Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Shimane, Japan

Oldest recorded age at locality: 84.7
Youngest recorded age at locality: 15

mindat Locality ID: 29027
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-29027.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Shimane, Japan": 72
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 48

Number of Child Localities: 27
Child Localities:
Dogo Island
Gotsu City
Hamada City
Hino-gohri
Hirose
Hohka Mine
Hube
Iishi District
Ino Mine
Izumo City
Kabe Mine
Karakawa Mine
Masuda
Matsue City
Nichihara
Nita-gohri
Noyamadake
Ochi District
Ōda City
Oki Islands
Okuizumo-cho
Shimane Peninsula
Tamatsukuri (Yumachi)
Toyoka Mine
Tsuwano
Unnan City
Yasugi City

Latitude: 35°3'16"N
Longitude: 132°35'12"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 35.054444444444,132.58666666667
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au Ba Bi C Ca Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Mo Na Ni O Pb S Sb Si Sn Sr Te Ti U W Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAmphiboleAnalcimeAndalusiteAragoniteArgyroditeArsenicArsenopyriteBaryteBerthierite
BerylCalciteChabaziteChalcopyriteChloriteClayClinozoisiteCopperCorundumCovellite
DiasporeEpidoteFeldsparGarnetGismondineGypsumHarmotomeHumiteHydrotalciteIlvaite
KaoliniteLawsoniteLévyneMalachiteMarcasiteMeliliteMicaMolybdeniteNatroliteNickeline
NoneNot in a structural groupOlivinePentlanditePrehnitePumpellyitePyritePyroxeneQuartzRhodonite
RocksaltRutileSapphirineScheeliteSchoepiteSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelStanniteStannoidite
TetradymiteTitaniteTopazTridymiteVesuvianiteWollastoniteWoodwarditeZirconhauchecornite

120 IMA Minerals at location:
Acanthite  (*)Actinolite  (*)Aegirine  (*)Aenigmatite  (*)Åkermanite  (*)
Alabandite  (*)Albite  (*)Aleksite  (*)Analcime  (*)Andalusite  (*)
Andradite  (*)Anorthite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Arsenic  (*)Arsenohauchecornite  (*)
Arsenopyrite  (*)Augite  (*)Azurite  (*)Babingtonite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Bementite  (*)Benavidesite  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bismutohauchecornite  (*)Bornite  (*)
Calcite  (*)Canfieldite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)Celestine  (*)Cerussite  (*)
Chabazite-Ca  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chondrodite  (*)Clerite  (*)
Clinochlore  (*)Clinozoisite  (*)Copper  (*)Cordierite  (*)Corundum  (*)
Covellite  (*)Cowlesite  (*)Diopside  (*)Dioptase  (*)Enstatite  (*)
Epidote  (*)Ferrimolybdite  (*)Ferro-katophorite  (*)Ferrobustamite  (*)Gahnite  (*)
Galena  (*)Garronite-Ca  (*)Gismondine  (*)Gobbinsite  (*)Goethite  (*)
Gold  (*)Gonnardite  (*)Graphite  (*)Grossular  (*)Gypsum  (*)
Hedenbergite  (*)Hematite  (*)Hercynite  (*)Hessite  (*)Hydrowoodwardite  (*)
Ilmenite  (*)Ilvaite  (*)Joséite-B  (*)Julgoldite-(Fe2+)  (*)Kaersutite  (*)
Kaolinite  (*)Lawsonite  (*)Lévyne-Ca  (*)Mackinawite  (*)Magnetite  (*)
Malachite  (*)Malayaite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Mawsonite  (*)Metaschoepite  (*)
Molybdenite  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Nepheline  (*)Pentlandite  (*)
Phillipsite-Ca  (*)Phillipsite-K  (*)Phlogopite  (*)Piemontite  (*)Powellite  (*)
Prehnite  (*)Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)  (*)Pyrargyrite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)
Quartz  (*)Realgar  (*)Rhodochrosite  (*)Rhodonite  (*)Rhönite  (*)
Scheelite  (*)Scorodite  (*)Shattuckite  (*)Siderite  (*)Silver  (*)
Sphalerite  (*)Stannite  (*)Stannoidite  (*)Tephroite  (*)Tetradymite  (*)
Titanite  (*)Topaz  (*)Tremolite  (*)Tsumoite  (*)Vesuvianite  (*)
Wairakite  (*)Wittichenite  (*)Wollastonite  (*)Woodwardite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite  (*)AcanthiteAg2S84.715376410,76411,764142793
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)284.757276378,764273419
Aegirine  (*)PyroxeneNaFe3+Si2O684.763.51763811022
Aenigmatite  (*)SapphirineNa4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36]84.763.5176376133
Åkermanite  (*)MeliliteCa2MgSi2O784.763.517638150
Alabandite  (*)RocksaltMnS84.763.5176434312
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)84.763.5276378,764248803
Aleksite  (*)TetradymitePbBi2Te2S284.775.417640028
Analcime  (*)AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6)·H2O84.763.5276419,764261627
Andalusite  (*)AndalusiteAl2SiO577.6571764291310
Andradite  (*)GarnetCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)384.775.41764001534
Anorthite  (*)FeldsparCa(Al2Si2O8)84.763.5276382,764241036
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)84.763.51764183250
Arsenic  (*)ArsenicAs84.763.5176436379
Arsenohauchecornite  (*)hauchecorniteNi18Bi3AsS1684.775.41764005
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS84.763.5476400,76410,76411,764369052
Augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O684.763.5276382,764242060
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)284.763.51764105509
Babingtonite  (*)RhodoniteCa2Fe2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH)84.763.5176404161
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)84.763.517641311547
Bementite  (*)ClayMn7Si6O15(OH)884.763.5176434173
Benavidesite  (*)NonePb4MnSb6S1484.763.51763858
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi84.775.41764001966
Bismutohauchecornite  (*)hauchecorniteNi9Bi2S884.775.41764007
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS484.775.41764005516
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)84.763.5776378,76389,76400,76410,76413,76423,7643627770
Canfieldite  (*)ArgyroditeAg8SnS684.775.417640091
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO284.763.5276400,764105171
Celestine  (*)BaryteSr(SO4)84.763.51763951252
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)84.763.51764104979
Chabazite-Ca  (*)ChabaziteCa2[Al4Si8O24]·13H2O84.763.5176426310
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S84.763.51764105707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS284.715776400,76410,76411,76414,76434,76436,7644427198
Chondrodite  (*)HumiteMg5(SiO4)2F284.775.4176400285
Clerite  (*)BerthieriteMnSb2S484.763.5276385,764343
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)884.763.5276396,763981756
Clinozoisite  (*)Clinozoisite EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)84.763.51764361025
Copper  (*)CopperCu84.763.5276379,764103846
Cordierite  (*)BerylMg2Al4Si5O1877.6571764291008
Corundum  (*)CorundumAl2O384.763.51764221797
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS84.763.51764104165
Cowlesite  (*)NoneCa(Al2Si3)O10·5-6H2O84.763.517642684
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O684.763.5376382,76400,764244135
Dioptase  (*)NoneCuSiO3·H2O84.763.5176410164
Enstatite  (*)PyroxeneMg2Si2O684.763.5276382,76424944
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)84.757476378,76410,76427,764368173
Ferrimolybdite  (*)NoneFe3+2(Mo6+O4)3·7H2O69.754.1376391,76440,76442345
Ferro-katophorite  (*)AmphiboleNa(NaCa)(Fe2+4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)284.763.517642338
Ferrobustamite  (*)WollastoniteCaFe2+Si2O684.775.417640022
Gahnite  (*)SpinelZnAl2O484.763.5176410445
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS84.715776396,76400,76410,76411,76414,76436,7644424243
Garronite-Ca  (*)GismondineCa3(Al6Si10O32)·14H2O84.763.517642666
Gismondine  (*)GismondineCa2(Si4Al4)O16·8H2O84.763.5276381,76404128
Gobbinsite  (*)GismondineNa5(Si11Al5)O32·11H2O84.763.517642617
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)69.763.51763847437
Gold  (*)CopperAu84.775.417640030554
Gonnardite  (*)Natrolite(Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10·3H2O84.763.5276381,76426167
Graphite  (*)NoneC84.763.51764222812
Grossular  (*)GarnetCa3Al2(SiO4)384.775.41764001544
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O84.763.5476395,76396,76413,764186890
Hedenbergite  (*)PyroxeneCaFe2+Si2O684.763.5376400,76410,76436741
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O384.715576410,76414,76427,76436,7644414640
Hercynite  (*)SpinelFe2+Al2O484.763.5276382,76424407
Hessite  (*)NoneAg2Te84.775.4176400804
Hydrowoodwardite  (*)Woodwardite Hydrotalcite(Cu1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)84.763.517641016
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O384.763.51763825433
Ilvaite  (*)IlvaiteCaFe3+Fe2+2O(Si2O7)(OH)84.763.5176436197
Joséite-B  (*)TetradymiteBi4Te2S84.775.417640086
Julgoldite-(Fe2+)  (*)PumpellyiteCa2Fe2+Fe3+2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2·H2O84.763.517640415
Kaersutite  (*)AmphiboleNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O284.763.5176421179
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)484.763.5276389,764315591
Lawsonite  (*)LawsoniteCaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O84.763.5176378121
Lévyne-Ca  (*)LévyneCa3(Si12Al6)O36·18H2O84.763.517642642
Mackinawite  (*)None(Fe,Ni)1+xS (x = 0-0.07)84.775.4176400451
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O484.744.7676382,76400,76410,76429,76436,7644414899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2151517641412537
Malayaite  (*)TitaniteCaSnO(SiO4)84.775.417640040
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS284.763.5376410,76411,764365674
Mawsonite  (*)NoneCu6Fe2SnS884.775.417640092
Metaschoepite  (*)Schoepite(UO2)8O2(OH)12·10H2O65.35917644217
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS284.746.51076400,76410,76429,76439,76440,76441,76442,76443,76444,764455800
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O84.763.51763961508
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)284.715976389,76390,76401,76410,76414,76418,76427,76429,7644517380
Nepheline  (*)TridymiteNa3K(Al4Si4O16)84.763.5276381,76408884
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S884.775.41764001512
Phillipsite-Ca  (*)HarmotomeCa3(Si10Al6)O32·12H2O84.763.517642675
Phillipsite-K  (*)HarmotomeK6(Si10Al6)O32·12H2O84.763.517638171
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)281.875.41764002273
Piemontite  (*)EpidoteCa2(Al2Mn3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)84.763.5176410260
Powellite  (*)ScheeliteCa(MoO4)65.359176442494
Prehnite  (*)PrehniteCa2Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)284.763.51764041898
Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)  (*)PumpellyiteCa2Fe2+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2·H2O84.763.517640430
Pyrargyrite  (*)NoneAg3SbS384.763.51763871425
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS284.7151776389,76394,76395,76396,76400,76404,76410,76411,76414,76416,76429,76434,76436,76439,76441,76442,7644439462
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S884.763.5476400,76410,76411,764369056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO284.7152076378,76383,76387,76389,76401,76406,76407,76410,76413,76414,76416,76427,76429,76432,76433,76436,76440,76441,76443,7644561156
Realgar  (*)NoneAsS84.763.5176413712
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)84.763.51764341711
Rhodonite  (*)RhodoniteCaMn3Mn(Si5O15)84.763.5176434969
Rhönite  (*)SapphirineCa4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]84.763.517637647
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)84.757376400,76410,764294894
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O84.763.51763791153
Shattuckite  (*)NoneCu5(SiO3)4(OH)284.763.517641071
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)84.715276414,764166417
Silver  (*)CopperAg84.715276411,764145186
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS84.7151076396,76397,76400,76410,76411,76414,76416,76434,76436,7644421482
Stannite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2FeSnS484.775.4176400668
Stannoidite  (*)StannoiditeCu8(Fe,Zn)3Sn2S1284.775.417640080
Tephroite  (*)OlivineMn2+2(SiO4)84.763.5176434240
Tetradymite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Te2S84.775.4176400510
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O84.757276378,764274899
Topaz  (*)TopazAl2SiO4F284.763.51764061476
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)284.763.5276400,764362562
Tsumoite  (*)TetradymiteBiTe84.775.4176400100
Vesuvianite  (*)Vesuvianite(Ca,Na)19(Al,Mg,Fe)13(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(OH,F,O)1084.763.51764361395
Wairakite  (*)AnalcimeCa(Si4Al2)O12·2H2O84.763.517643273
Wittichenite  (*)NoneCu3BiS384.775.4176400297
Wollastonite  (*)WollastoniteCaSiO384.763.5276400,764361247
Woodwardite  (*)Woodwardite Hydrotalcite(Cu1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2)84.763.517641057
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)84.763.51763825251


24 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Mo-0022269.764.567.1±2.6Re-Os molybdeniteTakagigawa (Tg)  Molybdenite Mo218607Hirose, Shimane, JapanHirose, ShimaneSuzuki et al. (1996)10.1016/0016-7037(96)00164-0GCA60_3151 
Mo-0022368.363.565.9±2.4Re-Os molybdeniteTakagigawa (Tg)  Molybdenite Mo218607Hirose, Shimane, JapanHirose, ShimaneSuzuki et al. (1996)10.1016/0016-7037(96)00164-0GCA60_3151 
Kristen00192584.778.181.4±3.3K-Ar biotite71Y-12    19893Tsumo Mine, Masuda, Shimane, JapanTsumoShibata and Ishihara (1974)10.2113/gsecongeo.69.8.1207EG69_1207 
Kristen00192681.875.478.6±3.2K-Ar phlogopite   Phlogopite  19893Tsumo Mine, Masuda, Shimane, JapanTsumoShibata and Ishihara (1974)10.2113/gsecongeo.69.8.1207EG69_1207 
sedznpb-0028580.478.680.4–78.6 (phlogopite in skarn)  phlogopite   Phlogopite  19893Tsumo Mine, Masuda, Shimane, JapanTsumoSinger et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1252 
vms-005281515Miocene       S108163Iwami Mine (Iwami-ginzan), Ōda City, Shimane, JapanIwamiMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009_1034 
Kristen00194461.85759.4±2.4K-Arage of host adamellitebiotite65KM-169    108204Komaki Mine, Komaki, Okuizumo-cho, Shimane, JapanKomakiShibata and Ishihara (1974)10.2113/gsecongeo.69.8.1207EG69_1207 
Kristen00194564.359.361.8±2.5K-Arage of host adamellitemuscovite65KM-169  Muscovite  108204Komaki Mine, Komaki, Okuizumo-cho, Shimane, JapanKomakiShibata and Ishihara (1974)10.2113/gsecongeo.69.8.1207EG69_1207 
Kristen00194664.359.361.8±2.5K-Arage of greisenmuscovite71Y-30  Muscovite  108204Komaki Mine, Komaki, Okuizumo-cho, Shimane, JapanKomakiShibata and Ishihara (1974)10.2113/gsecongeo.69.8.1207EG69_1207 
Kristen00194766.861.664.2±2.6K-Arage of greisenmuscovite65KM-190  Muscovite  108204Komaki Mine, Komaki, Okuizumo-cho, Shimane, JapanKomakiShibata and Ishihara (1974)10.2113/gsecongeo.69.8.1207EG69_1207 
Mo-0030477.47274.7±2.7Re-Os molybdeniteKomaki(Km)  Molybdenite Mo108204Komaki Mine, Komaki, Okuizumo-cho, Shimane, JapanYokota, ShimaneSuzuki et al. (1996)10.1016/0016-7037(96)00164-0GCA60_3151 
Mo-0030577.670.273.9±3.7Re-Os molybdeniteKomaki(Km)  Molybdenite Mo108204Komaki Mine, Komaki, Okuizumo-cho, Shimane, JapanYokota, ShimaneSuzuki et al. (1996)10.1016/0016-7037(96)00164-0GCA60_3151 
Mo-0038662.356.959.6±2.7Re-Os molybdeniteKamitami (Kt)  Molybdenite Mo185472Daito, Unnan City, Shimane, JapanOhara, ShimaneSuzuki et al. (1996)10.1016/0016-7037(96)00164-0GCA60_3151 
Mo-0038764.259.261.7±2.5Re-Os molybdeniteKamitami (Kt)  Molybdenite Mo185472Daito, Unnan City, Shimane, JapanOhara, ShimaneSuzuki et al. (1996)10.1016/0016-7037(96)00164-0GCA60_3151 
Mo-0038859.255.257.2±2.0Re-Os molybdeniteDaito (Dt)  MolybdeniteFerrimolybdite, MolybdeniteMo185473Daito Mine, Daito, Unnan City, Shimane, JapanOhara, ShimaneSuzuki et al. (1996)10.1016/0016-7037(96)00164-0GCA60_3151 
Mo-0038957.954.156.0±1. 9Re-Os molybdeniteDaito (Dt)  MolybdeniteFerrimolybdite, MolybdeniteMo185473Daito Mine, Daito, Unnan City, Shimane, JapanOhara, ShimaneSuzuki et al. (1996)10.1016/0016-7037(96)00164-0GCA60_3151 
Mo-0022063.25961.1±2.1Re-Os molybdeniteHigashiyama (Hg)  Molybdenite Mo144102Higashiyama Mine, Daito, Unnan City, Shimane, JapanOhara, ShimaneSuzuki et al. (1996)10.1016/0016-7037(96)00164-0GCA60_3151 
Mo-0022165.361.163.2±2.1Re-Os molybdeniteHigashiyama (Hg)  Molybdenite Mo144102Higashiyama Mine, Daito, Unnan City, Shimane, JapanOhara, ShimaneSuzuki et al. (1996)10.1016/0016-7037(96)00164-0GCA60_3151 
Kristen00194948.544.746.6±1.9K-Ar biotite59SM-7    218528Seikyu Mine, Daito, Unnan City, Shimane, JapanSeikyuShibata and Ishihara (1974)10.2113/gsecongeo.69.8.1207EG69_1207 
Kristen00195049.745.947.8±1.9K-Ar muscovite65SK4(2)  Muscovite  218528Seikyu Mine, Daito, Unnan City, Shimane, JapanSeikyuShibata and Ishihara (1974)10.2113/gsecongeo.69.8.1207EG69_1207 
Mo-0045561.752.557.1±4.6Re-Os molybdeniteSeikyu (Sk)  Molybdenite Mo218528Seikyu Mine, Daito, Unnan City, Shimane, JapanOhara, ShimaneSuzuki et al. (1996)10.1016/0016-7037(96)00164-0GCA60_3151 
Mo-0045660.256.258.2±2.0Re-Os molybdeniteSeikyu (Sk)  Molybdenite Mo218528Seikyu Mine, Daito, Unnan City, Shimane, JapanOhara, ShimaneSuzuki et al. (1996)10.1016/0016-7037(96)00164-0GCA60_3151 
Mo-0045752.949.351.1±1. 8Re-Os molybdeniteSeikyu-minami (Sm)  Molybdenite Mo218528Seikyu Mine, Daito, Unnan City, Shimane, JapanOhara, ShimaneSuzuki et al. (1996)10.1016/0016-7037(96)00164-0GCA60_3151 
Mo-0045851.946.549.2±2.7Re-Os molybdeniteSeikyu-minami (Sm)  Molybdenite Mo218528Seikyu Mine, Daito, Unnan City, Shimane, JapanOhara, ShimaneSuzuki et al. (1996)10.1016/0016-7037(96)00164-0GCA60_3151 

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