Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Big Chief Mine (Johnson Pegmatite), Glendale, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA

Oldest recorded age at locality: 1700
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1700

mindat Locality ID: 4105
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-4105.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Big Chief Mine (Johnson Pegmatite), Glendale, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA": 0
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 0

Latitude: 43°51'54"N
Longitude: 103°22'55"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 43.865,-103.38194444444
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As B Ba Be C Ca Cd Cu F Fe H K Li Mg Mn Na Nb O P Pb S Si Sr U Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al As B Ba Be C Ca Cd Cu F Fe H K Li Mg Mn Na Nb O P Pb S Si Sr U Zn Zr 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AlluauditeAluniteAmorphousApatiteArrojaditeArseniosideriteArsenopyriteArthuriteAutuniteBaryte
BerauniteBerylBjarebyiteCalciteChalcopyriteChildreniteClayFairfielditeFeldsparGarnet
GypsumHopeiteHureauliteJahnsiteLöllingiteLaueiteLeucophosphiteMeta-autuniteMicaNickeline
NoneOlivinePhosphophyllitePhosphosideritePyriteQuartzReddingiteRockbridgeiteRocksaltSphalerite
StewartiteStrunziteSulphurSymplesiteTourmalineTripliteVivianiteWagneriteWurtziteZircon

65 IMA Minerals at location:
Albite  (*)Alluaudite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Autunite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Beraunite  (*)Bermanite  (*)Beryl  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Childrenite  (*)
Diadochite  (*)Ferrisicklerite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)Galena  (*)Goyazite  (*)
Greenockite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Heterosite  (*)Hopeite  (*)Hureaulite  (*)
Hydroxylapatite  (*)Jahnsite-(CaMnMg)  (*)Kidwellite  (*)Kryzhanovskite  (*)Laueite  (*)
Leucophosphite  (*)Lithiophilite  (*)Löllingite  (*)Ludlamite  (*)Messelite  (*)
Meta-autunite  (*)Metatorbernite  (*)Metavivianite  (*)Microcline  (*)Mitridatite  (*)
Muscovite  (*)Natrojarosite  (*)Olmsteadite  (*)Parasymplesite  (*)Perloffite  (*)
Phosphoferrite  (*)Phosphophyllite  (*)Phosphosiderite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)
Quartz  (*)Reddingite  (*)Robertsite  (*)Rockbridgeite  (*)Schorl  (*)
Scorodite  (*)Siderite  (*)Arrojadite-(BaFe)  (*)Spessartine  (*)Sphalerite  (*)
Stewartite  (*)Strunzite  (*)Sulphur  (*)Torbernite  (*)Triphylite  (*)
Triplite  (*)Vivianite  (*)Whitmoreite  (*)Wolfeite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)1700170008803
Alluaudite  (*)Alluaudite   NaMnFe3+2(PO4)317001700094
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS1700170009052
Autunite  (*)AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O1700170001272
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)17001700011547
Beraunite  (*)BerauniteFe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4·6H2O170017000136
Bermanite  (*)ArthuriteMn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O17001700055
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O181700170004286
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS217001700027198
Childrenite  (*)ChildreniteFe2+Al(PO4)(OH)2·H2O17001700093
Diadochite  (*)AmorphousFe3+2(PO4)(SO4)(OH)·6H2O17001700081
Ferrisicklerite  (*)OlivineLi1-x(Fe3+,Mn2+)(PO4)170017000108
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F1700170002740
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS17001700024243
Goyazite  (*)AluniteSrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6170017000173
Greenockite  (*)WurtziteCdS170017000717
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O1700170006890
Heterosite  (*)OlivineFe3+(PO4)170017000204
Hopeite  (*)HopeiteZn3(PO4)2·4H2O17001700029
Hureaulite  (*)HureauliteMn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2·4H2O170017000125
Hydroxylapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3OH170017000367
Jahnsite-(CaMnMg)  (*)JahnsiteCaMn2+Mg2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O17001700014
Kidwellite  (*)NoneNaFe3+9+x(PO4)6(OH)11·3H2O (x ≈ 0.33)17001700053
Kryzhanovskite  (*)Reddingite(Fe3+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)317001700034
Laueite  (*)LaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O17001700070
Leucophosphite  (*)LeucophosphiteKFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O170017000110
Lithiophilite  (*)OlivineLiMn2+(PO4)170017000155
Löllingite  (*)LöllingiteFeAs2170017000762
Ludlamite  (*)NoneFe2+3(PO4)2·4H2O17001700066
Messelite  (*)FairfielditeCa2Fe2+(PO4)2·2H2O17001700043
Meta-autunite  (*)Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2·6H2O170017000388
Metatorbernite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(PO4)2·8H2O170017000443
Metavivianite  (*)SymplesiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O17001700026
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)1700170004924
Mitridatite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O170017000129
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)217001700017380
Natrojarosite  (*)AluniteNaFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6170017000254
Olmsteadite  (*)NoneKFe2+2NbO2(PO4)2·2H2O1700170003
Parasymplesite  (*)VivianiteFe2+3(AsO4)2·8H2O170017000124
Perloffite  (*)BjarebyiteBaMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)31700170007
Phosphoferrite  (*)ReddingiteFe2+3(PO4)2·3H2O17001700031
Phosphophyllite  (*)PhosphophylliteZn2Fe2+(PO4)2·4H2O17001700029
Phosphosiderite  (*)PhosphosideriteFe3+(PO4)·2H2O170017000182
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS217001700039462
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S81700170009056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO217001700061156
Reddingite  (*)ReddingiteMn2+3(PO4)2·3H2O17001700024
Robertsite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Mn3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O17001700036
Rockbridgeite  (*)Rockbridgeite(Fe2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5170017000206
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)1700170002705
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O1700170001153
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)1700170006417
Arrojadite-(BaFe)  (*)ArrojaditeBaFe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)21700170007
Spessartine  (*)GarnetMn2+3Al2(SiO4)31700170001214
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS17001700021482
Stewartite  (*)StewartiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O17001700048
Strunzite  (*)StrunziteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O17001700098
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS1700170002045
Torbernite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(PO4)2·12H2O1700170001059
Triphylite  (*)OlivineLiFe2+(PO4)170017000313
Triplite  (*)TripliteMn2+2(PO4)F170017000233
Vivianite  (*)VivianiteFe2+3(PO4)2·8H2O170017000636
Whitmoreite  (*)ArthuriteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O17001700036
Wolfeite  (*)WagneriteFe2+2(PO4)(OH)17001700043
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)1700170005251


1 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Alexandra-0372170017001700 Age of pegmatite   Yes Li, Be, Sn, Cs, Ta, Nb, U122418Black Elk Peak (Harney Peak), Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAHarney PeakNorton and Redden (1990)10.2138/am.2008.2633AM75_631 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R050494Big Chief Mine (Johnson Pegmatite), Glendale, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAhttps://rruff.info/R050494

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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