Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Castelo Branco, Portugal

Oldest recorded age at locality: 297.1
Youngest recorded age at locality: 290.8

mindat Locality ID: 29824
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-29824.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Castelo Branco, Portugal": 226
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 153

Number of Child Localities: 11
Child Localities:
Belmonte
Castelo Branco
Covilhã
Fundão
Idanha-a-Nova
Oleiros
Penamacor
Proença-a-Nova
Sertã
Vila De Rei
Vila Velha De Rodão

Latitude: 39°58'0"N
Longitude: 7°37'5"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 39.966666666667,-7.6180555555556
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Be Bi C Ca Ce Cl Co Cu F Fe H K Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Ni O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Sr Ta Ti U W Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAllophaneAluniteAmorphousAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArgyroditeArsenicArseniosiderite
ArsenopyriteAtacamiteAutuniteBaryteBerylBournoniteBrochantiteCalciteChalcanthiteChalcopyrite
ChildreniteChloriteClayCobaltiteColumbiteConnelliteCopperCorundumCovelliteCubanite
DiasporeDigeniteFeldsparFluoriteGypsumKaoliniteLöllingiteMalachiteMarcasiteMelanterite
MeloniteMicaMolybdeniteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupPavonitePentlanditePharmacosideritePyrite
PyrochloreQuartzRocksaltRutileScheeliteSouzaliteSphaleriteSpinelStanniteStibnite
SulphurTapioliteTetrahedriteTitaniteTopazTourmalineTripliteTungstiteTurquoiseUllmannite
VivianiteWagneriteWurtziteZinkeniteZircon

127 IMA Minerals at location:
Acanthite  (*)Albite  (*)Althausite  (*)Amblygonite  (*)Andalusite  (*)
Anglesite  (*)Ankerite  (*)Antimony  (*)Antlerite  (*)Arseniosiderite  (*)
Arsenopyrite  (*)Atacamite  (*)Autunite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Berndtite  (*)Bertrandite  (*)Beryl  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bismuthinite  (*)
Bornite  (*)Bournonite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Cacoxenite  (*)Calcite  (*)
Canfieldite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)Cerussite  (*)Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)
Chalcopyrite  (*)Childrenite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Clinochlore  (*)Clinoclase  (*)
Cobaltite  (*)Columbite-(Fe)  (*)Columbite-(Mn)  (*)Connellite  (*)Copper  (*)
Cordierite  (*)Covellite  (*)Cubanite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Digenite  (*)
Dolomite  (*)Dravite  (*)Eosphorite  (*)Ferberite  (*)Florencite-(Ce)  (*)
Fluorapatite  (*)Fluorite  (*)Foitite  (*)Freibergite  (*)Galena  (*)
Goethite  (*)Gold  (*)Gormanite  (*)Gudmundite  (*)Gypsum  (*)
Hematite  (*)Hydrokenoelsmoreite  (*)Hydrotungstite  (*)Hydroxylapatite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)
Isokite  (*)Ixiolite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Kintoreite  (*)Lacroixite  (*)
Libethenite  (*)Löllingite  (*)Mackinawite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)
Marcasite  (*)Matildite  (*)Melanterite  (*)Microcline  (*)Mimetite  (*)
Molybdenite  (*)Montebrasite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Olivenite  (*)Opal  (*)
Panasqueiraite  (*)Paratacamite  (*)Pavonite  (*)Pentlandite  (*)Pharmacosiderite  (*)
Pyrargyrite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)
Quartz  (*)Romanèchite  (*)Rutile  (*)Scheelite  (*)Schorl  (*)
Scorodite  (*)Siderite  (*)Sillimanite  (*)Silver  (*)Sphalerite  (*)
Stannite  (*)Stephanite  (*)Stibnite  (*)Strengite  (*)Sulphur  (*)
Svanbergite  (*)Tapiolite-(Fe)  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Thadeuite  (*)
Topaz  (*)Torbernite  (*)Trilithionite  (*)Triplite  (*)Tungstite  (*)
Turquoise  (*)Ullmannite  (*)Vivianite  (*)Wagnerite  (*)Wolfeite  (*)
Zinkenite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite  (*)AcanthiteAg2S297.1290.8298745,988712793
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)297.1290.8398737,98745,988468803
Althausite  (*)Not in a structural groupMg4(PO4)2(OH,O)(F,   )297.1290.81987455
Amblygonite  (*)NoneLiAl(PO4)F298737,98846244
Andalusite  (*)AndalusiteAl2SiO5297.1290.8298745,988311310
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)298728,988462734
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2297.1290.8298745,988713092
Antimony  (*)ArsenicSb297.1290.8298732,98745363
Antlerite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2+3(SO4)(OH)4398885,98895,98896246
Arseniosiderite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3O2(AsO4)3·3H2O297.1290.8198745194
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS297.1290.81398683,98696,98732,98737,98741,98745,98756,98782,98836,98840,98869,98883,988859052
Atacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)3198885544
Autunite  (*)AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O1598683,98684,98685,98687,98692,98694,98700,98701,98703,98704,98705,98706,98708,98710,987111272
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2598730,98856,98885,98895,989005509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)297.1290.8498745,98846,98851,9887011547
Berndtite  (*)MeloniteSnS2297.1290.819874511
Bertrandite  (*)Not in a structural groupBe4Si2O7(OH)2297.1290.8198745606
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O18297.1290.8398710,98737,987454286
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi297.1290.81987451966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S3297.1290.81987451935
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS41988715516
Bournonite  (*)BournoniteCuPbSbS31987301089
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6298885,988961633
Cacoxenite  (*)NoneFe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12·75H2O198895280
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)297.1290.8298745,9875627770
Canfieldite  (*)ArgyroditeAg8SnS6297.1290.819874591
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO2297.1290.85298681,98682,98683,98686,98687,98688,98690,98694,98696,98697,98698,98699,98701,98705,98706,98707,98708,98710,98711,98715,98720,98721,98723,98737,98739,98741,98745,98756,98780,98782,98786,98791,98796,98801,98805,98808,98810,98812,98823,98826,98829,98830,98831,98832,98836,98846,98854,98864,98865,98866,98867,988695171
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)298728,988714979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O297.1290.8298745,98854925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S297.1290.8298745,988855707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2297.1290.81098680,98731,98745,98756,98843,98846,98856,98871,98885,9890027198
Childrenite  (*)ChildreniteFe2+Al(PO4)(OH)2·H2O19883193
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O1989003531
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8297.1290.81987451756
Clinoclase  (*)NoneCu3(AsO4)(OH)3298885,98895127
Cobaltite  (*)CobaltiteCoAsS198846966
Columbite-(Fe)  (*)ColumbiteFe2+Nb2O6198846518
Columbite-(Mn)  (*)ColumbiteMn2+Nb2O6198846289
Connellite  (*)ConnelliteCu36(SO4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O298885,98896295
Copper  (*)CopperCu1988853846
Cordierite  (*)BerylMg2Al4Si5O18297.1290.8298745,988461008
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS297.1290.8498745,98756,98843,988714165
Cubanite  (*)Cubanite WurtziteCuFe2S3297.1290.8298745,98756802
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O298885,988962970
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S1988711027
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)2297.1290.8398745,98756,988719895
Dravite  (*)TourmalineNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)297.1290.8198745648
Eosphorite  (*)ChildreniteMn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2·H2O198831128
Ferberite  (*)ColumbiteFe2+(WO4)297.1290.8598730,98745,98756,98836,98866551
Florencite-(Ce)  (*)AluniteCeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6297.1290.819874573
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F297.1290.8398745,98756,988462740
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF2297.1290.8298745,987569617
Foitite  (*)Tourmaline   (Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)297.1290.819874575
Freibergite  (*)TetrahedriteAg6[Cu4Fe2]Sb4S12297.1290.8298745,98756663
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS297.1290.81798680,98717,98719,98728,98731,98745,98756,98817,98838,98840,98843,98846,98859,98870,98871,98872,9888124243
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)297.1290.8598725,98745,98846,98875,988927437
Gold  (*)CopperAu297.1290.8998730,98731,98732,98745,98823,98827,98841,98869,9888330554
Gormanite  (*)SouzaliteFe2+3Al4(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O19884623
Gudmundite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeSbS297.1290.8198745170
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O297.1290.81987456890
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3297.1290.8398745,98874,9887514640
Hydrokenoelsmoreite  (*)Pyrochlore   2W2O6(H2O)19883657
Hydrotungstite  (*)NoneWO2(OH)2·H2O297.1290.819874513
Hydroxylapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3OH198846367
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O31298682,98683,98688,98694,98697,98698,98707,98720,98721,98791,98805,988235433
Isokite  (*)TitaniteCaMg(PO4)F297.1290.8298745,9875622
Ixiolite  (*)Columbite(Ta2/3Mn2+1/3)O2198846148
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)41988315591
Kintoreite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)619884641
Lacroixite  (*)TitaniteNaAl(PO4)F19884622
Libethenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(PO4)(OH)298885,98895234
Löllingite  (*)LöllingiteFeAs2297.1290.8298745,98756762
Mackinawite  (*)None(Fe,Ni)1+xS (x = 0-0.07)297.1290.8198745451
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4297.1290.8298745,9880314899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2598730,98856,98885,98895,9890012537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS2297.1290.8498680,98745,98756,988405674
Matildite  (*)NoneAgBiS2297.1290.8298745,98756252
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O297.1290.8198745915
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)298831,988464924
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl298843,988461107
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS2297.1290.8298745,987565800
Montebrasite  (*)NoneLiAl(PO4)(OH)198846200
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2297.1290.8698737,98745,98756,98831,98843,9884617380
Olivenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(AsO4)(OH)298885,98895492
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O1988952994
Panasqueiraite  (*)TitaniteCaMg(PO4)(OH)297.1290.8298745,987562
Paratacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)Cl2(OH)6198885158
Pavonite  (*)PavoniteAgBi3S5297.1290.8298745,9875672
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S8297.1290.8298745,987561512
Pharmacosiderite  (*)PharmacosideriteKFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·6-7H2O297.1290.8198745428
Pyrargyrite  (*)NoneAg3SbS31987561425
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2297.1290.83098680,98683,98687,98696,98701,98705,98706,98708,98710,98717,98719,98732,98737,98741,98745,98756,98782,98805,98836,98840,98846,98854,98856,98866,98869,98870,98871,98881,98883,9888539462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO2298874,988753106
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl298728,988431725
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S8297.1290.8398737,98745,987569056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2297.1290.87498683,98685,98687,98690,98691,98692,98700,98705,98709,98710,98711,98715,98717,98719,98720,98723,98728,98731,98732,98737,98738,98739,98741,98743,98745,98752,98756,98780,98782,98786,98789,98796,98797,98799,98801,98803,98808,98810,98811,98812,98813,98817,98823,98826,98829,98830,98831,98833,98835,98836,98838,98840,98841,98843,98846,98851,98854,98856,98859,98862,98866,98869,98870,98871,98872,98874,98875,98877,98881,98883,98889,98892,98895,9890061156
Romanèchite  (*)None(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10198885312
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO2297.1290.8498732,98745,98831,988465614
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)297.1290.8498745,98756,98821,988664894
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)297.1290.8398745,98756,988462705
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O297.1290.81987451153
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)297.1290.8798717,98730,98732,98745,98756,98856,988706417
Sillimanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2SiO5298831,988461516
Silver  (*)CopperAg297.1290.81987455186
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS297.1290.81298680,98717,98719,98731,98745,98756,98843,98846,98859,98871,98872,9888121482
Stannite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2FeSnS4297.1290.8298745,98756668
Stephanite  (*)NoneAg5SbS4198756586
Stibnite  (*)StibniteSb2S3297.1290.8598728,98730,98732,98745,987563418
Strengite  (*)NoneFe3+(PO4)·2H2O198831263
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS1988362045
Svanbergite  (*)AluniteSrAl3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)6297.1290.8198745105
Tapiolite-(Fe)  (*)TapioliteFe2+Ta2O619884688
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S131988851803
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S13297.1290.8398745,98756,988855317
Thadeuite  (*)NoneCaMg3(PO4)2(OH,F)2297.1290.8298745,987562
Topaz  (*)TopazAl2SiO4F2297.1290.8398745,98756,988461476
Torbernite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(PO4)2·12H2O798680,98681,98683,98684,98694,98696,987101059
Trilithionite  (*)MicaKLi1.5Al1.5(Si3Al)O10F219873728
Triplite  (*)TripliteMn2+2(PO4)F297.1290.8198745233
Tungstite  (*)TungstiteWO3·H2O297.1290.8198745118
Turquoise  (*)TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O198737484
Ullmannite  (*)UllmanniteNiSbS198730293
Vivianite  (*)VivianiteFe2+3(PO4)2·8H2O297.1290.8198745636
Wagnerite  (*)WagneriteMg2(PO4)F297.1290.819874561
Wolfeite  (*)WagneriteFe2+2(PO4)(OH)297.1290.819874543
Zinkenite  (*)ZinkenitePb9Sb22S42198730228
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)1988465251


1 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Mo-00042297.1290.8 Ar-Ar     MolybdeniteMo2591Panasqueira Mines, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Portugal Snee et al. (1988)10.2113/gsecongeo.83.2.335EG83_335 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R060070Panasqueira Mines, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Portugalhttps://rruff.info/R060070
R050262Panasqueira Mines, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Portugalhttps://rruff.info/R050262
R070559Panasqueira Mines, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Portugalhttps://rruff.info/R070559

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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