Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Midlands, Zimbabwe

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2710
Youngest recorded age at locality: 491

mindat Locality ID: 26322
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-26322.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Midlands, Zimbabwe": 60
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 45

Number of Child Localities: 8
Child Localities:
Gokwe North District
Gokwe South
Gweru District (Gwelo District)
Kwekwe District (Que Que District)
Mberengwa District
Mweza Range (Wedja)
Shurugwi District (Selukwe District)
Zvishavane District

Latitude: 19°47'49"S
Longitude: 29°46'53"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -19.796944444444,29.781388888889
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As Au B Ba Be Bi C Ca Co Cr Cu F Fe H Ir K Mg Na Nb Ni O P Pb Pd Pt Rh Ru S Sb Si Ta Te Ti U Y Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAluniteAmphiboleAndalusiteAragoniteArsenicArsenopyriteBaryteBerthieriteBeryl
BournoniteBruciteCalciteChalcopyriteChalcostibiteClayColumbiteCopperCorundumCovellite
DiamondDiasporeDigeniteFeldsparHydrotalciteMalachiteMeloniteMicaMilariteMillerite
NickelineNoneNot in a structural groupOlivinePentlanditePerovskitePyritePyroxeneQuartzRocksalt
RutileSerpentineSkutteruditeSphaleriteSpinelStauroliteStibniteTalcTetrahedriteTopaz
TourmalineUllmanniteValleriiteZircon

97 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Aegirine-augite  (*)Albite  (*)Andalusite  (*)Ankerite  (*)
Antigorite  (*)Antimony  (*)Arfvedsonite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Augite  (*)
Aurostibite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)Berthierite  (*)Beryl  (*)
Bismuthinite  (*)Bornite  (*)Bournonite  (*)Braggite  (*)Brucite  (*)
Calcite  (*)Cerussite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chalcostibite  (*)
Chromite  (*)Chrysoberyl  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Chrysotile  (*)Cooperite  (*)
Corundum  (*)Covellite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Diamond  (*)Diaspore  (*)
Digenite  (*)Dioptase  (*)Galena  (*)Gaspéite  (*)Gold  (*)
Gorceixite  (*)Gudmundite  (*)Hematite  (*)Hollingworthite  (*)Hydromagnesite  (*)
Ilmenite  (*)Irarsite  (*)Iridium  (*)Jamesonite  (*)Kermesite  (*)
Kotulskite  (*)Kyanite  (*)Laurite  (*)Linnaeite  (*)Magnesite  (*)
Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Maslovite  (*)Merenskyite  (*)Michenerite  (*)
Microcline  (*)Milarite  (*)Millerite  (*)Moncheite  (*)Muscovite  (*)
Nickeline  (*)Nickelskutterudite  (*)Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)Pentlandite  (*)Phlogopite  (*)
Platarsite  (*)Platinum  (*)Polarite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)
Quartz  (*)Riebeckite  (*)Ruarsite  (*)Rutile  (*)Schorl  (*)
Siderite  (*)Sperrylite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Staurolite  (*)Stibnite  (*)
Stichtite  (*)Talc  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Topaz  (*)Tremolite  (*)
Vaesite  (*)Valleriite  (*)Violarite  (*)Winchite  (*)Xenotime-(Y)  (*)
Yttrotantalite-(Y)  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)22710270012955393419
Aegirine-augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Na)(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O61295581286
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)3295554,295566,2955818803
Andalusite  (*)AndalusiteAl2SiO553149112955431310
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)212955503092
Antigorite  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)41295579708
Antimony  (*)ArsenicSb2295545,295557363
Arfvedsonite  (*)AmphiboleNaNa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)21295581295
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS7295538,295546,295550,295554,295557,295562,2955649052
Augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O612955802060
Aurostibite  (*)PyriteAuSb2129555773
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)22295561,2955635509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)2710491129552811547
Berthierite  (*)BerthieriteFeSb2S41295557343
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O185314913295543,295544,2955664286
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S312955381935
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS42700270012955345516
Bournonite  (*)BournoniteCuPbSbS312955501089
Braggite  (*)NonePdPt3S42295576,295580101
Brucite  (*)BruciteMg(OH)21295545462
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)271027003295539,295556,29555727770
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)12955254979
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S271027004295525,295533,295534,2955505707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2271027008295533,295534,295538,295550,295557,295576,295580,29558227198
Chalcostibite  (*)ChalcostibiteCuSbS21295555162
Chromite  (*)SpinelFe2+Cr2O427104914295533,295543,295575,2955763902
Chrysoberyl  (*)OlivineBeAl2O45314912295543,295544321
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O2295561,2955793531
Chrysotile  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)42295576,295579951
Cooperite  (*)NonePtS3295576,295580,295583124
Corundum  (*)CorundumAl2O35314914295528,295543,295544,2955711797
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS2700270012955344165
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O12955732970
Diamond  (*)DiamondC5314914295530,295543,295544,295581697
Diaspore  (*)DiasporeAlO(OH)1295574481
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S2700270012955341027
Dioptase  (*)NoneCuSiO3·H2O2295525,295561164
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS4295538,295550,295551,29558224243
Gaspéite  (*)CalciteNi(CO3)27102700129553322
Gold  (*)CopperAu53149118295532,295538,295543,295546,295548,295549,295550,295551,295554,295555,295557,295559,295560,295564,295572,295576,295580,29558230554
Gorceixite  (*)AluniteBaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)65314911295543121
Gudmundite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeSbS1295557170
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O34295550,295569,295576,29558114640
Hollingworthite  (*)UllmanniteRhAsS2295576,295580119
Hydromagnesite  (*)NoneMg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O1295578341
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O35314913295543,295554,2955765433
Irarsite  (*)PyriteIrAsS1295580154
Iridium  (*)CopperIr5314911295543162
Jamesonite  (*)NonePb4FeSb6S141295555784
Kermesite  (*)NoneSb2OS22295546,295559230
Kotulskite  (*)NickelinePd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4)1295576116
Kyanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2OSiO45314912295543,2955441507
Laurite  (*)PyriteRuS22295576,295580226
Linnaeite  (*)SpinelCo2+Co3+2S4270027002295534,295550249
Magnesite  (*)CalciteMg(CO3)12955551487
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4271027006295533,295550,295555,295557,295559,29557614899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)22295561,29556312537
Maslovite  (*)PyritePtBiTe2295576,29558023
Merenskyite  (*)MelonitePdTe21295580155
Michenerite  (*)UllmannitePdBiTe2295576,295580114
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)12955664924
Milarite  (*)MilariteKCa2(Be2AlSi12)O30·H2O270027001295534156
Millerite  (*)MilleriteNiS271027002295533,2955341066
Moncheite  (*)MelonitePt(Te,Bi)22295576,295580133
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)25295532,295554,295557,295566,29558117380
Nickeline  (*)NickelineNiAs271027001295539633
Nickelskutterudite  (*)Skutterudite Perovskite(Ni,Co,Fe)As3271027001295539176
Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)PyriteNiAsS271027004295533,295538,295550,295575767
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S8271027005295533,295534,295542,295576,2955801512
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)212955662273
Platarsite  (*)PyritePtAsS129558044
Platinum  (*)CopperPt5314911295543485
Polarite  (*)NonePd(Bi,Pb)129557610
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS22710270014295532,295533,295534,295538,295542,295546,295550,295551,295554,295555,295557,295564,295580,29558239462
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S8271027008295533,295534,295538,295542,295555,295557,295576,2955809056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO253149114295532,295538,295543,295546,295548,295550,295551,295554,295555,295557,295559,295564,295566,29558161156
Riebeckite  (*)Amphibole   Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)21295581375
Ruarsite  (*)NoneRuAsS129558025
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO25314913295543,295544,2955545614
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)53149112955432705
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)12955506417
Sperrylite  (*)PyritePtAs23295576,295580,295583337
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS4295538,295550,295551,29555721482
Staurolite  (*)StauroliteFe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)5314912295543,295544978
Stibnite  (*)StibniteSb2S35295546,295551,295555,295557,2955593418
Stichtite  (*)HydrotalciteMg6Cr2(CO3)(OH)16·4H2O129557943
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2271027006295533,295534,295538,295550,295555,2955813337
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S132295550,2955515317
Topaz  (*)TopazAl2SiO4F25314912295543,2955441476
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)2271027002295533,2955382562
Vaesite  (*)PyriteNiS2270027001295534106
Valleriite  (*)Valleriite2[(Fe,Cu)S]·1.53[(Mg,Al)(OH)2]271027001295533237
Violarite  (*)SpinelFeNi2S4271027001295533380
Winchite  (*)Amphibole   (NaCa)(Mg4Al)Si8O22(OH)2129558151
Xenotime-(Y)  (*)ZirconY(PO4)1295554939
Yttrotantalite-(Y)  (*)Columbite(Y,U,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)(O,OH)4129555251
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)5314912295543,2955545251


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Michelle_703Ni-Cu sulfides in komatiite
Michelle_704Ni-Cu sulfides in komatiite


5 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
DeepDive-Co-0043270027002700        231945Epoch Mine, Gweru District (Gwelo District), Midlands, ZimbabweEpochPirajno and González-Álvarez (2013)10.1016/j.oregeorev.2012.11.005OGR52_58 
Michelle_703270027002700 Age of deposit or general age of the metallogenic province     Ni, Cu231947Hunters Road Deposit, Gweru District (Gwelo District), Midlands, ZimbabweHunter's RoadHoatson et al. (2006)10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.05.002OGR29_177See Table. 1 Global resources of nickel metal and ages of the major nickel sulfide deposits of the world. Age can refer to the age of a specific nickel sulfide deposit, or the general age of the metallogenic province containing nickel deposits that are similar to a dated deposit (e.g. 2705 Ma Komatiite-hosted deposits in the Eastern Goldfields Province).
EG105_1057_031271027002710-2700       Ni, Cu, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Os, Ru21638Shangani Mine, Gweru District (Gwelo District), Midlands, ZimbabweTati, Shangani, etcBegg et al. (2010)10.2113/econgeo.105.6.1057EG105_1057 
Michelle_704270027002700 Age of deposit or general age of the metallogenic province     Ni, Cu21638Shangani Mine, Gweru District (Gwelo District), Midlands, ZimbabweShanganiHoatson et al. (2006)10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.05.002OGR29_177See Table. 1 Global resources of nickel metal and ages of the major nickel sulfide deposits of the world. Age can refer to the age of a specific nickel sulfide deposit, or the general age of the metallogenic province containing nickel deposits that are similar to a dated deposit (e.g. 2705 Ma Komatiite-hosted deposits in the Eastern Goldfields Province).
Alexandra-0254531491511±20U-PbAge of Nb-Ta mineralizationtapiolite, columbite-(fe), tantalite-(fe)27   Ta, Nb4356Somabula, Gweru District (Gwelo District), Midlands, ZimbabweSomabulaMelcher et al. (2015)10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.09.003OGR64_667 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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