Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Defiance Mine, Darwin Mine (Anaconda; Bernon Mine; Defiance Mine; Essex Mine; Independence Mine; Intermediate Mine; Rip Van Winkle Mine; Thompson Mine), Darwin, Darwin District, Darwin Hills, Inyo Co., California, USA

Oldest recorded age at locality: 174
Youngest recorded age at locality: 174

mindat Locality ID: 3473
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-3473.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Defiance Mine, Darwin Mine (Anaconda; Bernon Mine; Defiance Mine; Essex Mine; Independence Mine; Intermediate Mine; Rip Van Winkle Mine; Thompson Mine), Darwin, Darwin District, Darwin Hills, Inyo Co., California, USA": 0
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 0

Latitude: 36°16'54"N
Longitude: 117°36'33"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 36.281666666667,-117.60916666667
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al Ba C Ca Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Mo Na O Pb S Se Si Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ag Al Ba C Ca Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Mo Na O Pb S Se Si Zn 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAllophaneAluniteAragoniteBaryteBrauniteCalciteChalcopyriteClayCovellite
FeldsparFluoriteGarnetGypsumLinariteMalachiteMicaNoneNot in a structural groupPyrite
PyroxeneRocksaltRutileScheeliteSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSulphurWollastonite

31 IMA Minerals at location:
Acanthite  (*)Aurichalcite  (*)Baryte  (*)Braunite  (*)Calcite  (*)
Cerussite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Covellite  (*)Creedite  (*)
Diopside  (*)Fluorite  (*)Galena  (*)Grossular  (*)Gypsum  (*)
Hemimorphite  (*)Hydrozincite  (*)Linarite  (*)Malachite  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)
Muscovite  (*)Orthoclase  (*)Plumbojarosite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)
Selenium  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Sulphur  (*)Wollastonite  (*)
Wulfenite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite  (*)AcanthiteAg2S17417402793
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)61741740919
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)174174011547
Braunite  (*)BrauniteMn2+Mn3+6O8(SiO4)1741740483
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)174174027770
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)17417404979
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2174174027198
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O17417403531
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS17417404165
Creedite  (*)NoneCa3Al2(SO4)(OH)2F8·2H2O174174048
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O617417404135
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF217417409617
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS174174024243
Grossular  (*)GarnetCa3Al2(SiO4)317417401544
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O17417406890
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O17417401689
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)617417401066
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)21741740987
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2174174012537
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O17417401508
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2174174017380
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)17417402349
Plumbojarosite  (*)AlunitePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)61741740477
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2174174039462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO217417403106
Selenium  (*)SulphurSe1741740143
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)17417402473
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS174174021482
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS17417402045
Wollastonite  (*)WollastoniteCaSiO317417401247
Wulfenite  (*)ScheelitePbMoO417417401655


2 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
sedznpb-00455174174174     Yes  23498Darwin District, Darwin Hills, Inyo Co., California, USADarwinSinger et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1252 
Jen_0001471174174174 age of associated magmatismscheelite  YesScheelite  3467Darwin Mine (Anaconda; Bernon Mine; Defiance Mine; Essex Mine; Independence Mine; Intermediate Mine; Rip Van Winkle Mine; Thompson Mine), Darwin, Darwin District, Darwin Hills, Inyo Co., California, USADarwinPoulin et al. (2016)10.3749/canmin.1500023CM54_1147 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

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