Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa

Oldest recorded age at locality: 3640
Youngest recorded age at locality: 3040

mindat Locality ID: 3086
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-3086.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa": 36
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 34

Number of Child Localities: 29
Child Localities:
Agnes Mine
Barbrook Mine
Bon Accord
Eagles Nest Mine
ET Cons Mine
Eureka Siding
Fairview Mine
Florence-Devonian Mine
Fortuna Mine
French Bob's Mine
Kaalrug Farm
Kaapsche Hoop (Kaapsehoop)
Kalkkloof Asbestos Deposit
Lily Mine
Magnesite Siding
Maid Of The Mists Mine
Maid Of The Mountains Mine
Makwonja Mtn
Montrose Mine
Morning Mist Antimony Mine
Munnik-Myburgh Mine
New Consort Mine
Nooitgezien Farm
Pigg's Peak Reef
Princeton Mine
Sheba Mine
Sterkspruit Mine
Stolzburg
Zoodorst Farm

Latitude: 25°36'23"S
Longitude: 31°2'16"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -25.606388888889,31.037777777778
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Bi C Ca Co Cr Cu Fe H Hg K Li Mg Mo Na Ni O Pb Pd Pt Ru S Sb Si Sn Te Ti W Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ag Al As Bi C Ca Co Cu Fe H Mg Mo Ni O Pb S Sb Si Te Ti W Zn 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAmorphousAmphiboleAndalusiteAragoniteArsenicArsenopyriteBaryteBerthieriteBournonite
CalciteChalcopyriteChloriteChloritoidClayCobaltiteCopperCorundumCovelliteCubanite
DiasporeDigeniteEnargiteEpidoteFeldsparHydrotalciteLöllingiteLepidocrociteLudwigiteMalachite
MarcasiteMicaMilleriteMolybdeniteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupOlivinePentlanditePerovskite
PyritePyrochlorePyrophyllitePyroxeneQuartzRocksaltRutileScheeliteSerpentineSkutterudite
SphaleriteSpinelStanniteStibniteTalcTapioliteTetradymiteTetrahedriteUllmanniteValleriite
Wurtzite

107 IMA Minerals at location:
Acanthite  (*)Actinolite  (*)Albite  (*)Andalusite  (*)Anglesite  (*)
Ankerite  (*)Antimony  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Azurite  (*)Berthierite  (*)
Bindheimite  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bonaccordite  (*)Bornite  (*)Boulangerite  (*)
Bournonite  (*)Breithauptite  (*)Bunsenite  (*)Calcite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)
Cerussite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chloritoid  (*)Chromite  (*)
Chrysotile  (*)Cinnabar  (*)Cobaltite  (*)Cobaltpentlandite  (*)Cochromite  (*)
Copper  (*)Corundum  (*)Covellite  (*)Cubanite  (*)Digenite  (*)
Diopside  (*)Dolomite  (*)Enargite  (*)Famatinite  (*)Franklinite  (*)
Galena  (*)Gaspéite  (*)Godlevskite  (*)Goethite  (*)Gold  (*)
Graphite  (*)Greigite  (*)Heazlewoodite  (*)Hematite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)
Jamesonite  (*)Kotulskite  (*)Lepidocrocite  (*)Liebenbergite  (*)Linnaeite  (*)
Lizardite  (*)Löllingite  (*)Magnesite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)
Maldonite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Maucherite  (*)Millerite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)
Muscovite  (*)Népouite  (*)Nickel  (*)Nickeline  (*)Nickelskutterudite  (*)
Nimite  (*)Opal  (*)Orcelite  (*)Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)Pecoraite  (*)
Pentlandite  (*)Pyrargyrite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrophyllite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)
Quartz  (*)Reevesite  (*)Ruthenium  (*)Rutile  (*)Safflorite  (*)
Scheelite  (*)Sillimanite  (*)Silver  (*)Skutterudite  (*)Sobolevskite  (*)
Sperrylite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Spodumene  (*)Stibiconite  (*)Stibnite  (*)
Stichtite  (*)Talc  (*)Tetradymite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Tredouxite  (*)
Tremolite  (*)Trevorite  (*)Ullmannite  (*)Valleriite  (*)Violarite  (*)
Willemseite  (*)Zoisite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite  (*)AcanthiteAg2S3640304002793
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)23110305011066403419
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)3110305011066408803
Andalusite  (*)AndalusiteAl2SiO53640304011066151310
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)3640304002734
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)23640304003092
Antimony  (*)ArsenicSb364030403106638,106641,106647363
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS364030402106622,1066409052
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)23640304005509
Berthierite  (*)BerthieriteFeSb2S4364030400343
Bindheimite  (*)PyrochlorePb2Sb5+2O7364030400450
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi3110305011066401966
Bonaccordite  (*)LudwigiteNi2Fe3+O2(BO3)3640304011066161
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS43640304005516
Boulangerite  (*)NonePb5Sb4S11364030400843
Bournonite  (*)BournoniteCuPbSbS33640304001089
Breithauptite  (*)NickelineNiSb364030401106616175
Bunsenite  (*)RocksaltNiO3640304011066168
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)364030402106632,10664027770
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO23640304011066155171
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)3640304004979
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S3640304011066175707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2364030403106615,106617,10664027198
Chloritoid  (*)ChloritoidFe2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2364030401106615376
Chromite  (*)SpinelFe2+Cr2O43640304011066283902
Chrysotile  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)4364030402106628,106630951
Cinnabar  (*)NoneHgS3043304311066262600
Cobaltite  (*)CobaltiteCoAsS364030400966
Cobaltpentlandite  (*)PentlanditeCo9S836403040110662882
Cochromite  (*)SpinelCoCr2O43640304011066164
Copper  (*)CopperCu3640304003846
Corundum  (*)CorundumAl2O33640304001797
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS3640304011066174165
Cubanite  (*)Cubanite WurtziteCuFe2S3364030400802
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S3640304001027
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O63110305011066404135
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)2364030403106615,106632,1066409895
Enargite  (*)Enargite WurtziteCu3AsS4364030400910
Famatinite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu3SbS4364030400163
Franklinite  (*)SpinelZnFe3+2O436403040052
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS364030402106615,10661724243
Gaspéite  (*)CalciteNi(CO3)36403040110661622
Godlevskite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S836403040110662840
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)3640304011066167437
Gold  (*)CopperAu364030408106612,106616,106622,106624,106632,106640,106643,10664430554
Graphite  (*)NoneC3640304011066172812
Greigite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2S436403040062
Heazlewoodite  (*)NoneNi3S2364030401106628205
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3364030402106612,10661714640
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O33640304005433
Jamesonite  (*)NonePb4FeSb6S14364030400784
Kotulskite  (*)NickelinePd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4)364030401106616116
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)364030400581
Liebenbergite  (*)OlivineNi2(SiO4)3640304011066164
Linnaeite  (*)SpinelCo2+Co3+2S4364030400249
Lizardite  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)4364030400359
Löllingite  (*)LöllingiteFeAs2311030501106640762
Magnesite  (*)CalciteMg(CO3)3640304011066331487
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4364030402106617,10663014899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)236403040012537
Maldonite  (*)NoneAu2Bi31103050110664088
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS23640304005674
Maucherite  (*)NoneNi11As8364030400161
Millerite  (*)MilleriteNiS3640304011066161066
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS23500310005800
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2364030403106615,106622,10664017380
Népouite  (*)Serpentine ClayNi3Si2O5(OH)436403040110661666
Nickel  (*)CopperNi36403040057
Nickeline  (*)NickelineNiAs364030400633
Nickelskutterudite  (*)Skutterudite Perovskite(Ni,Co,Fe)As3364030400176
Nimite  (*)Chlorite Clay(Ni,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)836403040110661615
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O3640304011066162994
Orcelite  (*)NoneNi5-xAs2 (x = 0.25)36403040110661636
Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)PyriteNiAsS364030401106616767
Pecoraite  (*)Clay SerpentineNi3Si2O5(OH)436403040110662840
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S8364030403106616,106617,1066281512
Pyrargyrite  (*)NoneAg3SbS33640304001425
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2364030409106612,106615,106616,106617,106622,106632,106640,106643,10664439462
Pyrophyllite  (*)Clay PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2364030401106615771
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S8364030404106615,106616,106617,1066409056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2364030405106615,106617,106624,106640,10664361156
Reevesite  (*)HydrotalciteNi6Fe3+2(CO3)(OH)16·4H2O36403040110661648
Ruthenium  (*)NoneRu36403040110661646
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO23110305011066405614
Safflorite  (*)LöllingiteCoAs2364030400317
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)3640304004894
Sillimanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2SiO53640304011066211516
Silver  (*)CopperAg364030402106640,1066445186
Skutterudite  (*)Skutterudite PerovskiteCoAs3364030400531
Sobolevskite  (*)NickelinePdBi36403040110661644
Sperrylite  (*)PyritePtAs2364030401106616337
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS364030403106615,106617,10662821482
Spodumene  (*)PyroxeneLiAlSi2O6305030501106640688
Stibiconite  (*)PyrochloreSb3+Sb5+2O6(OH)364030401106647446
Stibnite  (*)StibniteSb2S3364030402106616,1066383418
Stichtite  (*)HydrotalciteMg6Cr2(CO3)(OH)16·4H2O364030406106628,106629,106631,106639,106645,10664643
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2364030403106615,106618,1066403337
Tetradymite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Te2S364030400510
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S133640304005317
Tredouxite  (*)TapioliteNiSb2O63640304011066161
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)23110305011066402562
Trevorite  (*)SpinelNiFe3+2O436403040110661617
Ullmannite  (*)UllmanniteNiSbS364030400293
Valleriite  (*)Valleriite2[(Fe,Cu)S]·1.53[(Mg,Al)(OH)2]364030400237
Violarite  (*)SpinelFeNi2S4364030401106616380
Willemseite  (*)Clay TalcNi3Si4O10(OH)236403040110661615
Zoisite  (*)EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)3640304011066171025


10 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Hg-0002730433043       CinnabarHg3086Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa Pearton (1986); Cairncross (2004); Toulkeridis et al. (2010)   
Kristen002027357035103540±30Sm/Ndcrustal age      3086Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South AfricaBon Accord Ni Deposit, Barbertonde Wit et al. (1987)10.1016/0899-5362(87)90007-8JAES6_681 
Kristen002028353033903460±70Pb/Pb       3086Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South AfricaBon Accord Ni Deposit, Barbertonde Wit et al. (1987)10.1016/0899-5362(87)90007-8JAES6_681 
Kristen002029363032303430±200Rb/Sr       3086Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South AfricaBon Accord Ni Deposit, Barbertonde Wit et al. (1987)10.1016/0899-5362(87)90007-8JAES6_681age obtained from mineral density separates of basaltic komatite
Kristen002030364030403340±300K-Ar whole rock     3086Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South AfricaBon Accord Ni Deposit, Barbertonde Wit et al. (1987)10.1016/0899-5362(87)90007-8JAES6_681 
Kristen00203134193230 40Ar/39Ar       3086Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South AfricaBon Accord Ni Deposit, Barbertonde Wit et al. (1987)10.1016/0899-5362(87)90007-8JAES6_681 
Kristen00203234903450  age of pervasive metamorphismhigh      3086Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South AfricaBon Accord Ni Deposit, Barbertonde Wit et al. (1987)10.1016/0899-5362(87)90007-8JAES6_681 
Mo-0004935003100 U-Pb     MolybdeniteMo3086Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa Kakegawa and Ohmoto (1999); de Ronde et al. (1991; 1992); Armstrong et al. (1990)   
Grew_Li_2019_0102305030503050      Spodumene 49536New Consort Mine, Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South AfricaNew Consort gold mines, Barberton greenstone belt, South AfricaGrew et al. (2018)10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2686EJM30_205 
Kristen00247931103103   zircon, titanite     49536New Consort Mine, Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South AfricaNew Consort (Nelspruit)Tkachev (2011)10, 1144/SP350,2GSLSP350_7 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R140861Bon Accord, Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R140861
R140860Bon Accord, Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R140860
R061111Scotia Talc Deposit, Bon Accord, Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R061111
R061112Scotia Talc Deposit, Bon Accord, Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R061112
FKM-154New Amianthus Mine (Kaapsche Hoop Asbestos Mine), Kaapsche Hoop (Kaapsehoop), Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africahttps://www.rockptx.com/fkm-151-to-fkm-175/#FKM-154

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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