Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Allanite	Allophane	Alunite	Amorphous	Amphibole	Analcime	Apatite	Aragonite	Arsenopyrite	Arthurite
Autunite	Baryte	Beryl	Bismutite	Calcite	Cancrinite-sodalite	Chalcopyrite	Clay	Clinozoisite	Columbite
Copper	Coronadite	Corundum	Epidote	Feldspar	Fluorite	Gadolinite	Garnet	Humboldtine	Kaolinite
Kieserite	Löllingite	Marcasite	Melanterite	Mica	Molybdenite	Monazite	Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group
Olivine	Oxalate	Perovskite	Phenakite	Phosphophyllite	Phosphosiderite	Phosphuranylite	Pyrite	Pyrochlore	Pyroxene
Quartz	Rhabdophane	Rocksalt	Rutile	Smectite-vermiculite	Sodalite	Spinel	Stibnite	Talc	Titanite
Topaz	Tourmaline	Triplite	Wurtzite	Zircon

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As B Ba Be Bi C Ca Ce Cl Cr Cu F Fe H K Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Sr Ta Th Ti U Y Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Mn O Si Zn

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Allanite Allophane Alunite Amorphous Amphibole Analcime Apatite Aragonite Arsenopyrite Arthurite
Autunite Baryte Beryl Bismutite Calcite Cancrinite-sodalite Chalcopyrite Clay Clinozoisite Columbite
Copper Coronadite Corundum Epidote Feldspar Fluorite Gadolinite Garnet Humboldtine Kaolinite
Kieserite Löllingite Marcasite Melanterite Mica Molybdenite Monazite Nickeline None Not in a structural group
Olivine Oxalate Perovskite Phenakite Phosphophyllite Phosphosiderite Phosphuranylite Pyrite Pyrochlore Pyroxene
Quartz Rhabdophane Rocksalt Rutile Smectite-vermiculite Sodalite Spinel Stibnite Talc Titanite
Topaz Tourmaline Triplite Wurtzite Zircon

105 IMA Minerals at location:

Albite ()*	Allanite-(Ce) ()*	Almandine ()*	Analcime ()*	Anatase ()*
Andradite ()*	Anglesite ()*	Ankerite ()*	Anorthite ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*
Autunite ()*	Bavenite ()*	Bermanite ()*	Bertrandite ()*	Beryl ()*
Bismutite ()*	Brockite ()*	Calcite ()*	Cassiterite ()*	Cerussite ()*
Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Chiolite ()*	Chromite ()*	Chrysoberyl ()*
Chrysocolla ()*	Clinozoisite ()*	Columbite-(Fe) ()*	Cryolite ()*	Dravite ()*
Elpasolite ()*	Enstatite ()*	Euclase ()*	Euxenite-(Y) ()*	Ferro-hornblende ()*
Fersmite ()*	Fluellite ()*	Fluorapatite ()*	Fluorcalciomicrolite ()*	Fluorite ()*
Gahnite ()*	Galena ()*	Gearksutite ()*	Goyazite ()*	Graphite ()*
Helvine ()*	Herderite ()*	Hollandite ()*	Hydrokenoralstonite ()*	Hydroxylherderite ()*
Ilmenite ()*	Jarosite ()*	Kaolinite ()*	Kyanite ()*	Lead ()*
Lindbergite ()*	Lithiophorite ()*	Löllingite ()*	Magnesite ()*	Magnetite ()*
Marcasite ()*	Masutomilite ()*	Melanterite ()*	Microcline ()*	Molybdenite ()*
Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Montmorillonite ()*	Muscovite ()*	Opal ()*	Orthoclase ()*
Pachnolite ()*	Phenakite ()*	Phosphophyllite ()*	Phosphosiderite ()*	Phosphuranylite ()*
Prosopite ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyromorphite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*
Rutile ()*	Samarskite-(Y) ()*	Schorl ()*	Scorodite ()*	Serrabrancaite ()*
Sillimanite ()*	Spessartine ()*	Spodumene ()*	Stibnite ()*	Strengite ()*
Sussexite ()*	Talc ()*	Tantalite-(Mn) ()*	Tephroite ()*	Thomsenolite ()*
Thorite ()*	Titanite ()*	Topaz ()*	Triplite ()*	Vermiculite ()*
Weddellite ()*	Wodginite ()*	Zincite ()*	Zircon ()*	Zoisite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	253.01	253.01	7	279468,279474,279479,279485,279495,279525,279567	8803
Allanite-(Ce) ()*	Allanite Epidote	CaCe(Al₂Fe²⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	253.01	253.01	1	279567	706
Almandine ()*	Garnet	Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	253.01	253.01	2	279485,279567	2353
Analcime ()*	Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆)·H₂O			1	279485	1627
Anatase ()*	Not in a structural group	TiO₂			1	279474	2162
Andradite ()*	Garnet	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃			2	279468,279485	1534
Anglesite ()*	Baryte	Pb(SO₄)			1	279485	2734
Ankerite ()*	None	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂			1	279485	3092
Anorthite ()*	Feldspar	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)	253.01	253.01	1	279567	1036
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS			2	279474,279485	9052
Autunite ()*	Autunite	Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·10-12H₂O			1	279485	1272
Bavenite ()*	None	Ca₄Be_2+xAl_2-xSi₉O_26-x(OH)_2+x (x = 0 to 1)			1	279485	255
Bermanite ()*	Arthurite	Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂·4H₂O	253.01	253.01	1	279567	55
Bertrandite ()*	Not in a structural group	Be₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂	253.01	253.01	3	279468,279485,279567	606
Beryl ()*	Beryl	Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈	253.01	253.01	23	279467,279472,279474,279475,279477,279478,279479,279480,279483,279484,279485,279486,279487,279488,279489,279495,279496,279497,279535,279553,279554,279555,279567	4286
Bismutite ()*	Bismutite	Bi₂O₂(CO₃)	253.01	253.01	1	279567	716
Brockite ()*	Rhabdophane	(Ca,Th,Ce)(PO₄)·H₂O	253.01	253.01	1	279567	48
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	253.01	253.01	3	279474,279485,279567	27770
Cassiterite ()*	Rutile	SnO₂	253.01	253.01	5	279468,279481,279484,279485,279567	5171
Cerussite ()*	Aragonite	Pb(CO₃)	253.01	253.01	2	279485,279567	4979
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S			1	279485	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	253.01	253.01	3	279474,279485,279567	27198
Chiolite ()*	None	Na₅Al₃F₁₄	253.01	253.01	1	279567	5
Chromite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Cr₂O₄			1	279485	3902
Chrysoberyl ()*	Olivine	BeAl₂O₄	253.01	253.01	1	279567	321
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O			1	279468	3531
Clinozoisite ()*	Clinozoisite Epidote	Ca₂Al₃[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)			1	279468	1025
Columbite-(Fe) ()*	Columbite	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆	253.01	253.01	1	279567	518
Cryolite ()*	Perovskite	Na₂NaAlF₆	253.01	253.01	1	279567	50
Dravite ()*	Tourmaline	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)			1	279485	648
Elpasolite ()*	Perovskite	K₂NaAlF₆	253.01	253.01	1	279567	16
Enstatite ()*	Pyroxene	Mg₂Si₂O₆			1	279468	944
Euclase ()*	None	BeAlSiO₄(OH)	253.01	253.01	1	279567	120
Euxenite-(Y) ()*	Columbite	Y(NbTi)O₆	253.01	253.01	4	279473,279485,279525,279567	414
Ferro-hornblende ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Fe²⁺₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂	253.01	253.01	1	279567	271
Fersmite ()*	Columbite	CaNb₂O₆			1	279485	83
Fluellite ()*	None	Al₂(PO₄)F₂(OH)·7H₂O	253.01	253.01	1	279567	40
Fluorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F	253.01	253.01	2	279485,279567	2740
Fluorcalciomicrolite ()*	Pyrochlore	(Ca,Na, )₂Ta₂O₆F			1	279468	13
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂	253.01	253.01	2	279485,279567	9617
Gahnite ()*	Spinel	ZnAl₂O₄			2	279468,279485	445
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	253.01	253.01	3	279474,279485,279567	24243
Gearksutite ()*	None	CaAlF₄(OH)·H₂O	253.01	253.01	1	279567	68
Goyazite ()*	Alunite	SrAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	253.01	253.01	1	279567	173
Graphite ()*	None	C			1	279468	2812
Helvine ()*	Sodalite Cancrinite-sodalite	Be₃Mn²⁺₄(SiO₄)₃S	253.01	253.01	2	279485,279567	237
Herderite ()*	Gadolinite	CaBe(PO₄)F			1	279485	20
Hollandite ()*	Coronadite	Ba(Mn⁴⁺₆Mn³⁺₂)O₁₆	253.01	253.01	1	279567	243
Hydrokenoralstonite ()*	Pyrochlore	₂Al₂F₆(H₂O)	253.01	253.01	1	279567	56
Hydroxylherderite ()*	Gadolinite	CaBe(PO₄)(OH)			1	279485	119
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃	253.01	253.01	2	279485,279567	5433
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆			1	279485	2228
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	253.01	253.01	3	279474,279484,279567	5591
Kyanite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂OSiO₄			2	279524,279555	1507
Lead ()*	Copper	Pb	253.01	253.01	1	279567	192
Lindbergite ()*	Humboldtine Oxalate	Mn(C₂O₄)·2H₂O	253.01	253.01	1	279567	12
Lithiophorite ()*	None	(Al,Li)(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)O₂(OH)₂			1	279474	210
Löllingite ()*	Löllingite	FeAs₂			1	279485	762
Magnesite ()*	Calcite	Mg(CO₃)			1	279494	1487
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄			2	279485,279555	14899
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂			1	279474	5674
Masutomilite ()*	Mica	KLiAlMn²⁺(Si₃Al)O₁₀(F,OH)₂	253.01	253.01	1	279567	12
Melanterite ()*	Melanterite	Fe(SO₄)·7H₂O			1	279485	915
Microcline ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)	253.01	253.01	10	279474,279479,279485,279486,279495,279496,279514,279525,279557,279567	4924
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂	253.01	253.01	2	279485,279567	5800
Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Monazite	Ce(PO₄)	253.01	253.01	1	279567	945
Montmorillonite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	(Na,Ca)_0.3(Al,Mg)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O			1	279474	1508
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	253.01	253.01	63	279466,279467,279469,279470,279471,279472,279474,279475,279479,279481,279482,279483,279484,279485,279486,279488,279489,279490,279491,279492,279495,279496,279497,279498,279499,279501,279502,279503,279504,279505,279506,279507,279509,279510,279511,279514,279518,279519,279520,279521,279522,279525,279526,279527,279528,279529,279531,279533,279534,279535,279539,279540,279541,279543,279545,279548,279549,279557,279558,279563,279564,279567,279568	17380
Opal ()*	Amorphous	SiO₂·nH₂O	253.01	253.01	2	279468,279567	2994
Orthoclase ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)			1	279485	2349
Pachnolite ()*	None	NaCaAlF₆·H₂O	253.01	253.01	1	279567	18
Phenakite ()*	Phenakite	Be₂(SiO₄)	253.01	253.01	2	279485,279567	326
Phosphophyllite ()*	Phosphophyllite	Zn₂Fe²⁺(PO₄)₂·4H₂O	253.01	253.01	1	279567	29
Phosphosiderite ()*	Phosphosiderite	Fe³⁺(PO₄)·2H₂O	253.01	253.01	1	279567	182
Phosphuranylite ()*	Phosphuranylite	KCa(H₃O)₃(UO₂)₇(PO₄)₄O₄·8H₂O	253.01	253.01	1	279567	182
Prosopite ()*	None	CaAl₂F₄(OH)₄	253.01	253.01	1	279567	39
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	253.01	253.01	3	279474,279485,279567	39462
Pyromorphite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl	253.01	253.01	2	279485,279567	1725
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈			1	279485	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	253.01	253.01	18	279468,279469,279472,279474,279476,279481,279483,279484,279485,279486,279495,279514,279520,279537,279541,279553,279557,279567	61156
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂	253.01	253.01	3	279485,279555,279567	5614
Samarskite-(Y) ()*	Columbite	YFe³⁺Nb₂O₈	253.01	253.01	2	279485,279567	353
Schorl ()*	Tourmaline	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	253.01	253.01	5	279474,279485,279486,279495,279567	2705
Scorodite ()*	None	Fe³⁺(AsO₄)·2H₂O			1	279485	1153
Serrabrancaite ()*	Kieserite	Mn(PO₄)·H₂O	253.01	253.01	1	279567	8
Sillimanite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂SiO₅			1	279468	1516
Spessartine ()*	Garnet	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	253.01	253.01	3	279474,279485,279567	1214
Spodumene ()*	Pyroxene	LiAlSi₂O₆	253.01	253.01	1	279567	688
Stibnite ()*	Stibnite	Sb₂S₃			1	279485	3418
Strengite ()*	None	Fe³⁺(PO₄)·2H₂O	253.01	253.01	1	279567	263
Sussexite ()*	None	Mn²⁺BO₂(OH)	253.01	253.01	1	279567	25
Talc ()*	Clay Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	253.01	253.01	3	279524,279562,279566	3337
Tantalite-(Mn) ()*	Columbite	Mn²⁺Ta₂O₆	253.01	253.01	3	279484,279485,279567	211
Tephroite ()*	Olivine	Mn²⁺₂(SiO₄)	253.01	253.01	0		240
Thomsenolite ()*	None	NaCaAlF₆·H₂O	253.01	253.01	1	279567	23
Thorite ()*	Zircon	Th(SiO₄)	253.01	253.01	2	279485,279567	1006
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O	253.01	253.01	3	279474,279485,279567	4899
Topaz ()*	Topaz	Al₂SiO₄F₂	253.01	253.01	2	279485,279567	1476
Triplite ()*	Triplite	Mn²⁺₂(PO₄)F	253.01	253.01	2	279485,279567	233
Vermiculite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄·8H₂O			1	279468	652
Weddellite ()*	Oxalate	Ca(C₂O₄)·2H₂O	253.01	253.01	1	279567	32
Wodginite ()*	Columbite	Mn²⁺Sn⁴⁺Ta₂O₈			1	279485	78
Zincite ()*	Wurtzite	ZnO	253.01	253.01	0		98
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)	253.01	253.01	4	279471,279474,279485,279567	5251
Zoisite ()*	Epidote	Ca₂Al₃[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)			1	279468	1025

1 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	Alexandra-0192	253.01	253.01	253.01		Age of pegmatite									4200	Morefield Mine (Morefield Pegmatite), Winterham, Amelia Co., Virginia, USA	Morefield	Bradley et al. (2016)	10.3749/canmin.1600035	CM54_945

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R050405	Amelia (Amelia Court House), Amelia Co., Virginia, USA	https://rruff.info/R050405
R100169	Rutherford No. 3 Pegmatite (Rutherford No. 2 Pegmatite; Rutherford Mines; Rutherford No. 1 Pegmatite), Amelia (Amelia Court House), Amelia Co., Virginia, USA	https://rruff.info/R100169

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...