*)Sillimanite  (*)Silver  (*)Sinkankasite  (*)Spessartine  (*)
Sphalerite  (*)Spinel  (*)Spodumene  (*)Stannite  (*)Staurolite  (*)
Stewartite  (*)Strengite  (*)Strunzite  (*)Sulphur  (*)Svanbergite  (*)
Talc  (*)Tavorite  (*)Tenorite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Titanite  (*)
Todorokite  (*)Topaz  (*)Torbernite  (*)Triphylite  (*)Triplite  (*)
Triploidite  (*)Uraninite  (*)Uranophane-α  (*)Vandendriesscheite  (*)Varlamoffite  (*)
Vivianite  (*)Wardite  (*)Whitmoreite  (*)Wodginite  (*)Wolfeite  (*)
Wyllieite  (*)Xanthoxenite  (*)Zircon  (*)Zoisite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)21700170012660783419
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)1783.51374.922266051,266052,266056,266057,266059,266061,266063,266068,266069,266070,266071,266072,266073,266074,266075,266077,266078,266079,266080,266082,266083,2660858803
Alluaudite  (*)Alluaudite   NaMnFe3+2(PO4)3170016402266056,26607594
Almandine  (*)GarnetFe2+3Al2(SiO4)31783.51374.95266064,266069,266075,266078,2660972353
Amblygonite  (*)NoneLiAl(PO4)F1700164010266059,266061,266072,266074,266075,266077,266078,266080,266082,266096244
Andalusite  (*)AndalusiteAl2SiO5170016402266075,2660801310
Anorthite  (*)FeldsparCa(Al2Si2O8)1783.51374.901036
Arrojadite-(KFe)  (*)Arrojadite(KNa)Fe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2170016403266075,266079,26608350
Arsenolite  (*)ArsenoliteAs2O3164016401266075231
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS170016405266056,266071,266075,266078,2660799052
Augelite  (*)NoneAl2(PO4)(OH)31783.51374.93266069,266075,26607879
Autunite  (*)AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O1783.51374.96266056,266068,266069,266071,266075,2660801272
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2170016403266075,266080,2660835509
Barbosalite  (*)LazuliteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)217001700126606843
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)17001700126605611547
Becquerelite  (*)NoneCa(UO2)6O4(OH)6·8H2O1783.51374.9126606992
Beraunite  (*)BerauniteFe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4·6H2O170017004266056,266063,266068,266083136
Bermanite  (*)ArthuriteMn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O170017002266056,26606355
Bertrandite  (*)Not in a structural groupBe4Si2O7(OH)2170017002266071,266083606
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O181783.51374.934266048,266049,266051,266053,266056,266057,266058,266059,266061,266062,266063,266068,266069,266070,266071,266072,266073,266074,266075,266077,266078,266079,266080,266082,266083,266084,266085,266086,266088,266089,266090,266091,266092,2660964286
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi1783.51374.92266069,2660751966
Brazilianite  (*)Not in a structural groupNaAl3(PO4)2(OH)417001700126607159
Cacoxenite  (*)NoneFe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12·75H2O164016401266075280
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)17001700126607427770
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO21783.51374.912266058,266061,266062,266068,266069,266075,266077,266078,266079,266080,266083,2660885171
Černýite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2CdSnS4170017002266078,2660808
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)1640164012660754979
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S1640164012660755707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2170016403266056,266075,26608027198
Childrenite  (*)ChildreniteFe2+Al(PO4)(OH)2·H2O170017004266056,266070,266078,26608393
Chrysoberyl  (*)OlivineBeAl2O4170017001266080321
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O1640164012660753531
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)81700170012660801756
Columbite-(Fe)  (*)ColumbiteFe2+Nb2O61783.51374.93266069,266075,266083518
Corundum  (*)CorundumAl2O31640164012660751797
Crandallite  (*)AluniteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6170017001266078310
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O12660922970
Diadochite  (*)AmorphousFe3+2(PO4)(SO4)(OH)·6H2O17001700126605681
Dickinsonite-(KMnNa)  (*)ArrojaditeK(NaMn)CaNa3AlMn13(PO4)12(OH)2126607926
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O6170016402266075,2660784135
Dufrénite  (*)DufréniteCa0.5Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O170016402266075,266078139
Elbaite  (*)TourmalineNa(Al1.5Li1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)1783.51374.92266069,266075520
Eosphorite  (*)ChildreniteMn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2·H2O170017001266078128
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)170016403266074,266075,2660788173
Ernstite  (*)Childrenite(Mn2+,Fe3+)Al(PO4)(OH,O)21700170012660837
Eucryptite  (*)PhenakiteLiAlSiO416401640126607529
Fairfieldite  (*)FairfielditeCa2Mn2+(PO4)2·2H2O1783.51374.92266069,26607172
Ferrisicklerite  (*)OlivineLi1-x(Fe3+,Mn2+)(PO4)170016404266056,266063,266075,266080108
Ferrolaueite  (*)LaueiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O1700170012660835
Fluellite  (*)NoneAl2(PO4)F2(OH)·7H2O17001700126606840
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F1783.51374.912266049,266056,266063,266068,266069,266071,266074,266075,266077,266078,266080,2660832740
Fourmarierite  (*)SchoepitePb1-xO3-2x(UO2)4(OH)4+2x·4H2O1783.51374.9126606961
Frondelite  (*)Rockbridgeite(Mn2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)516401640126607552
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS170016403266056,266075,26609224243
Glaucophane  (*)Amphibole   Na2(Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2170017001266074286
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)170016406266068,266070,266071,266075,266077,2660807437
Gold  (*)CopperAu164016405266047,266065,266066,266075,26609730554
Goyazite  (*)AluniteSrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6170017003266056,266080,266083173
Graftonite  (*)GraftoniteFe2+Fe2+2(PO4)21266079107
Graphite  (*)NoneC170016404266057,266061,266068,2660752812
Greenockite  (*)WurtziteCdS1783.51374.92266056,266069717
Griphite  (*)NoneCa(Mn2+,Na,Li)6Fe2+Al2(PO4)6(F,OH)2164016402266075,2660828
Grossular  (*)GarnetCa3Al2(SiO4)31640164012660751544
Grunerite  (*)Amphibole   Fe2+2Fe2+5Si8O22(OH)2170017001266074223
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O1700170012660566890
Heterosite  (*)OlivineFe3+(PO4)1783.51374.912266051,266056,266059,266063,266068,266069,266074,266075,266078,266080,266088,266096204
Holmquistite  (*)Amphibole   Li2(Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)217001700126607442
Hopeite  (*)HopeiteZn3(PO4)2·4H2O17001700126605629
Hübnerite  (*)ColumbiteMn2+(WO4)164016401266075469
Hureaulite  (*)HureauliteMn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2·4H2O170016406266056,266059,266063,266068,266075,266083125
Hydroxylapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3OH1783.51374.93266056,266069,266080367
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O31783.51374.94266055,266069,266074,2660755433
Jahnsite-(CaMnMg)  (*)JahnsiteCaMn2+Mg2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O170016402266056,26607514
Johnwalkite  (*)NoneK(Mn2+,Fe3+)2(Nb,Ta)O2(PO4)2·2(H2O,OH)12660701
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)41640164012660755591
Kasolite  (*)NonePb(UO2)(SiO4)·H2O1783.51374.91266069198
Kësterite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2ZnSnS4170016403266075,266078,26608082
Kidwellite  (*)NoneNaFe3+9+x(PO4)6(OH)11·3H2O (x ≈ 0.33)17001700126605653
Kryzhanovskite  (*)Reddingite(Fe3+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)317001700126605634
Laueite  (*)LaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O170016405266056,266063,266068,266075,26608370
Lazulite  (*)LazuliteMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2170016402266075,266083232
Leucophosphite  (*)LeucophosphiteKFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O170017002266056,266068110
Libethenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(PO4)(OH)170016402266075,266080234
Lithiophilite  (*)OlivineLiMn2+(PO4)170016406266056,266059,266074,266075,266080,266082155
Löllingite  (*)LöllingiteFeAs21783.51374.99266051,266056,266059,266069,266071,266075,266078,266080,266083762
Ludlamite  (*)NoneFe2+3(PO4)2·4H2O170016406266056,266063,266068,266071,266075,26608366
Maghagendorfite  (*)AlluauditeNa2MgFe2+Fe3+(PO4)31700170022660515
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4170017002266055,26607714899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2170016404266075,266080,266083,26609212537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS21700170012660805674
Messelite  (*)FairfielditeCa2Fe2+(PO4)2·2H2O170017004266056,266059,266071,26608343
Meta-autunite  (*)Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2·6H2O170017001266056388
Metatorbernite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(PO4)2·8H2O170017001266056443
Metavivianite  (*)SymplesiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O17001700126605626
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)1783.51374.926266049,266051,266052,266053,266056,266057,266059,266061,266068,266069,266070,266071,266072,266073,266074,266075,266077,266078,266079,266080,266082,266083,266085,266089,266091,2660924924
Mitridatite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O170016404266056,266063,266075,266083129
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS2170016403266068,266075,2660795800
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)MonaziteCe(PO4)164016401266075945
Montebrasite  (*)NoneLiAl(PO4)(OH)1783.51374.94266069,266078,266080,266083200
Montgomeryite  (*)CalcioferriteCa4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O16401640126607544
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O170016402266075,2660781508
Morinite  (*)NoneNaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4·2H2O17001700126607822
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)21783.51603.525266049,266051,266052,266053,266056,266057,266059,266061,266068,266069,266070,266071,266072,266073,266074,266075,266077,266078,266079,266080,266082,266083,266085,266089,26609117380
Mushistonite  (*)PerovskiteCu2+Sn4+(OH)6170016402266075,2660807
Natrojarosite  (*)AluniteNaFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6170017001266056254
Olivenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(AsO4)(OH)164016401266075492
Olmsteadite  (*)NoneKFe2+2NbO2(PO4)2·2H2O170017003266056,266063,2660833
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O170016403266068,266075,2660802994
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)170016402266075,2660782349
Parasymplesite  (*)VivianiteFe2+3(AsO4)2·8H2O170017001266056124
Uranophane-β  (*)NoneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·5H2O170017001266068144
Pennantite  (*)Chlorite ClayMn2+5Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)81783.51374.9126606725
Perloffite  (*)BjarebyiteBaMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)31700170012660567
Petalite  (*)Not in a structural groupLiAlSi4O10164016401266075124
Pharmacosiderite  (*)PharmacosideriteKFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·6-7H2O1783.51374.92266069,266078428
Phosphoferrite  (*)ReddingiteFe2+3(PO4)2·3H2O170017002266056,26607131
Phosphophyllite  (*)PhosphophylliteZn2Fe2+(PO4)2·4H2O17001700126605629
Phosphosiderite  (*)PhosphosideriteFe3+(PO4)·2H2O170016404266056,266063,266075,266083182
Phosphuranylite  (*)PhosphuranyliteKCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4·8H2O170017001266068182
Pseudomalachite  (*)NoneCu5(PO4)2(OH)4170017001266080369
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2170016408266056,266057,266068,266071,266074,266075,266080,26609239462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO21700170012660803106
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S8170017002266056,2660809056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO21783.51374.929266049,266050,266051,266052,266053,266056,266057,266059,266061,266066,266068,266069,266070,266071,266072,266073,266074,266075,266077,266078,266079,266080,266082,266083,266085,266088,266089,266091,26609261156
Reddingite  (*)ReddingiteMn2+3(PO4)2·3H2O17001700126605624
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)1700170012660611711
Robertsite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Mn3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O17001700126605636
Rockbridgeite  (*)Rockbridgeite(Fe2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5170016404266056,266059,266063,266075206
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO2170016403266057,266075,2660805614
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)1640164012660754894
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)1783.51374.913266051,266056,266057,266059,266068,266069,266071,266073,266074,266075,266078,266080,2660822705
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O170016404266056,266075,266078,2660801153
Scorzalite  (*)LazuliteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)217001700126608360
Sicklerite  (*)OlivineLiMn2+(PO4)1783.51374.97266051,266059,266068,266069,266074,266078,26608066
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)1783.51374.912266049,266056,266059,266063,266069,266070,266071,266073,266075,266077,266080,2660836417
Arrojadite-(BaFe)  (*)ArrojaditeBaFe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)21700170012660567
Sillimanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2SiO5170017002266057,2660781516
Silver  (*)CopperAg3266047,266065,2660975186
Sinkankasite  (*)NoneMn2+Al(PO3OH)2(OH)·6H2O1700170012660683
Spessartine  (*)GarnetMn2+3Al2(SiO4)3170017002266056,2660731214
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS1783.51374.98266056,266068,266069,266071,266075,266079,266082,26608321482
Spinel  (*)SpinelMgAl2O41640164012660751934
Spodumene  (*)PyroxeneLiAlSi2O61783.51374.913266051,266052,266059,266061,266068,266069,266070,266074,266075,266077,266078,266079,266080688
Stannite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2FeSnS4170016403266071,266075,266080668
Staurolite  (*)StauroliteFe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)1783.51374.96266057,266069,266078,266080,266082,266097978
Stewartite  (*)StewartiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O170016403266056,266063,26607548
Strengite  (*)NoneFe3+(PO4)·2H2O170016403266063,266068,266075263
Strunzite  (*)StrunziteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O170016404266056,266063,266075,26608398
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS1700170012660562045
Svanbergite  (*)AluniteSrAl3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)6170017001266080105
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)212660963337
Tavorite  (*)NoneLiFe3+(PO4)(OH)170016402266063,26607535
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO12660921101
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S131700170012660835317
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O170016403266055,266074,2660754899
Todorokite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O164016401266075433
Topaz  (*)TopazAl2SiO4F2170017002266051,2660611476
Torbernite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(PO4)2·12H2O170016405266056,266068,266071,266075,2660801059
Triphylite  (*)OlivineLiFe2+(PO4)1783.51374.918266051,266056,266059,266063,266068,266069,266070,266071,266073,266074,266075,266077,266078,266079,266080,266083,266088,266096313
Triplite  (*)TripliteMn2+2(PO4)F170016403266056,266075,266078233
Triploidite  (*)WagneriteMn2+2(PO4)(OH)17001700126608029
Uraninite  (*)FluoriteUO21783.51374.98266059,266068,266069,266071,266075,266078,266080,2660832718
Uranophane-α  (*)NoneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·5H2O1783.51374.93266068,266069,266080890
Vandendriesscheite  (*)NonePb1.6(UO2)10O6(OH)11·11H2O1783.51374.9126606952
Varlamoffite  (*)Rutile(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2170016402266075,26607856
Vivianite  (*)VivianiteFe2+3(PO4)2·8H2O170016408266056,266059,266063,266068,266070,266075,266080,266083636
Wardite  (*)WarditeNaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4·2H2O17001700126607858
Whitmoreite  (*)ArthuriteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O170017002266056,26608336
Wodginite  (*)ColumbiteMn2+Sn4+Ta2O817001700126608078
Wolfeite  (*)WagneriteFe2+2(PO4)(OH)17001700126605643
Wyllieite  (*)NoneNaNaMn(Fe2+Al)(PO4)3126607917
Xanthoxenite  (*)NoneCa4Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·3H2O170016402266063,26607529
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)1783.51374.97266056,266068,266069,266071,266075,266077,2660805251
Zoisite  (*)EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)1700170012660551025


14 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Alexandra-0372170017001700 Age of pegmatite   Yes Li, Be, Sn, Cs, Ta, Nb, U122418Black Elk Peak (Harney Peak), Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAHarney PeakNorton and Redden (1990)10.2138/am.2008.2633AM75_631 
USGS-Rb-Sr-001891783.51603.51693.5±90Rb-Srage of intrusionmuscovite   Muscovite  8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-Rb-Sr USGS-Rb-Sr 
USGS-Rb-Sr-001901695.191535.191615.19±80Rb-Srage of intrusionlepidolite     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-Rb-Sr USGS-Rb-Sr 
USGS-Rb-Sr-004241585.821585.821585.82Rb-Srminimum age of intrusionlepidolite     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-Rb-Sr USGS-Rb-Sr 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00031_206_2381648.51488.51568.5±80206_238age of intrusionuraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00031_207_2061673.51513.51593.5±80207_206age of intrusionuraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00031_207_2351659.21499.21579.2±80207_235age of intrusionuraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00211_206_2381608.21598.21603.2±5206_238 uraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00211_207_2061591.91571.91581.9±10207_206 uraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00211_207_235159915891594±5207_235 uraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00212_206_2381384.91374.91379.9±5206_238 uraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00212_207_2061547.41517.41532.4±15207_206 uraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
USGS-U-Th-Pb-00212_207_235144614361441±5207_235 uraninite, pitchblende     8771Bob Ingersoll Mine (Ingersoll Mine; Ben Butler Mine; Horace Greely Mine), Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA USGS-U-Th-Pb USGS-U-Th-Pb 
Alexandra-0270164016401640K-ArAge of pegmatitemuscovite   Muscovite  4106Etta Mine, Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAEttaRiley (1970)10.1016/0016-7037(70)90073-6GCA34_713 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R050494Big Chief Mine (Johnson Pegmatite), Glendale, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAhttps://rruff.info/R050494
R070179Hugo Mine, Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAhttps://rruff.info/R070179
R070529Hugo Mine, Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAhttps://rruff.info/R070529
R070319Nickel Plate Mine, Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAhttps://rruff.info/R070319

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