Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Panasqueira Mines, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Portugal

Oldest recorded age at locality: 297.1
Youngest recorded age at locality: 290.8

mindat Locality ID: 2591
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-2591.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Panasqueira Mines, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Portugal": 5
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 5

Number of Child Localities: 5
Child Localities:
Barroco Dos Carias
Barroco Fundo (Cebola No. 1)
Panasqueira No. 1 Mine
Panasqueira No. 3 Mine
Vale De Ermida Mine

Latitude: 40°9'14"N
Longitude: 7°44'52"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 40.153888888889,-7.7477777777778

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Acanthite	Alunite	Andalusite	Apatite	Argyrodite	Arsenic	Arseniosiderite	Arsenopyrite	Baryte	Beryl
Calcite	Chalcanthite	Chalcopyrite	Chlorite	Clay	Columbite	Copper	Corundum	Covellite	Cubanite
Diaspore	Feldspar	Fluorite	Gypsum	Löllingite	Marcasite	Melanterite	Melonite	Mica	Molybdenite
Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group	Pavonite	Pentlandite	Pharmacosiderite	Pyrite	Quartz	Rocksalt	Rutile
Scheelite	Sphalerite	Spinel	Stannite	Stibnite	Tetrahedrite	Titanite	Topaz	Tourmaline	Triplite
Tungstite	Vivianite	Wagnerite	Wurtzite

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Be Bi C Ca Ce Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Mo Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Sr Ti W Zn

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ag Al As Au B Ba Be Bi C Ca Ce Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Mo Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Sr Ti W Zn

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Acanthite Alunite Andalusite Apatite Argyrodite Arsenic Arseniosiderite Arsenopyrite Baryte Beryl
Calcite Chalcanthite Chalcopyrite Chlorite Clay Columbite Copper Corundum Covellite Cubanite
Diaspore Feldspar Fluorite Gypsum Löllingite Marcasite Melanterite Melonite Mica Molybdenite
Nickeline None Not in a structural group Pavonite Pentlandite Pharmacosiderite Pyrite Quartz Rocksalt Rutile
Scheelite Sphalerite Spinel Stannite Stibnite Tetrahedrite Titanite Topaz Tourmaline Triplite
Tungstite Vivianite Wagnerite Wurtzite

73 IMA Minerals at location:

Acanthite ()*	Albite ()*	Althausite ()*	Andalusite ()*	Ankerite ()*
Antimony ()*	Arseniosiderite ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*	Baryte ()*	Berndtite ()*
Bertrandite ()*	Beryl ()*	Bismuth ()*	Bismuthinite ()*	Calcite ()*
Canfieldite ()*	Cassiterite ()*	Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*
Clinochlore ()*	Cordierite ()*	Covellite ()*	Cubanite ()*	Dolomite ()*
Dravite ()*	Ferberite ()*	Florencite-(Ce) ()*	Fluorapatite ()*	Fluorite ()*
Foitite ()*	Freibergite ()*	Galena ()*	Goethite ()*	Gold ()*
Gudmundite ()*	Gypsum ()*	Hematite ()*	Hydrotungstite ()*	Isokite ()*
Löllingite ()*	Mackinawite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Marcasite ()*	Matildite ()*
Melanterite ()*	Molybdenite ()*	Muscovite ()*	Panasqueiraite ()*	Pavonite ()*
Pentlandite ()*	Pharmacosiderite ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*
Rutile ()*	Scheelite ()*	Schorl ()*	Scorodite ()*	Siderite ()*
Silver ()*	Sphalerite ()*	Stannite ()*	Stibnite ()*	Svanbergite ()*
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Thadeuite ()*	Topaz ()*	Triplite ()*	Tungstite ()*
Vivianite ()*	Wagnerite ()*	Wolfeite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite ()*	Acanthite	Ag₂S	297.1	290.8	2793
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	297.1	290.8	8803
Althausite ()*	Not in a structural group	Mg₄(PO₄)₂(OH,O)(F, )	297.1	290.8	5
Andalusite ()*	Andalusite	Al₂SiO₅	297.1	290.8	1310
Ankerite ()*	None	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂	297.1	290.8	3092
Antimony ()*	Arsenic	Sb	297.1	290.8	363
Arseniosiderite ()*	Arseniosiderite	Ca₂Fe³⁺₃O₂(AsO₄)₃·3H₂O	297.1	290.8	194
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	297.1	290.8	9052
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	297.1	290.8	11547
Berndtite ()*	Melonite	SnS₂	297.1	290.8	11
Bertrandite ()*	Not in a structural group	Be₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂	297.1	290.8	606
Beryl ()*	Beryl	Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈	297.1	290.8	4286
Bismuth ()*	Arsenic	Bi	297.1	290.8	1966
Bismuthinite ()*	Stibnite	Bi₂S₃	297.1	290.8	1935
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	297.1	290.8	27770
Canfieldite ()*	Argyrodite	Ag₈SnS₆	297.1	290.8	91
Cassiterite ()*	Rutile	SnO₂	297.1	290.8	5171
Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcanthite	Cu(SO₄)·5H₂O	297.1	290.8	925
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	297.1	290.8	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	297.1	290.8	27198
Clinochlore ()*	Chlorite Clay	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	297.1	290.8	1756
Cordierite ()*	Beryl	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈	297.1	290.8	1008
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	297.1	290.8	4165
Cubanite ()*	Cubanite Wurtzite	CuFe₂S₃	297.1	290.8	802
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	297.1	290.8	9895
Dravite ()*	Tourmaline	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	297.1	290.8	648
Ferberite ()*	Columbite	Fe²⁺(WO₄)	297.1	290.8	551
Florencite-(Ce) ()*	Alunite	CeAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	297.1	290.8	73
Fluorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F	297.1	290.8	2740
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂	297.1	290.8	9617
Foitite ()*	Tourmaline	(Fe²⁺₂Al)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	297.1	290.8	75
Freibergite ()*	Tetrahedrite	Ag₆[Cu₄Fe₂]Sb₄S₁₂	297.1	290.8	663
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	297.1	290.8	24243
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	297.1	290.8	7437
Gold ()*	Copper	Au	297.1	290.8	30554
Gudmundite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeSbS	297.1	290.8	170
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	297.1	290.8	6890
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	297.1	290.8	14640
Hydrotungstite ()*	None	WO₂(OH)₂·H₂O	297.1	290.8	13
Isokite ()*	Titanite	CaMg(PO₄)F	297.1	290.8	22
Löllingite ()*	Löllingite	FeAs₂	297.1	290.8	762
Mackinawite ()*	None	(Fe,Ni)_1+xS (x = 0-0.07)	297.1	290.8	451
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	297.1	290.8	14899
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂	297.1	290.8	5674
Matildite ()*	None	AgBiS₂	297.1	290.8	252
Melanterite ()*	Melanterite	Fe(SO₄)·7H₂O	297.1	290.8	915
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂	297.1	290.8	5800
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	297.1	290.8	17380
Panasqueiraite ()*	Titanite	CaMg(PO₄)(OH)	297.1	290.8	2
Pavonite ()*	Pavonite	AgBi₃S₅	297.1	290.8	72
Pentlandite ()*	Pentlandite	(Ni,Fe)₉S₈	297.1	290.8	1512
Pharmacosiderite ()*	Pharmacosiderite	KFe³⁺₄(AsO₄)₃(OH)₄·6-7H₂O	297.1	290.8	428
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	297.1	290.8	39462
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	297.1	290.8	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	297.1	290.8	61156
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂	297.1	290.8	5614
Scheelite ()*	Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)	297.1	290.8	4894
Schorl ()*	Tourmaline	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	297.1	290.8	2705
Scorodite ()*	None	Fe³⁺(AsO₄)·2H₂O	297.1	290.8	1153
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)	297.1	290.8	6417
Silver ()*	Copper	Ag	297.1	290.8	5186
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	297.1	290.8	21482
Stannite ()*	Stannite Sphalerite	Cu₂FeSnS₄	297.1	290.8	668
Stibnite ()*	Stibnite	Sb₂S₃	297.1	290.8	3418
Svanbergite ()*	Alunite	SrAl₃(SO₄)(PO₄)(OH)₆	297.1	290.8	105
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃	297.1	290.8	5317
Thadeuite ()*	None	CaMg₃(PO₄)₂(OH,F)₂	297.1	290.8	2
Topaz ()*	Topaz	Al₂SiO₄F₂	297.1	290.8	1476
Triplite ()*	Triplite	Mn²⁺₂(PO₄)F	297.1	290.8	233
Tungstite ()*	Tungstite	WO₃·H₂O	297.1	290.8	118
Vivianite ()*	Vivianite	Fe²⁺₃(PO₄)₂·8H₂O	297.1	290.8	636
Wagnerite ()*	Wagnerite	Mg₂(PO₄)F	297.1	290.8	61
Wolfeite ()*	Wagnerite	Fe²⁺₂(PO₄)(OH)	297.1	290.8	43

1 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	Mo-00042	297.1	290.8		Ar-Ar								Molybdenite	Mo	2591	Panasqueira Mines, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Portugal		Snee et al. (1988)	10.2113/gsecongeo.83.2.335	EG83_335

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R060070	Panasqueira Mines, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Portugal	https://rruff.info/R060070
R050262	Panasqueira Mines, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Portugal	https://rruff.info/R050262
R070559	Panasqueira Mines, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Portugal	https://rruff.info/R070559

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...