Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Acanthite	Allophane	Alunite	Amphibole	Andalusite	Apatite	Aragonite	Atacamite	Baryte	Bournonite
Brochantite	Calcite	Carminite	Chalcopyrite	Clay	Clinozoisite	Corundum	Descloizite	Diaspore	Epidote
Feldspar	Fornacite	Garnet	Gypsum	Kaolinite	Malachite	Mica	Minium	Nickeline	None
Not in a structural group	Phenakite	Pyrite	Pyrochlore	Pyroxene	Quartz	Rocksalt	Rutile	Scheelite	Sphalerite
Spinel	Tetrahedrite

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Ba C Ca Cl Cr Cu Fe H K Mg Mn Mo O P Pb S Sb Si U V Zn

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Acanthite Allophane Alunite Amphibole Andalusite Apatite Aragonite Atacamite Baryte Bournonite
Brochantite Calcite Carminite Chalcopyrite Clay Clinozoisite Corundum Descloizite Diaspore Epidote
Feldspar Fornacite Garnet Gypsum Kaolinite Malachite Mica Minium Nickeline None
Not in a structural group Phenakite Pyrite Pyrochlore Pyroxene Quartz Rocksalt Rutile Scheelite Sphalerite
Spinel Tetrahedrite

55 IMA Minerals at location:

Acanthite ()*	Actinolite ()*	Adamite ()*	Andradite ()*	Anglesite ()*
Anorthite ()*	Atacamite ()*	Azurite ()*	Baryte ()*	Beudantite ()*
Bindheimite ()*	Bornite ()*	Bournonite ()*	Brochantite ()*	Calcite ()*
Carminite ()*	Cerussite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Chlorargyrite ()*
Chrysocolla ()*	Cornetite ()*	Cuprite ()*	Descloizite ()*	Diopside ()*
Epidote ()*	Fornacite ()*	Galena ()*	Goethite ()*	Gypsum ()*
Hematite ()*	Hemimorphite ()*	Kaolinite ()*	Libethenite ()*	Magnetite ()*
Malachite ()*	Minium ()*	Mottramite ()*	Muscovite ()*	Piemontite ()*
Plattnerite ()*	Pseudomalachite ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*
Siderite ()*	Smithsonite ()*	Sphalerite ()*	Stetefeldtite ()*	Tenorite ()*
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Uranophane-α ()*	Vanadinite ()*	Willemite ()*	Wulfenite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite ()*	Acanthite	Ag₂S	160	150	1	145021	2793
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	160	150	1	145202	3419
Adamite ()*	Andalusite	Zn₂(AsO₄)(OH)	160	150	2	145026,145033	254
Andradite ()*	Garnet	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	160	150	1	145081	1534
Anglesite ()*	Baryte	Pb(SO₄)	160	150	1	145038	2734
Anorthite ()*	Feldspar	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)	160	150	1	145057	1036
Atacamite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₂Cl(OH)₃	160	150	2	145026,145033	544
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	160	150	7	145136,145153,145179,145181,145182,145203,145211	5509
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	160	150	10	145021,145053,145218,145219,145220,145221,145222,145227,145230,145234	11547
Beudantite ()*	Alunite	PbFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	160	150	2	145026,145033	413
Bindheimite ()*	Pyrochlore	Pb₂Sb⁵⁺₂O₇	160	150	1	145053	450
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	160	150	1	145006	5516
Bournonite ()*	Bournonite	CuPbSbS₃	925	57.2	1	144991	1089
Brochantite ()*	Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆	160	150	2	145026,145033	1633
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	925	57.2	41	144991,145038,145041,145053,145079,145080,145088,145094,145099,145101,145110,145138,145147,145159,145175,145177,145181,145187,145188,145189,145193,145201,145206,145207,145208,145210,145211,145216,145217,145219,145221,145223,145224,145225,145226,145227,145228,145230,145232,145233,145235	27770
Carminite ()*	Carminite	PbFe³⁺₂(AsO₄)₂(OH)₂	160	150	2	145026,145033	178
Cerussite ()*	Aragonite	Pb(CO₃)	160	150	5	145008,145021,145038,145053,145228	4979
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	160	150	3	145022,145069,145199	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	925	57.2	48	144991,144992,145029,145030,145041,145043,145079,145088,145092,145093,145095,145097,145098,145104,145105,145106,145111,145115,145117,145118,145119,145120,145121,145125,145126,145128,145133,145138,145149,145151,145152,145153,145154,145159,145160,145175,145187,145192,145199,145203,145206,145207,145210,145213,145214,145215,145216,145235	27198
Chlorargyrite ()*	Rocksalt	AgCl	160	150	2	145021,145053	1382
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O	160	150	6	145026,145029,145033,145038,145072,145164	3531
Cornetite ()*	None	Cu₃(PO₄)(OH)₃	160	150	2	145026,145033	26
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O	160	150	4	145006,145026,145031,145032	2970
Descloizite ()*	Descloizite	PbZn(VO₄)(OH)	160	150	1	145038	378
Diopside ()*	Pyroxene	CaMgSi₂O₆	160	150	1	145099	4135
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	160	150	24	144985,144986,144992,145032,145079,145085,145094,145098,145101,145103,145109,145111,145118,145143,145145,145146,145147,145159,145160,145175,145187,145212,145213,145217	8173
Fornacite ()*	Fornacite	CuPb₂(CrO₄)(AsO₄)(OH)	160	150	2	145008,145038	85
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	160	150	30	145008,145029,145030,145038,145053,145205,145206,145207,145208,145209,145210,145211,145212,145213,145214,145218,145219,145220,145221,145222,145223,145224,145225,145226,145227,145230,145232,145234,145235,145236	24243
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	160	150	2	145118,145119	7437
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	160	150	6	145056,145068,145085,145104,145194,145195	6890
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	160	150	38	144988,145008,145021,145038,145081,145082,145094,145109,145111,145112,145113,145115,145118,145119,145128,145129,145132,145133,145134,145136,145137,145142,145143,145144,145148,145150,145164,145170,145171,145172,145173,145175,145202,145203,145204,145207,145212,145231	14640
Hemimorphite ()*	Not in a structural group	Zn₄(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂·H₂O	160	150	1	144983	1689
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	160	150	1	145069	5591
Libethenite ()*	Andalusite	Cu₂(PO₄)(OH)	160	150	2	145026,145033	234
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	160	150	14	145094,145099,145111,145112,145113,145115,145128,145134,145159,145160,145175,145202,145203,145217	14899
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	925	57.2	78	144991,145026,145029,145031,145032,145033,145038,145078,145079,145081,145082,145083,145085,145086,145088,145089,145090,145091,145093,145097,145099,145100,145105,145106,145111,145112,145113,145117,145118,145119,145120,145122,145130,145133,145135,145136,145137,145138,145139,145140,145141,145142,145143,145155,145158,145159,145160,145162,145166,145168,145173,145174,145175,145177,145178,145179,145182,145183,145184,145185,145186,145187,145193,145200,145201,145203,145206,145207,145208,145210,145211,145212,145213,145215,145216,145225,145226,145229	12537
Minium ()*	Minium	Pb²⁺₂Pb⁴⁺O₄	160	150	1	145038	247
Mottramite ()*	Descloizite	PbCu(VO₄)(OH)	160	150	1	145038	362
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	160	150	15	145000,145032,145050,145068,145069,145071,145073,145074,145113,145133,145156,145158,145187,145194,145199	17380
Piemontite ()*	Epidote	Ca₂(Al₂Mn³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	160	150	1	145059	260
Plattnerite ()*	Rutile	PbO₂	160	150	1	145038	158
Pseudomalachite ()*	None	Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄	160	150	2	145026,145033	369
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	160	150	40	144992,145000,145006,145029,145030,145032,145041,145043,145050,145064,145065,145068,145073,145074,145078,145081,145085,145093,145094,145098,145099,145106,145148,145154,145165,145185,145188,145192,145194,145195,145199,145201,145206,145208,145214,145216,145225,145226,145232,145233	39462
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	925	57.2	5	144991,145065,145068,145194,145199	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	160	150	8	144992,144998,145021,145029,145038,145058,145064,145114	61156
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)	160	150	2	145000,145021	6417
Smithsonite ()*	Calcite	Zn(CO₃)	160	150	2	144993,145008	2473
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	925	57.2	12	144991,145008,145030,145212,145213,145214,145215,145232,145233,145234,145235,145236	21482
Stetefeldtite ()*	Pyrochlore	Ag₂Sb₂(O,OH)₇	160	150	1	145053	22
Tenorite ()*	None	CuO	160	150	3	145085,145088,145175	1101
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃	925	57.2	2	144991,145038	5317
Uranophane-α ()*	None	Ca(UO₂)₂(SiO₃OH)₂·5H₂O	160	150	1	145056	890
Vanadinite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl	160	150	1	145038	605
Willemite ()*	Phenakite	Zn₂SiO₄	160	150	3	145008,145009,145038	303
Wulfenite ()*	Scheelite	PbMoO₄	160	150	4	145008,145038,145204,145231	1655

4 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Sample Num	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference ID
Giersdorf_00000342	160	150	155±5	K-Ar	UAKA-67-200		31283	Amole District, Tucson Mts, Pima Co., Arizona, USA	Tucson Mts.	Shafiqullah et al. (1980)	AGSD12_201
Giersdorf_00000352	72.2	68.8	70.5±1.7	K-Ar	UAKA-75-49		31283	Amole District, Tucson Mts, Pima Co., Arizona, USA	Avra Quad.	Shafiqullah et al. (1980)	AGSD12_201
Giersdorf_00000335	925	865	895±30	K-Ar	UAKA-74-20	Muscovite	45005	Busterville Mine, Avra, Amole District, Tucson Mts, Pima Co., Arizona, USA	Busterville	Shafiqullah et al. (1980)	AGSD12_201
Giersdorf_00000364	60	57.2	58.6±1.4	K-Ar	UAKA-73-86		45005	Busterville Mine, Avra, Amole District, Tucson Mts, Pima Co., Arizona, USA	Busterville	Shafiqullah et al. (1980)	AGSD12_201

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R050024	Old Yuma Mine (Yuma Mine), Saguaro National Monument, Amole District, Tucson Mts, Pima Co., Arizona, USA	https://rruff.info/R050024

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...