Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Sofia City Province, Bulgaria

Oldest recorded age at locality: 91.6
Youngest recorded age at locality: 75

mindat Locality ID: 26393
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-26393.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Sofia City Province, Bulgaria": 40
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 25

Number of Child Localities: 20
Child Localities:
Bankya Obshtina
Botevgrad
Buhovo-Seslavtsi Pluton
Chelopech
Dolna Kamenitsa Vein
Dolni Okol
Ihtimanska Sredna Gora (Ikhtiman Sredna Gora)
Karlievo Porphyry Copper Deposit
Kashana Barite Deposit
Koprivshtitsa
Kremikova Deposit
Kremikovtsi
Negarshtitsa Deposit
Osenovlak Deposit
Samokov Obshtina
Sofiya Obshtina (Sofia Obshtina)
Svoge Obshtina
Venetsa Deposit
Vitosha Mt
Zverino

Latitude: 42°41'14"N
Longitude: 23°44'6"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 42.687222222222,23.735
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Be Bi C Ca Cl Co Cu F Fe Ga Ge H Hg K La Mg Mn Mo Na Nd Ni O P Pb S Sb Se Si Sn Sr Te Th Ti V W Y Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ca Fe H O P 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AdeliteAllophaneAluniteAmorphousAmphiboleAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArsenicArseniosiderite
BaryteBerylBournoniteBrackebuschiteBrochantiteBrookiteCalciteChalcopyriteChalcostibiteChlorite
ClayClinozoisiteCobaltiteCopperCoronaditeCorundumCovelliteDiasporeDigeniteEnargite
EpidoteFeldsparFluoriteGeocroniteGermaniteGypsumKaoliniteLöllingiteLepidocrociteLillianite
LinariteMalachiteMarcasiteMeloniteMeneghiniteMicaMilleriteMixiteMolybdeniteNatrolite
NickelineNoneNot in a structural groupOxalatePharmacosideritePrehnitePyritePyrophyllitePyroxeneQuartz
RhabdophaneRocksaltRutileScheeliteSerpentineSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelStanniteStannoidite
StarkeyiteStibniteTetradymiteTetrahedriteTitaniteTourmalineTyroliteWurtziteZircon

175 IMA Minerals at location:
Agardite-(La)  (*)Agardite-(Nd)  (*)Agardite-(Y)  (*)Aikinite  (*)Albite  (*)
Alloclasite  (*)Altaite  (*)Alunite  (*)Anapaite  (*)Anatase  (*)
Andalusite  (*)Anglesite  (*)Anhydrite  (*)Ankerite  (*)Aragonite  (*)
Arseniosiderite  (*)Arsentsumebite  (*)Augite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Beidellite  (*)Berthierine  (*)Beryl  (*)Betekhtinite  (*)Bismuth  (*)
Bismuthinite  (*)Bornite  (*)Bournonite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Brookite  (*)
Calaverite  (*)Calcite  (*)Celadonite  (*)Celestine  (*)Cerussite  (*)
Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chalcostibite  (*)Chamosite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)
Cinnabar  (*)Clausthalite  (*)Clinochlore  (*)Clinoclase  (*)Cobaltite  (*)
Coloradoite  (*)Colusite  (*)Conichalcite  (*)Copper  (*)Cornubite  (*)
Cornwallite  (*)Coronadite  (*)Corundum  (*)Covellite  (*)Crandallite  (*)
Cryptomelane  (*)Diaspore  (*)Dickite  (*)Digenite  (*)Dolomite  (*)
Dravite  (*)Emplectite  (*)Enargite  (*)Epidote  (*)Eucairite  (*)
Euchroite  (*)Famatinite  (*)Ferro-katophorite  (*)Fluorite  (*)Foitite  (*)
Galena  (*)Gallite  (*)Gartrellite  (*)Geocronite  (*)Goethite  (*)
Gold  (*)Goldfieldite  (*)Grayite  (*)Guanajuatite  (*)Gustavite  (*)
Gypsum  (*)Hematite  (*)Hemimorphite  (*)Hemusite  (*)Hessite  (*)
Hollandite  (*)Idaite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Jarosite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)
Kawazulite  (*)Kësterite  (*)Kolfanite  (*)Kostovite  (*)Krennerite  (*)
Krupkaite  (*)Kutnohorite  (*)Laumontite  (*)Lepidocrocite  (*)Lillianite  (*)
Linarite  (*)Luzonite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Manganite  (*)
Marcasite  (*)Mawsonite  (*)Microcline  (*)Millerite  (*)Mimetite  (*)
Molybdenite  (*)Montbrayite  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Nagyágite  (*)
Natroalunite  (*)Nekrasovite  (*)Neotocite  (*)Norsethite  (*)Olivenite  (*)
Opal  (*)Orthoclase  (*)Paraschachnerite  (*)Parnauite  (*)Petzite  (*)
Pharmacosiderite  (*)Phlogopite  (*)Pigeonite  (*)Potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite  (*)Prehnite  (*)
Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Pyrophyllite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)
Ranciéite  (*)Renierite  (*)Rhodochrosite  (*)Romanèchite  (*)Rosasite  (*)
Rozenite  (*)Rutile  (*)Schapbachite  (*)Scheelite  (*)Schorl  (*)
Scolecite  (*)Segnitite  (*)Siderite  (*)Silver  (*)Smithsonite  (*)
Součekite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Stannite  (*)Stannoidite  (*)Stibiocolusite  (*)
Stibnite  (*)Stolzite  (*)Strashimirite  (*)Sulvanite  (*)Svanbergite  (*)
Sylvanite  (*)Tellurium  (*)Tellurobismuthite  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)Tetradymite  (*)
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Titanite  (*)Todorokite  (*)Tyrolite  (*)Weddellite  (*)
Witherite  (*)Wittichenite  (*)Woodhouseite  (*)Zircon  (*)Zunyite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Agardite-(La)  (*)MixiteLaCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O12908833
Agardite-(Nd)  (*)MixiteNdCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O12908818
Agardite-(Y)  (*)MixiteYCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O12908890
Aikinite  (*)MeneghiniteCuPbBiS391.691.3229072,29073315
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)91.691.3429072,29080,29084,291028803
Alloclasite  (*)LöllingiteCoAsS12906856
Altaite  (*)RocksaltPbTe91.691.3129072489
Alunite  (*)NoneKAl3(SO4)2(OH)691.691.3329066,29071,29072966
Anapaite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa2Fe2+(PO4)2·4H2O91.675025
Anatase  (*)Not in a structural groupTiO291.691.3229072,291012162
Andalusite  (*)AndalusiteAl2SiO51290911310
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)1290982734
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)91.675329066,29072,290941588
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)291.691.3329072,29086,290933092
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)229086,290983250
Arseniosiderite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3O2(AsO4)3·3H2O129097194
Arsentsumebite  (*)BrackebuschitePb2Cu(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)12909737
Augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O61290932060
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2529081,29086,29088,29097,290995509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)91.691.3829072,29073,29082,29086,29097,29098,29099,2910311547
Beidellite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O12908685
Berthierine  (*)Clay Serpentine(Fe2+,Fe3+,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)412908659
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O181290804286
Betekhtinite  (*)None(Cu,Fe)21Pb2S1591.691.312907245
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi91.691.3229072,290731966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S391.691.3229072,290731935
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS491.675429072,29073,29081,290945516
Bournonite  (*)BournoniteCuPbSbS31290661089
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)61290861633
Brookite  (*)BrookiteTiO2129101700
Calaverite  (*)MeloniteAuTe291.691.3129072361
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)91.691.3429072,29086,29093,2909827770
Celadonite  (*)Mica ClayKMgFe3+Si4O10(OH)291.691.3229072,29088309
Celestine  (*)BaryteSr(SO4)1290981252
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)1290884979
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S91.691.3229072,290735707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS291.6751029066,29068,29072,29073,29081,29082,29086,29093,29094,2910327198
Chalcostibite  (*)ChalcostibiteCuSbS291.691.3129073162
Chamosite  (*)Chlorite Clay(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8129086577
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O229088,290973531
Cinnabar  (*)NoneHgS1290852600
Clausthalite  (*)RocksaltPbSe91.691.3129072281
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)81290931756
Clinoclase  (*)NoneCu3(AsO4)(OH)3129097127
Cobaltite  (*)CobaltiteCoAsS7775229068,29094966
Coloradoite  (*)SphaleriteHgTe91.691.3129072169
Colusite  (*)Sphalerite GermaniteCu13VAs3S1691.691.3129072110
Conichalcite  (*)AdeliteCaCu(AsO4)(OH)229097,29099363
Copper  (*)CopperCu329081,29086,290933846
Cornubite  (*)NoneCu5(AsO4)2(OH)4229097,29099109
Cornwallite  (*)NoneCu5(AsO4)2(OH)4229097,29099175
Coronadite  (*)CoronaditePb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16129086227
Corundum  (*)CorundumAl2O31290911797
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS91.691.3329072,29073,290814165
Crandallite  (*)AluniteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)691.691.3129072310
Cryptomelane  (*)CoronaditeK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16129086599
Diaspore  (*)DiasporeAlO(OH)91.691.3229066,29072481
Dickite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)491.691.3229066,29072651
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S91.691.31290721027
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)2329086,29093,290989895
Dravite  (*)TourmalineNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)129076648
Emplectite  (*)ChalcostibiteCuBiS291.691.3129073246
Enargite  (*)Enargite WurtziteCu3AsS491.691.3129072910
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)91.675429072,29086,29094,291018173
Eucairite  (*)NoneCuAgSe91.691.312907254
Euchroite  (*)NoneCu2(AsO4)(OH)·3H2O12909724
Famatinite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu3SbS491.691.3129072163
Ferro-katophorite  (*)AmphiboleNa(NaCa)(Fe2+4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)212909338
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF291.691.3329072,29073,290989617
Foitite  (*)Tourmaline   (Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)12909175
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS91.6751129066,29068,29072,29073,29081,29082,29086,29093,29094,29098,2910324243
Gallite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuGaS291.691.31290727
Gartrellite  (*)NonePbCuFe3+(AsO4)2(OH)·H2O12909741
Geocronite  (*)GeocronitePb14Sb6S23129066133
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)429081,29086,29097,290997437
Gold  (*)CopperAu91.691.3329072,29073,2908730554
Goldfieldite  (*)Tetrahedrite(Cu4   2)Cu6Te4S1391.691.312907272
Grayite  (*)Rhabdophane(Th,Pb,Ca)(PO4)·H2O12908017
Guanajuatite  (*)StibniteBi2Se391.691.312907337
Gustavite  (*)LillianiteAgPbBi3S691.691.3129072113
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O91.675529066,29072,29094,29098,291026890
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O312908614640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O1290881689
Hemusite  (*)SphaleriteCu1+4Cu2+2SnMoS891.691.31290727
Hessite  (*)NoneAg2Te91.691.3129072804
Hollandite  (*)CoronaditeBa(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16129086243
Idaite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu3FeS491.691.3129072142
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O31290915433
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)61290882228
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)491.675429066,29072,29086,290945591
Kawazulite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Te2Se91.691.312907232
Kësterite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2ZnSnS491.691.312907282
Kolfanite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3O2(AsO4)3·2H2O1290977
Kostovite  (*)NoneAuCuTe491.691.312907221
Krennerite  (*)NoneAu3AgTe891.691.3129072111
Krupkaite  (*)MeneghinitePbCuBi3S691.691.312907280
Kutnohorite  (*)NoneCaMn2+(CO3)2129086234
Laumontite  (*)Not in a structural groupCaAl2Si4O12·4H2O229093,291021271
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)129086581
Lillianite  (*)LillianitePb3-2xAgxBi2+xS691.691.3129072128
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)2129097987
Luzonite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu3AsS491.691.3129072198
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O491.675429066,29073,29081,2909414899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2529081,29086,29088,29097,2909912537
Manganite  (*)RutileMn3+O(OH)129086770
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS291.691.3529066,29068,29072,29073,290865674
Mawsonite  (*)NoneCu6Fe2SnS891.691.312907292
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)329080,29084,291024924
Millerite  (*)MilleriteNiS91.691.31290731066
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl1290971107
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS291.675329073,29081,290945800
Montbrayite  (*)None(Au,Ag,Sb,Bi,Pb)23(Te,Sb,Bi,Pb)3891.691.312907219
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O1290931508
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)291.6751129066,29071,29072,29073,29082,29084,29086,29091,29093,29094,2910217380
Nagyágite  (*)None[Pb3(Pb,Sb)3S6](Au,Te)391.691.312907267
Natroalunite  (*)AluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)691.691.3129072128
Nekrasovite  (*)Germanite SphaleriteCu13VSn3S1691.691.312907211
Neotocite  (*)Allophane(Mn,Fe)SiO3·H2O (?)129086186
Norsethite  (*)NoneBaMg(CO3)212908630
Olivenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(AsO4)(OH)229097,29099492
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O1290932994
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)1290912349
Paraschachnerite  (*)NoneAg3Hg212908511
Parnauite  (*)NoneCu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10·7H2O129097105
Petzite  (*)NoneAg3AuTe291.691.3129072409
Pharmacosiderite  (*)PharmacosideriteKFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·6-7H2O229097,29099428
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)21291022273
Pigeonite  (*)Pyroxene(Mg,Fe,Ca)2Si2O6129093303
Potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite  (*)AmphiboleKNa2(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)212906910
Prehnite  (*)PrehniteCa2Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)2329093,29101,291021898
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS291.6751129066,29068,29072,29073,29081,29082,29086,29087,29093,29094,2910339462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO21290863106
Pyrophyllite  (*)Clay PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)291.691.3329066,29072,29086771
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S891.691.3429066,29068,29073,290869056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO291.691.31029066,29071,29072,29073,29082,29084,29086,29091,29093,2910161156
Ranciéite  (*)None(Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2·0.6H2O129086177
Renierite  (*)Sphalerite Germanite(Cu1+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S1691.691.312907237
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)1290861711
Romanèchite  (*)None(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10229086,29088312
Rosasite  (*)MalachiteCuZn(CO3)(OH)2129086454
Rozenite  (*)StarkeyiteFe2+(SO4)·4H2O129088293
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO291.691.3229072,290935614
Schapbachite  (*)RocksaltAg0.4Pb0.2Bi0.4S12906814
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)1291024894
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)229091,291002705
Scolecite  (*)NatroliteCa(Si3Al2)O10·3H2O129102390
Segnitite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6129086134
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)1290866417
Silver  (*)CopperAg1290855186
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)1290882473
Součekite  (*)BournoniteCuPbBi(S,Se)391.691.31290726
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS91.6751029066,29068,29072,29073,29081,29082,29086,29093,29094,2910321482
Stannite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2FeSnS491.691.3129072668
Stannoidite  (*)StannoiditeCu8(Fe,Zn)3Sn2S1291.691.312907280
Stibiocolusite  (*)Germanite SphaleriteCu13V(Sb,Sn,As)3S1691.691.31290724
Stibnite  (*)StibniteSb2S31290983418
Stolzite  (*)ScheelitePb(WO4)129098156
Strashimirite  (*)NoneCu4(AsO4)2(OH)2·2.5H2O229097,2909990
Sulvanite  (*)NoneCu3VS491.691.312907248
Svanbergite  (*)AluniteSrAl3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)691.691.3229066,29072105
Sylvanite  (*)MeloniteAgAuTe491.691.3129072337
Tellurium  (*)NoneTe91.691.3129072190
Tellurobismuthite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Te391.691.3129072276
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S1391.675829066,29068,29072,29073,29086,29094,29097,290991803
Tetradymite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Te2S91.691.3229072,29073510
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S1391.691.3429066,29073,29086,290995317
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O329091,29101,291024899
Todorokite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O129086433
Tyrolite  (*)TyroliteCa2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8·11H2O229097,29099245
Weddellite  (*)OxalateCa(C2O4)·2H2O12910032
Witherite  (*)AragoniteBa(CO3)129086251
Wittichenite  (*)NoneCu3BiS391.691.3129072297
Woodhouseite  (*)AluniteCaAl3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)691.691.3229066,2907262
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)229091,290935251
Zunyite  (*)NoneAl13Si5O20(OH,F)18Cl91.691.312907286


2 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Mo-0015591.691.3 U-Pb     HemusiteMo16254Chelopech Au-Cu Mine, Chelopech, Sofia City Province, Bulgaria Chamberfort et al. (2007)10.1007/s00126-007-0126-6MD42_665 
PorphCu-00286777577–75      Bornite, Chalcopyrite, Cobaltite, Epidote, Galena, Kaolinite, Magnetite, Molybdenite, Pyrite, SphaleriteCu205799Plana Cu Deposit, Sofiya Obshtina (Sofia Obshtina), Sofia City Province, BulgariaPlanaSinger et al. (2008) USGSOFR2008_1155 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R070282Chelopech Au-Cu Mine, Chelopech, Sofia City Province, Bulgariahttps://rruff.info/R070282

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