Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia

Oldest recorded age at locality: 900
Youngest recorded age at locality: 470

mindat Locality ID: 245249
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-245249.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia": 9
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 6

Number of Child Localities: 1
Child Localities:
Kitwe

Latitude: 12°52'53"S
Longitude: 28°6'26"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -12.881388888889,28.107222222222

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Allophane	Andalusite	Apatite	Baryte	Brannerite	Calcite	Chalcopyrite	Digenite	Feldspar	Fluorite
Malachite	Melonite	Molybdenite	None	Pyrite	Quartz	Spinel	Zircon

Albite ()*	Baryte ()*	Bornite ()*	Brannerite ()*	Calcite ()*
Carrollite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Chrysocolla ()*	Coffinite ()*
Digenite ()*	Libethenite ()*	Malachite ()*	Melonite ()*	Molybdenite ()*
Pseudomalachite ()*	Pyrite ()*	Quartz ()*	Uraninite ()*	Vanadinite ()*

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al Ba C Ca Cl Co Cu Fe H Mo Na Ni O P Pb S Si Te Ti U V

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Allophane Andalusite Apatite Baryte Brannerite Calcite Chalcopyrite Digenite Feldspar Fluorite
Malachite Melonite Molybdenite None Pyrite Quartz Spinel Zircon

20 IMA Minerals at location:

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	900	470	1	295004	8803
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	502	470	1	295004	11547
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	900	470	1	295004	5516
Brannerite ()*	Brannerite	UTi₂O₆	656	503	2	295004,295005	248
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	900	470	1	295004	27770
Carrollite ()*	Spinel	CuCo₂S₄	656	503	2	295004,295005	154
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	900	470	1	295004	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	656	503	2	295004,295005	27198
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O	656	503	1	295005	3531
Coffinite ()*	Zircon	U(SiO₄)·nH₂O	656	503	2	295004,295005	566
Digenite ()*	Digenite	Cu_1.8S	900	470	1	295004	1027
Libethenite ()*	Andalusite	Cu₂(PO₄)(OH)	656	503	2	295004,295005	234
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	656	503	2	295004,295005	12537
Melonite ()*	Melonite	NiTe₂	502	470	1	295004	207
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂	656	503	2	295004,295005	5800
Pseudomalachite ()*	None	Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄	900	470	1	295004	369
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	502	470	1	295004	39462
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	900	470	2	295004,295005	61156
Uraninite ()*	Fluorite	UO₂	656	503	2	295004,295005	2718
Vanadinite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl	900	470	2	295004,295005	605

19 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID
Kristen002301	659.6	645	652.3±7.3	U-Pb	U mineralization/ (re-)mobilization		uraninite		Yes	Uraninite	U, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Se, S, Au, Pd	16667	Katanga Copper Crescent, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo	Katanga Copperbelt	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002302	536	524.2	530.1±5.9	U-Pb	reworking of metal concentration		uraninite		Yes	Uraninite	U, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Se, S, Au, Pd	16667	Katanga Copper Crescent, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo	Katanga Copperbelt	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002303	656	656		U-Pb		high	uraninite		Yes	Uraninite	U, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Se, S, Au, Pd	16667	Katanga Copper Crescent, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo	Katanga Copperbelt	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002304	602	602		U-Pb		high	uraninite		Yes	Uraninite	U, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Se, S, Au, Pd	16667	Katanga Copper Crescent, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo	Katanga Copperbelt	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002305	542	542		U-Pb		high	uraninite		Yes	Uraninite	U, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Se, S, Au, Pd	16667	Katanga Copper Crescent, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo	Katanga Copperbelt	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002306	503	503		U-Pb		high	uraninite		Yes	Uraninite	U, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Se, S, Au, Pd	16667	Katanga Copper Crescent, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo	Katanga Copperbelt	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
sedcu-00768	900	900	U. Proterozoic								Cu	228216	Chibuluma, Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Chibuluma-Chibuluma West	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00770	900	900	U. Proterozoic								Cu	228223	Chibuluma South Mine, Chibuluma, Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Chibuluma South	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00772	900	900	U. Proterozoic								Cu	228255	Chifupu, Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Chifupu	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
Kristen002310	502	470	486±16	U-Pb				RGM 3636			U, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Se, S, Au, Pd	4349	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana Mine	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002363	522	522	522	206Pb/238U			uraninite	RGM 3636		Uraninite		4349	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana Mine	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002364	549	549	549	206Pb/238U			uraninite	RGM 3636		Uraninite		4349	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana Mine	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002365	549	549	549	206Pb/238U			uraninite	RGM 3636		Uraninite		4349	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana Mine	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002366	529	525	527±2	207Pb/235U			uraninite	RGM 3636		Uraninite		4349	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana Mine	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002367	549	543	546±3	207Pb/235U			uraninite	RGM 3636		Uraninite		4349	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana Mine	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002368	553	547	550±3	207Pb/235U			uraninite	RGM 3636		Uraninite		4349	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana Mine	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
sedcu-00766	900	900	U. Proterozoic								Cu	4349	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Mindola-Nkana N-S	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00769	900	900	U. Proterozoic								Cu	228256	Nkana North Limb, Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana North Limb	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00771	900	900	U. Proterozoic								Cu	228257	Nkana South Limb, Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana South Limb	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R070595	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	https://rruff.info/R070595

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...