Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Belchen, Münstertal, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Oldest recorded age at locality: 358.9
Youngest recorded age at locality: 145

mindat Locality ID: 34386
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-34386.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Belchen, Münstertal, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany": 6
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 4

Number of Child Localities: 4
Child Localities:
Giftgrube
Knappengrund Mine
Leopold Adit (Herrenwald Vein)
Teufelsgrund Mine

Latitude: 0°0'0"N
Longitude: 0°0'0"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 0,0
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Ba C Ca Ce Cl Co Cu F Fe H K La Mg Mo Ni O P Pb S Sb Si Sr W Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAdeliteAluniteApatiteAragoniteArsenicArseniosideriteArsenoliteArsenopyriteBaryte
BournoniteCalciteCaledoniteCarminiteChalcopyriteClayColumbiteCopperCorundumCovellite
DevillineDiasporeDigeniteEpsomiteFluoriteGypsumLöllingiteLinariteMalachiteMarcasite
MelanteriteMicaMixiteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupOrpimentPerovskitePharmacosideritePyrite
PyrochloreQuartzRocksaltScheeliteSkutteruditeSphaleriteSulphurTetrahedriteVivianiteXanthoconite

78 IMA Minerals at location:
Acanthite  (*)Agardite-(Ce)  (*)Agardite-(La)  (*)Anglesite  (*)Ankerite  (*)
Aragonite  (*)Arsenic  (*)Arseniosiderite  (*)Arsenolite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)
Aurichalcite  (*)Azurite  (*)Bariopharmacosiderite  (*)Baryte  (*)Bayldonite  (*)
Beudantite  (*)Bindheimite  (*)Bournonite  (*)Calcite  (*)Caledonite  (*)
Carminite  (*)Cerussite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Covellite  (*)Devilline  (*)
Digenite  (*)Dolomite  (*)Duftite  (*)Elyite  (*)Ferberite  (*)
Fluorite  (*)Freibergite  (*)Galena  (*)Goethite  (*)Goslarite  (*)
Gypsum  (*)Hematite  (*)Hemimorphite  (*)Hydrozincite  (*)Jamesonite  (*)
Jarosite  (*)Langite  (*)Linarite  (*)Löllingite  (*)Malachite  (*)
Marcasite  (*)Melanterite  (*)Miargyrite  (*)Mimetite  (*)Muscovite  (*)
Nickeline  (*)Orpiment  (*)Parasymplesite  (*)Posnjakite  (*)Pyrargyrite  (*)
Pyrite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)Pyrostilpnite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)
Rammelsbergite  (*)Realgar  (*)Scorodite  (*)Segnitite  (*)Serpierite  (*)
Siderite  (*)Silver  (*)Skutterudite  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)
Stolzite  (*)Strontianite  (*)Sulphur  (*)Susannite  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Wulfenite  (*)Zincrosasite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite  (*)AcanthiteAg2S358.91451575112793
Agardite-(Ce)  (*)MixiteCeCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O358.914515750843
Agardite-(La)  (*)MixiteLaCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O358.914515750833
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)358.9145257508,575112734
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2358.9145257507,575103092
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)358.91451575113250
Arsenic  (*)ArsenicAs358.9145457507,57509,57510,57511379
Arseniosiderite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3O2(AsO4)3·3H2O358.9145157508194
Arsenolite  (*)ArsenoliteAs2O3358.9145257507,57511231
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS298.9251.91575119052
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6358.9145257508,57511919
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2358.91451575085509
Bariopharmacosiderite  (*)PharmacosideriteBa0.5Fe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·5H2O358.9145157508150
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)201145257510,5751111547
Bayldonite  (*)NoneCu3PbO(AsO3OH)2(OH)2358.9145157508172
Beudantite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6358.9145157508413
Bindheimite  (*)PyrochlorePb2Sb5+2O7358.9145257508,57512450
Bournonite  (*)BournoniteCuPbSbS3358.91451575111089
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)358.9145257510,5751127770
Caledonite  (*)CaledoniteCu2Pb5(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6358.9145157508359
Carminite  (*)CarminitePbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2358.9145157508178
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)358.9145357508,57510,575114979
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2201145257508,5751127198
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS358.91451575114165
Devilline  (*)DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O358.9145257508,57511366
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S298.9251.91575111027
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)2358.9145257510,575119895
Duftite  (*)AdelitePbCu(AsO4)(OH)358.9145157508220
Elyite  (*)NoneCuPb4(SO4)O2(OH)4·H2O358.914515750885
Ferberite  (*)ColumbiteFe2+(WO4)358.9145157512551
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF2358.9145457507,57508,57510,575129617
Freibergite  (*)TetrahedriteAg6[Cu4Fe2]Sb4S12358.9145157507663
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS298.9145457507,57508,57510,5751224243
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)358.9145257508,575117437
Goslarite  (*)EpsomiteZn(SO4)·7H2O358.9145157512188
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O358.91451575116890
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3358.914515751114640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O358.9145257510,575111689
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)6358.9145257510,575111066
Jamesonite  (*)NonePb4FeSb6S14358.9145157507784
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6358.91451575112228
Langite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·2H2O358.9145157508593
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)2358.9145257508,57511987
Löllingite  (*)LöllingiteFeAs2358.9145157507762
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2358.9145257508,5751112537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS2298.91451575115674
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O358.9145157512915
Miargyrite  (*)NoneAgSbS2358.9145157507300
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl358.9145257508,575111107
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2358.914515751117380
Nickeline  (*)NickelineNiAs358.9145157511633
Orpiment  (*)OrpimentAs2S3358.9145257507,57512511
Parasymplesite  (*)VivianiteFe2+3(AsO4)2·8H2O358.9145257507,57511124
Posnjakite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·H2O358.9145157508309
Pyrargyrite  (*)NoneAg3SbS3358.9145257510,575111425
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2298.914515751139462
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl358.9145257508,575101725
Pyrostilpnite  (*)XanthoconiteAg3SbS3358.9145257507,5751184
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S8358.9145357507,57508,575119056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2298.9145357507,57510,5751161156
Rammelsbergite  (*)LöllingiteNiAs2201145157511233
Realgar  (*)NoneAsS358.9145257507,57511712
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O358.91451575111153
Segnitite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6358.9145157508134
Serpierite  (*)DevillineCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O358.9145157508292
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)358.9145257507,575116417
Silver  (*)CopperAg358.9145357507,57508,575115186
Skutterudite  (*)Skutterudite PerovskiteCoAs3358.9145157511531
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)358.91451575112473
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS298.9145357508,57510,5751121482
Stolzite  (*)ScheelitePb(WO4)358.9145157511156
Strontianite  (*)AragoniteSr(CO3)358.9145157510589
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS358.9145257508,575112045
Susannite  (*)NonePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2358.914515750899
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S13358.9145357507,57508,575111803
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S13358.91451575115317
Wulfenite  (*)ScheelitePbMoO4358.9145357508,57509,575101655
Zincrosasite  (*)Malachite(Zn,Cu)2(CO3)(OH)2358.914515750828


8 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Giersdorf_00000133201145Jurassic Mineralization Agehigh    Chalcopyrite, Galena, Marcasite, Pyrite, Quartz, Sphalerite 32114Knappengrund Mine, Belchen, Münstertal, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, GermanyMünstertal, KnappengrundStaude et. al (2010)10.1180/minmag.2010.074.2.312MM74_309 
Giersdorf_00000134358.9298.9Carboniferous Host Rock Age      32114Knappengrund Mine, Belchen, Münstertal, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, GermanyMünstertal, KnappengrundStaude et. al (2010)10.1180/minmag.2010.074.2.312MM74_309 
Giersdorf_00000135201145Jurassic Mineralization Agehigh    Baryte, Chalcopyrite, Galena, Rammelsbergite, Sphalerite 32114Knappengrund Mine, Belchen, Münstertal, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, GermanyMünstertal, Knappengrund-GegentrumStaude et. al (2010)10.1180/minmag.2010.074.2.312MM74_309 
Giersdorf_00000136358.9298.9Carboniferous Host Rock Age      32114Knappengrund Mine, Belchen, Münstertal, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, GermanyMünstertal, Knappengrund-GegentrumStaude et. al (2010)10.1180/minmag.2010.074.2.312MM74_309 
Giersdorf_00000153298.9251.9Permian Mineralization Agehigh   YesArsenopyrite, Bornite, Digenite, Galena, Quartz 32120Wildsbach Mine, Hof, Münstertal, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, GermanyMünstertal, WildsbachStaude et. al (2010)10.1180/minmag.2010.074.2.312MM74_309 
Giersdorf_00000154358.9298.9Carboniferous Host Rock Age   Yes  32120Wildsbach Mine, Hof, Münstertal, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, GermanyMünstertal, WildsbachStaude et. al (2010)10.1180/minmag.2010.074.2.312MM74_309 
Giersdorf_00000155298.9251.9Permian Mineralization Agehigh   YesArsenopyrite, Berthierite, Marcasite, Pyrite, Quartz, Sphalerite, Stibnite 32110Münstergrund Mine, St Trudpert, Münstertal, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, GermanyMünstertal, MünstergrundStaude et. al (2010)10.1180/minmag.2010.074.2.312MM74_309 
Giersdorf_00000156358.9298.9Carboniferous Host Rock Age   Yes  32110Münstergrund Mine, St Trudpert, Münstertal, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, GermanyMünstertal, MünstergrundStaude et. al (2010)10.1180/minmag.2010.074.2.312MM74_309 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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