Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

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The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa

Oldest recorded age at locality: 3640
Youngest recorded age at locality: 3040

mindat Locality ID: 257542
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-257542.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa": 81
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 67

Number of Child Localities: 6
Child Localities:
Barberton
Houtboschloop 443JT
Kruger National Park
Malelane (Malalane)
Nelspruit
Pilgrim's Rest

Latitude: 25°19'31"S
Longitude: 31°4'13"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -25.325277777778,31.070277777778
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Bi C Ca Cl Co Cr Cu Fe H Hg K Li Mg Mn Mo N Na Ni O P Pb Pd Pt Ru S Sb Si Sn Sr Te Ti W Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAllophaneAlumAluminiteAluniteAmorphousAmphiboleAndalusiteAragoniteArsenic
ArsenopyriteAtacamiteBaryteBerthieriteBismutiteBournoniteCalciteCeriteChalcoalumiteChalcopyrite
ChloriteChloritoidClayClinozoisiteCobaltiteCopperCoronaditeCorundumCovelliteCubanite
DiasporeDigeniteEnargiteEpidoteFeldsparGypsumHydrotalciteKaoliniteKobelliteLöllingite
LepidocrociteLeucophosphiteLudwigiteMalachiteMarcasiteMicaMilleriteMolybdeniteNickelineNone
Not in a structural groupOlivinePentlanditePerovskitePyritePyrochlorePyrophyllitePyroxeneQuartzRocksalt
RutileSabieiteScheeliteSerpentineSkutteruditeSphaleriteSpinelStanniteStibniteTalc
TapioliteTaranakiteTetradymiteTetrahedriteTitaniteUllmanniteValleriiteWurtzite

151 IMA Minerals at location:
Acanthite  (*)Actinolite  (*)Albite  (*)Allophane  (*)Alum-(K)  (*)
Aluminite  (*)Alunite  (*)Andalusite  (*)Anglesite  (*)Ankerite  (*)
Antimony  (*)Aragonite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Atacamite  (*)Azurite  (*)
Berthierite  (*)Bindheimite  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bismuthinite  (*)Bismutite  (*)
Bismutoferrite  (*)Bonaccordite  (*)Bornite  (*)Boulangerite  (*)Bournonite  (*)
Breithauptite  (*)Brushite  (*)Bunsenite  (*)Calcite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)
Cerussite  (*)Chalcoalumite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chloritoid  (*)
Chromite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Chrysotile  (*)Cinnabar  (*)Clairite  (*)
Cobaltite  (*)Cobaltpentlandite  (*)Cochromite  (*)Copper  (*)Corundum  (*)
Covellite  (*)Cryptomelane  (*)Cubanite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Delafossite  (*)
Digenite  (*)Diopside  (*)Dolomite  (*)Enargite  (*)Epidote  (*)
Famatinite  (*)Franklinite  (*)Galena  (*)Galenobismutite  (*)Gaspéite  (*)
Gibbsite  (*)Godlevskite  (*)Goethite  (*)Gold  (*)Graphite  (*)
Greigite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Hastingsite  (*)Heazlewoodite  (*)Hematite  (*)
Hydromagnesite  (*)Hydrombobomkulite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Jamesonite  (*)Jarosite  (*)
Kotulskite  (*)Kyanite  (*)Lepidocrocite  (*)Leucophosphite  (*)Liebenbergite  (*)
Linnaeite  (*)Lizardite  (*)Löllingite  (*)Lonecreekite  (*)Magnesite  (*)
Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Maldonite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Margarite  (*)
Maucherite  (*)Mbobomkulite  (*)Millerite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)Muscovite  (*)
Népouite  (*)Newberyite  (*)Nickel  (*)Nickeline  (*)Nickelskutterudite  (*)
Nimite  (*)Olivenite  (*)Opal  (*)Orcelite  (*)Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)
Pecoraite  (*)Pentlandite  (*)Pseudomalachite  (*)Pyrargyrite  (*)Pyrite  (*)
Pyrolusite  (*)Pyrophyllite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Reevesite  (*)
Ruthenium  (*)Rutile  (*)Sabieite  (*)Safflorite  (*)Sampleite  (*)
Sasaite  (*)Scheelite  (*)Sillimanite  (*)Silver  (*)Skutterudite  (*)
Sobolevskite  (*)Sperrylite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Spodumene  (*)Stibiconite  (*)
Stibnite  (*)Stichtite  (*)Strengite  (*)Talc  (*)Taranakite  (*)
Tenorite  (*)Tetradymite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Titanite  (*)Todorokite  (*)
Tredouxite  (*)Tremolite  (*)Trevorite  (*)Tschermigite  (*)Ullmannite  (*)
Valleriite  (*)Variscite  (*)Violarite  (*)Whitlockite  (*)Willemseite  (*)
Zoisite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite  (*)AcanthiteAg2S3640304011066112793
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)23110305011066403419
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)3110305011066408803
Allophane  (*)AllophaneAl2O3(SiO2)1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H2O311031031106656470
Alum-(K)  (*)AlumKAl(SO4)2·12H2O31103103110665692
Aluminite  (*)AluminiteAl2(SO4)(OH)4·7H2O31103103110665678
Alunite  (*)NoneKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6311031031106656966
Andalusite  (*)AndalusiteAl2SiO53640304011066151310
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)3640304011066112734
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)23640304011066113092
Antimony  (*)ArsenicSb364030404106638,106641,106647,106654363
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)311031034106656,106657,106675,1066833250
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS364030407106611,106622,106640,106658,106676,106679,1066919052
Atacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)3311031032106656,106658544
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2364030404106611,106668,106678,1066825509
Berthierite  (*)BerthieriteFeSb2S4364030401106611343
Bindheimite  (*)PyrochlorePb2Sb5+2O7364030401106611450
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi311030503106611,106640,1066581966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S33106658,106668,1066691935
Bismutite  (*)BismutiteBi2O2(CO3)2106660,106668716
Bismutoferrite  (*)KaoliniteFe3+2Bi(SiO4)2(OH)110666151
Bonaccordite  (*)LudwigiteNi2Fe3+O2(BO3)3640304011066161
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS43640304011066115516
Boulangerite  (*)NonePb5Sb4S11364030401106611843
Bournonite  (*)BournoniteCuPbSbS33640304011066111089
Breithauptite  (*)NickelineNiSb364030401106616175
Brushite  (*)GypsumCa(PO3OH)·2H2O311031031106656104
Bunsenite  (*)RocksaltNiO3640304011066168
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)364030404106632,106640,106675,10667927770
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO23640304011066155171
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)3640304011066114979
Chalcoalumite  (*)ChalcoalumiteCuAl4(SO4)(OH)12·3H2O31103103110665691
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S364030404106611,106617,106661,1066685707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2364030406106611,106615,106617,106640,106668,10669127198
Chloritoid  (*)ChloritoidFe2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2364030401106615376
Chromite  (*)SpinelFe2+Cr2O43640304011066283902
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O3106674,106682,1066833531
Chrysotile  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)4364030404106628,106630,106665,106690951
Cinnabar  (*)NoneHgS304330432106611,1066262600
Clairite  (*)None(NH4)2Fe3+3(SO4)4(OH)3·3H2O11066898
Cobaltite  (*)CobaltiteCoAsS364030401106611966
Cobaltpentlandite  (*)PentlanditeCo9S836403040110662882
Cochromite  (*)SpinelCoCr2O43640304011066164
Copper  (*)CopperCu364030402106611,1066583846
Corundum  (*)CorundumAl2O3364030402106611,1066531797
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS364030402106611,1066174165
Cryptomelane  (*)CoronaditeK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16311031031106656599
Cubanite  (*)Cubanite WurtziteCuFe2S3364030401106611802
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O2106678,1066832970
Delafossite  (*)NoneCu1+Fe3+O21106683144
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S3640304011066111027
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O63110305011066404135
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)2364030403106615,106632,1066409895
Enargite  (*)Enargite WurtziteCu3AsS4364030401106611910
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)11066528173
Famatinite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu3SbS4364030401106611163
Franklinite  (*)SpinelZnFe3+2O436403040110661152
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS364030403106611,106615,10661724243
Galenobismutite  (*)KobellitePbBi2S41106668192
Gaspéite  (*)CalciteNi(CO3)36403040110661622
Gibbsite  (*)NoneAl(OH)3311031031106656504
Godlevskite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S836403040110662840
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)364030404106611,106616,106656,1066707437
Gold  (*)CopperAu3640304018106611,106612,106616,106622,106624,106632,106640,106643,106644,106658,106662,106667,106676,106679,106682,106685,106686,10669130554
Graphite  (*)NoneC364030402106611,1066172812
Greigite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2S436403040110661162
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O311031033106656,106673,1066756890
Hastingsite  (*)AmphiboleNaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)21106651209
Heazlewoodite  (*)NoneNi3S2364030401106628205
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3364030405106611,106612,106617,106656,10665814640
Hydromagnesite  (*)NoneMg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O311031031106656341
Hydrombobomkulite  (*)Chalcoalumite(Ni,Cu)Al4(NO3,SO4)2(OH)12·14H2O3110310311066562
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O33640304011066115433
Jamesonite  (*)NonePb4FeSb6S14364030401106611784
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)63110310311066562228
Kotulskite  (*)NickelinePd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4)364030401106616116
Kyanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2OSiO411066531507
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)364030402106611,106656581
Leucophosphite  (*)LeucophosphiteKFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O311031031106656110
Liebenbergite  (*)OlivineNi2(SiO4)3640304011066164
Linnaeite  (*)SpinelCo2+Co3+2S4364030401106611249
Lizardite  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)4364030401106611359
Löllingite  (*)LöllingiteFeAs2311030502106611,106640762
Lonecreekite  (*)Alum(NH4)Fe3+(SO4)2·12H2O11066896
Magnesite  (*)CalciteMg(CO3)3640304011066331487
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4364030403106611,106617,10663014899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2364030405106611,106668,106675,106678,10668212537
Maldonite  (*)NoneAu2Bi31103050110664088
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS23640304011066115674
Margarite  (*)Mica ClayCaAl2Si2Al2O10(OH)21106653168
Maucherite  (*)NoneNi11As8364030401106611161
Mbobomkulite  (*)Chalcoalumite(Ni,Cu)Al4(NO3,SO4)2(OH)12·3H2O3110310311066562
Millerite  (*)MilleriteNiS364030402106611,1066161066
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS23500310011066115800
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2364030405106615,106622,106640,106653,10666217380
Népouite  (*)Serpentine ClayNi3Si2O5(OH)436403040110661666
Newberyite  (*)NoneMg(PO3OH)·3H2O31103103110665624
Nickel  (*)CopperNi36403040110661157
Nickeline  (*)NickelineNiAs364030401106611633
Nickelskutterudite  (*)Skutterudite Perovskite(Ni,Co,Fe)As3364030401106611176
Nimite  (*)Chlorite Clay(Ni,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)836403040110661615
Olivenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(AsO4)(OH)1106668492
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O364030402106616,1066562994
Orcelite  (*)NoneNi5-xAs2 (x = 0.25)36403040110661636
Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)PyriteNiAsS364030401106616767
Pecoraite  (*)Clay SerpentineNi3Si2O5(OH)436403040110662840
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S8364030404106611,106616,106617,1066281512
Pseudomalachite  (*)NoneCu5(PO4)2(OH)41106674369
Pyrargyrite  (*)NoneAg3SbS33640304011066111425
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS23640304026106611,106612,106615,106616,106617,106622,106632,106640,106643,106644,106658,106660,106669,106670,106671,106672,106673,106675,106676,106677,106678,106680,106682,106687,106689,10669139462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO22106650,1066683106
Pyrophyllite  (*)Clay PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2364030401106615771
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S8364030405106611,106615,106616,106617,1066409056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO23640304020106611,106615,106617,106624,106640,106643,106668,106669,106670,106671,106672,106673,106675,106676,106677,106678,106680,106682,106685,10668661156
Reevesite  (*)HydrotalciteNi6Fe3+2(CO3)(OH)16·4H2O36403040110661648
Ruthenium  (*)NoneRu36403040110661646
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO23110305011066405614
Sabieite  (*)Sabieite(NH4)Fe3+(SO4)211066899
Safflorite  (*)LöllingiteCoAs2364030401106611317
Sampleite  (*)NoneNaCaCu5(PO4)4Cl·5H2O31103103110665640
Sasaite  (*)NoneAl6(PO4)5(OH)3·36H2O31103103110665611
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)364030402106611,1066684894
Sillimanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2SiO53640304011066211516
Silver  (*)CopperAg364030405106611,106640,106644,106658,1066915186
Skutterudite  (*)Skutterudite PerovskiteCoAs3364030401106611531
Sobolevskite  (*)NickelinePdBi36403040110661644
Sperrylite  (*)PyritePtAs2364030401106616337
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS364030405106611,106615,106617,106628,10665821482
Spodumene  (*)PyroxeneLiAlSi2O6305030501106640688
Stibiconite  (*)PyrochloreSb3+Sb5+2O6(OH)364030401106647446
Stibnite  (*)StibniteSb2S3364030404106611,106616,106638,1066543418
Stichtite  (*)HydrotalciteMg6Cr2(CO3)(OH)16·4H2O364030406106628,106629,106631,106639,106645,10664643
Strengite  (*)NoneFe3+(PO4)·2H2O311031031106656263
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2364030405106611,106615,106618,106640,1066683337
Taranakite  (*)TaranakiteK3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2·18H2O31103103110665657
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO2106658,1066601101
Tetradymite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Te2S364030401106611510
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S13364030404106611,106658,106668,1066785317
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O11066584899
Todorokite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O311031031106656433
Tredouxite  (*)TapioliteNiSb2O63640304011066161
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)23110305011066402562
Trevorite  (*)SpinelNiFe3+2O436403040110661617
Tschermigite  (*)Alum(NH4)Al(SO4)2·12H2O110668981
Ullmannite  (*)UllmanniteNiSbS364030401106611293
Valleriite  (*)Valleriite2[(Fe,Cu)S]·1.53[(Mg,Al)(OH)2]364030401106611237
Variscite  (*)NoneAl(PO4)·2H2O311031031106656301
Violarite  (*)SpinelFeNi2S4364030402106611,106616380
Whitlockite  (*)CeriteCa9Mg(PO3OH)(PO4)6311031031106656104
Willemseite  (*)Clay TalcNi3Si4O10(OH)236403040110661615
Zoisite  (*)EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)3640304011066171025


10 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Hg-0002730433043       CinnabarHg3086Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa Pearton (1986); Cairncross (2004); Toulkeridis et al. (2010)   
Kristen002027357035103540±30Sm/Ndcrustal age      3086Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South AfricaBon Accord Ni Deposit, Barbertonde Wit et al. (1987)10.1016/0899-5362(87)90007-8JAES6_681 
Kristen002028353033903460±70Pb/Pb       3086Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South AfricaBon Accord Ni Deposit, Barbertonde Wit et al. (1987)10.1016/0899-5362(87)90007-8JAES6_681 
Kristen002029363032303430±200Rb/Sr       3086Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South AfricaBon Accord Ni Deposit, Barbertonde Wit et al. (1987)10.1016/0899-5362(87)90007-8JAES6_681age obtained from mineral density separates of basaltic komatite
Kristen002030364030403340±300K-Ar whole rock     3086Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South AfricaBon Accord Ni Deposit, Barbertonde Wit et al. (1987)10.1016/0899-5362(87)90007-8JAES6_681 
Kristen00203134193230 40Ar/39Ar       3086Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South AfricaBon Accord Ni Deposit, Barbertonde Wit et al. (1987)10.1016/0899-5362(87)90007-8JAES6_681 
Kristen00203234903450  age of pervasive metamorphismhigh      3086Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South AfricaBon Accord Ni Deposit, Barbertonde Wit et al. (1987)10.1016/0899-5362(87)90007-8JAES6_681 
Mo-0004935003100 U-Pb     MolybdeniteMo3086Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa Kakegawa and Ohmoto (1999); de Ronde et al. (1991; 1992); Armstrong et al. (1990)   
Grew_Li_2019_0102305030503050      Spodumene 49536New Consort Mine, Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South AfricaNew Consort gold mines, Barberton greenstone belt, South AfricaGrew et al. (2018)10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2686EJM30_205 
Kristen00247931103103   zircon, titanite     49536New Consort Mine, Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South AfricaNew Consort (Nelspruit)Tkachev (2011)10, 1144/SP350,2GSLSP350_7 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R140861Bon Accord, Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R140861
R140860Bon Accord, Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R140860
R061111Scotia Talc Deposit, Bon Accord, Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R061111
R061112Scotia Talc Deposit, Bon Accord, Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R061112
FKM-154New Amianthus Mine (Kaapsche Hoop Asbestos Mine), Kaapsche Hoop (Kaapsehoop), Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africahttps://www.rockptx.com/fkm-151-to-fkm-175/#FKM-154

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