Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Etta Mine, Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA

Oldest recorded age at locality: 1640
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1640

mindat Locality ID: 4106
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-4106.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Etta Mine, Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USA": 0
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 0

Latitude: 43°52'50"N
Longitude: 103°25'8"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 43.880555555556,-103.41888888889
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As Au B Ba Be Bi C Ca Ce Cu F Fe H K Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb O P Pb S Si Sn Sr Ti U W Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al As Au B Ba Be Bi C Ca Ce Cu F Fe H K Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb O P Pb S Si Sn Sr Ti U W Zn Zr 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAlluauditeAmorphousAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArrojaditeArsenicArseniosideriteArsenolite
ArsenopyriteAutuniteBerylCalcioferriteCalciteChalcopyriteClayClinozoisiteColumbiteCopper
CorundumDiasporeDufréniteEpidoteFeldsparFluoriteGarnetHureauliteJahnsiteKaolinite
LöllingiteLaueiteLazuliteMalachiteMicaMolybdeniteMonaziteNoneNot in a structural groupOlivine
PerovskitePhenakitePhosphosideritePyritePyroxeneQuartzRockbridgeiteRocksaltRutileScheelite
Smectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelStanniteStewartiteStrunziteTitaniteTourmalineTripliteVivianite
Zircon

88 IMA Minerals at location:
Albite  (*)Alluaudite  (*)Almandine  (*)Amblygonite  (*)Andalusite  (*)
Arrojadite-(KFe)  (*)Arsenolite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Augelite  (*)Autunite  (*)
Azurite  (*)Beryl  (*)Bismuth  (*)Cacoxenite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)
Cerussite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Columbite-(Fe)  (*)
Corundum  (*)Diopside  (*)Dufrénite  (*)Elbaite  (*)Epidote  (*)
Eucryptite  (*)Ferrisicklerite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)Frondelite  (*)Galena  (*)
Goethite  (*)Gold  (*)Graphite  (*)Griphite  (*)Grossular  (*)
Heterosite  (*)Hübnerite  (*)Hureaulite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Jahnsite-(CaMnMg)  (*)
Kaolinite  (*)Kësterite  (*)Laueite  (*)Lazulite  (*)Libethenite  (*)
Lithiophilite  (*)Löllingite  (*)Ludlamite  (*)Malachite  (*)Microcline  (*)
Mitridatite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)Monazite-(Ce)  (*)Montgomeryite  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)
Muscovite  (*)Mushistonite  (*)Olivenite  (*)Opal  (*)Orthoclase  (*)
Petalite  (*)Phosphosiderite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Quartz  (*)Rockbridgeite  (*)
Rutile  (*)Scheelite  (*)Schorl  (*)Scorodite  (*)Siderite  (*)
Sphalerite  (*)Spinel  (*)Spodumene  (*)Stannite  (*)Stewartite  (*)
Strengite  (*)Strunzite  (*)Tavorite  (*)Titanite  (*)Todorokite  (*)
Torbernite  (*)Triphylite  (*)Triplite  (*)Uraninite  (*)Varlamoffite  (*)
Vivianite  (*)Xanthoxenite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)1640164008803
Alluaudite  (*)Alluaudite   NaMnFe3+2(PO4)316401640094
Almandine  (*)GarnetFe2+3Al2(SiO4)31640164002353
Amblygonite  (*)NoneLiAl(PO4)F164016400244
Andalusite  (*)AndalusiteAl2SiO51640164001310
Arrojadite-(KFe)  (*)Arrojadite(KNa)Fe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)216401640050
Arsenolite  (*)ArsenoliteAs2O3164016400231
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS1640164009052
Augelite  (*)NoneAl2(PO4)(OH)316401640079
Autunite  (*)AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O1640164001272
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)21640164005509
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O181640164004286
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi1640164001966
Cacoxenite  (*)NoneFe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12·75H2O164016400280
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO21640164005171
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)1640164004979
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S1640164005707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS216401640027198
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O1640164003531
Columbite-(Fe)  (*)ColumbiteFe2+Nb2O6164016400518
Corundum  (*)CorundumAl2O31640164001797
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O61640164004135
Dufrénite  (*)DufréniteCa0.5Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O164016400139
Elbaite  (*)TourmalineNa(Al1.5Li1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)164016400520
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)1640164008173
Eucryptite  (*)PhenakiteLiAlSiO416401640029
Ferrisicklerite  (*)OlivineLi1-x(Fe3+,Mn2+)(PO4)164016400108
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F1640164002740
Frondelite  (*)Rockbridgeite(Mn2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)516401640052
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS16401640024243
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)1640164007437
Gold  (*)CopperAu16401640030554
Graphite  (*)NoneC1640164002812
Griphite  (*)NoneCa(Mn2+,Na,Li)6Fe2+Al2(PO4)6(F,OH)21640164008
Grossular  (*)GarnetCa3Al2(SiO4)31640164001544
Heterosite  (*)OlivineFe3+(PO4)164016400204
Hübnerite  (*)ColumbiteMn2+(WO4)164016400469
Hureaulite  (*)HureauliteMn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2·4H2O164016400125
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O31640164005433
Jahnsite-(CaMnMg)  (*)JahnsiteCaMn2+Mg2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O16401640014
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)41640164005591
Kësterite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2ZnSnS416401640082
Laueite  (*)LaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O16401640070
Lazulite  (*)LazuliteMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2164016400232
Libethenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(PO4)(OH)164016400234
Lithiophilite  (*)OlivineLiMn2+(PO4)164016400155
Löllingite  (*)LöllingiteFeAs2164016400762
Ludlamite  (*)NoneFe2+3(PO4)2·4H2O16401640066
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)216401640012537
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)1640164004924
Mitridatite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O164016400129
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS21640164005800
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)MonaziteCe(PO4)164016400945
Montgomeryite  (*)CalcioferriteCa4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O16401640044
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O1640164001508
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)216401640017380
Mushistonite  (*)PerovskiteCu2+Sn4+(OH)61640164007
Olivenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(AsO4)(OH)164016400492
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O1640164002994
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)1640164002349
Petalite  (*)Not in a structural groupLiAlSi4O10164016400124
Phosphosiderite  (*)PhosphosideriteFe3+(PO4)·2H2O164016400182
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS216401640039462
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO216401640061156
Rockbridgeite  (*)Rockbridgeite(Fe2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5164016400206
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO21640164005614
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)1640164004894
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)1640164002705
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O1640164001153
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)1640164006417
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS16401640021482
Spinel  (*)SpinelMgAl2O41640164001934
Spodumene  (*)PyroxeneLiAlSi2O6164016400688
Stannite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2FeSnS4164016400668
Stewartite  (*)StewartiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O16401640048
Strengite  (*)NoneFe3+(PO4)·2H2O164016400263
Strunzite  (*)StrunziteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O16401640098
Tavorite  (*)NoneLiFe3+(PO4)(OH)16401640035
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O1640164004899
Todorokite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O164016400433
Torbernite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(PO4)2·12H2O1640164001059
Triphylite  (*)OlivineLiFe2+(PO4)164016400313
Triplite  (*)TripliteMn2+2(PO4)F164016400233
Uraninite  (*)FluoriteUO21640164002718
Varlamoffite  (*)Rutile(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)216401640056
Vivianite  (*)VivianiteFe2+3(PO4)2·8H2O164016400636
Xanthoxenite  (*)NoneCa4Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·3H2O16401640029
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)1640164005251


1 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Alexandra-0270164016401640K-ArAge of pegmatitemuscovite   Muscovite  4106Etta Mine, Keystone, Keystone District, Pennington Co., South Dakota, USAEttaRiley (1970)10.1016/0016-7037(70)90073-6GCA34_713 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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