Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Arequipa, Peru

Oldest recorded age at locality: 62.5
Youngest recorded age at locality: 57

mindat Locality ID: 48035
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-48035.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Arequipa, Peru": 59
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 39

Number of Child Localities: 10
Child Localities:
Arequipa Province
Camaná Province
Caraveli Province
Castilla Province
Caylloma Province
Cerro Trinidad
Huanquarque
Islay Province
Tambo Del Cortaderal
Tiabaya (Tibaya)

Latitude: 16°4'39"S
Longitude: 72°13'58"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -16.0775,-72.232777777778

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Acanthite	Adelite	Allophane	Alum	Alunite	Amorphous	Amphibole	Aragonite	Arcanite	Arsenic
Arsenopyrite	Atacamite	Baryte	Berthierite	Beryl	Brochantite	Calcite	Chalcopyrite	Clay	Clinozoisite
Columbite	Copiapite	Copper	Coquimbite	Corundum	Covellite	Cubanite	Diaspore	Digenite	Dumortierite
Enargite	Epidote	Feldspar	Fluorite	Gypsum	Halotrichite	Kaolinite	Lillianite	Malachite	Meneghinite
Mica	Molybdenite	Natrolite	Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group	Palygorskite	Picromerite	Polybasite	Pyrite
Pyrophyllite	Pyroxene	Quartz	Rhodonite	Rocksalt	Rutile	Smectite-vermiculite	Sphalerite	Spinel	Stannite
Starkeyite	Stibnite	Sulphur	Tetrahedrite	Titanite	Uytenbogaardtite	Voltaite	Wurtzite	Zircon

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Bi C Ca Cl Cu F Fe H I In K Mg Mn Mo N Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Te Ti U W Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Acanthite Adelite Allophane Alum Alunite Amorphous Amphibole Aragonite Arcanite Arsenic
Arsenopyrite Atacamite Baryte Berthierite Beryl Brochantite Calcite Chalcopyrite Clay Clinozoisite
Columbite Copiapite Copper Coquimbite Corundum Covellite Cubanite Diaspore Digenite Dumortierite
Enargite Epidote Feldspar Fluorite Gypsum Halotrichite Kaolinite Lillianite Malachite Meneghinite
Mica Molybdenite Natrolite Nickeline None Not in a structural group Palygorskite Picromerite Polybasite Pyrite
Pyrophyllite Pyroxene Quartz Rhodonite Rocksalt Rutile Smectite-vermiculite Sphalerite Spinel Stannite
Starkeyite Stibnite Sulphur Tetrahedrite Titanite Uytenbogaardtite Voltaite Wurtzite Zircon

107 IMA Minerals at location:

Acanthite ()*	Actinolite ()*	Alabandite ()*	Albite ()*	Alunite ()*
Alunogen ()*	Ammoniojarosite ()*	Anatase ()*	Anhydrite ()*	Annivite ()*
Antlerite ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*	Atacamite ()*	Azurite ()*	Baryte ()*
Berlinite ()*	Bismuth ()*	Bornite ()*	Boussingaultite ()*	Brochantite ()*
Calcite ()*	Celadonite ()*	Cerussite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*
Chrysocolla ()*	Conichalcite ()*	Copiapite ()*	Copper ()*	Coquimbite ()*
Cordierite ()*	Covellite ()*	Cubanite ()*	Cuprite ()*	Diaspore ()*
Digenite ()*	Diopside ()*	Dioptase ()*	Dumortierite ()*	Enargite ()*
Epidote ()*	Ferberite ()*	Fluorite ()*	Galena ()*	Garavellite ()*
Goethite ()*	Gold ()*	Gypsum ()*	Halotrichite ()*	Hematite ()*
Heyrovskýite ()*	Ilmenite ()*	Inyoite ()*	Iodargyrite ()*	Jarosite ()*
Kaolinite ()*	Kutnohorite ()*	Lindströmite ()*	Luzonite ()*	Mackinawite ()*
Magnetite ()*	Malachite ()*	Mascagnite ()*	Mawsonite ()*	Mohrite ()*
Molybdenite ()*	Montmorillonite ()*	Muscovite ()*	Natrojarosite ()*	Natrolite ()*
Neotocite ()*	Opal ()*	Palygorskite ()*	Pearceite ()*	Phlogopite ()*
Pickeringite ()*	Picromerite ()*	Polybasite ()*	Pseudomalachite ()*	Pyrite ()*
Pyrophyllite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Rhodochrosite ()*	Rhodonite ()*
Rozenite ()*	Rutile ()*	Sakuraiite ()*	Scorodite ()*	Sekaninaite ()*
Silver ()*	Sphalerite ()*	Stibnite ()*	Sulphur ()*	Tennantite-(Fe) ()*
Tenorite ()*	Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Titanite ()*	Tschermigite ()*	Ulexite ()*
Uraninite ()*	Uytenbogaardtite ()*	Vermiculite ()*	Vinciennite ()*	Voltaite ()*
Yecoraite ()*	Zircon ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite ()*	Acanthite	Ag₂S			4	95981,95999,96001,96005	2793
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂			1	95975	3419
Alabandite ()*	Rocksalt	MnS			2	95994,96008	312
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)			3	95975,95981,95990	8803
Alunite ()*	None	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	62.5	61.1	3	95978,95993,96013	966
Alunogen ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂(SO₄)₃(H₂O)₁₂·5H₂O			1	96013	272
Ammoniojarosite ()*	Alunite	(NH₄)Fe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆			1	96013	30
Anatase ()*	Not in a structural group	TiO₂			1	95975	2162
Anhydrite ()*	Not in a structural group	Ca(SO₄)	62.5	61.1	3	95978,95992,96019	1588
Annivite ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆[Cu₄(Fe,Zn)₂](Bi,Sb,As)₄S₁₃			1	95990	7
Antlerite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu²⁺₃(SO₄)(OH)₄	62.5	57	2	95977,95978	246
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS			1	95990	9052
Atacamite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₂Cl(OH)₃	62.5	61.1	6	95980,95983,95985,95987,96017,96025	544
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	57	57	2	95977,95988	5509
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)			1	95994	11547
Berlinite ()*	Quartz	Al(PO₄)			1	96023	28
Bismuth ()*	Arsenic	Bi			1	95990	1966
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	62.5	57	5	95975,95977,95978,95981,95994	5516
Boussingaultite ()*	Picromerite	(NH₄)₂Mg(SO₄)₂·6H₂O			1	96013	30
Brochantite ()*	Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆	62.5	57	3	95977,95978,96025	1633
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)			6	95975,95981,95999,96001,96005,96018	27770
Celadonite ()*	Mica Clay	KMgFe³⁺Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	62.5	61.1	1	95978	309
Cerussite ()*	Aragonite	Pb(CO₃)			1	96028	4979
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	62.5	57	4	95975,95977,95978,95981	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	62.5	57	10	95975,95977,95978,95981,95990,95993,95994,95999,96001,96005	27198
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O	62.5	57	9	95977,95978,95985,95987,95988,96017,96022,96023,96028	3531
Conichalcite ()*	Adelite	CaCu(AsO₄)(OH)			1	95988	363
Copiapite ()*	Copiapite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₄(SO₄)₆(OH)₂·20H₂O			1	96013	382
Copper ()*	Copper	Cu	62.5	61.1	1	95978	3846
Coquimbite ()*	Coquimbite	AlFe₃(SO₄)₆(H₂O)₁₂·6H₂O			2	95991,96013	136
Cordierite ()*	Beryl	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈			1	95990	1008
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	62.5	57	7	95977,95978,95981,95987,95990,95993,96001	4165
Cubanite ()*	Cubanite Wurtzite	CuFe₂S₃	62.5	61.1	1	95978	802
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O	57	57	2	95977,95989	2970
Diaspore ()*	Diaspore	AlO(OH)			1	95993	481
Digenite ()*	Digenite	Cu_1.8S			1	95981	1027
Diopside ()*	Pyroxene	CaMgSi₂O₆			1	95975	4135
Dioptase ()*	None	CuSiO₃·H₂O			1	95988	164
Dumortierite ()*	Dumortierite	AlAl₆BSi₃O₁₈	62.5	61.1	1	95978	231
Enargite ()*	Enargite Wurtzite	Cu₃AsS₄	62.5	61.1	2	95978,95993	910
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)			3	95975,95981,96023	8173
Ferberite ()*	Columbite	Fe²⁺(WO₄)	62.5	61.1	1	95978	551
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂			1	95988	9617
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	62.5	57	8	95977,95978,95981,95990,95994,95999,96001,96005	24243
Garavellite ()*	Berthierite	FeSbBiS₄			1	95990	10
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	62.5	61.1	3	95978,95990,96023	7437
Gold ()*	Copper	Au			5	95990,95994,95999,96001,96005	30554
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O			5	95975,95981,95990,95993,96013	6890
Halotrichite ()*	Halotrichite	Fe²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄·22H₂O			1	96013	409
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	62.5	57	7	95975,95977,95978,95981,95990,96013,96023	14640
Heyrovskýite ()*	Lillianite	Pb₆Bi₂S₉			1	95990	66
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃	62.5	61.1	2	95978,95981	5433
Inyoite ()*	None	CaB₃O₃(OH)₅·4H₂O			1	95973	34
Iodargyrite ()*	Wurtzite	AgI			1	95990	180
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆			2	95990,96013	2228
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	62.5	61.1	6	95978,95981,95994,96001,96013,96023	5591
Kutnohorite ()*	None	CaMn²⁺(CO₃)₂			1	96005	234
Lindströmite ()*	Meneghinite	Pb₃Cu₃Bi₇S₁₅			1	95990	38
Luzonite ()*	Stannite Sphalerite	Cu₃AsS₄	62.5	61.1	1	95978	198
Mackinawite ()*	None	(Fe,Ni)_1+xS (x = 0-0.07)	62.5	61.1	1	95978	451
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	62.5	61.1	5	95975,95978,95981,95990,96023	14899
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	62.5	57	5	95977,95978,95981,95987,96023	12537
Mascagnite ()*	Arcanite	(NH₄)₂(SO₄)			1	96013	61
Mawsonite ()*	None	Cu₆Fe₂SnS₈			1	95993	92
Mohrite ()*	Picromerite	(NH₄)₂Fe²⁺(SO₄)₂·6H₂O			1	96013	18
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂	62.5	61.1	2	95978,95981	5800
Montmorillonite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	(Na,Ca)_0.3(Al,Mg)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O			1	95981	1508
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	62.5	57	10	95975,95977,95978,95981,95990,95994,96001,96005,96013,96023	17380
Natrojarosite ()*	Alunite	NaFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆			1	95990	254
Natrolite ()*	Natrolite	Na₂(Si₃Al₂)O₁₀·2H₂O			1	95990	1236
Neotocite ()*	Allophane	(Mn,Fe)SiO₃·H₂O (?)			1	96023	186
Opal ()*	Amorphous	SiO₂·nH₂O			2	95987,95988	2994
Palygorskite ()*	Palygorskite Clay	(Mg,Al)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)·4H₂O			1	95988	306
Pearceite ()*	Polybasite	[Ag₉CuS₄][(Ag,Cu)₆(As,Sb)₂S₇]			2	96001,96005	249
Phlogopite ()*	Mica Clay	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂			1	95990	2273
Pickeringite ()*	Halotrichite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄·22H₂O			1	96013	265
Picromerite ()*	Picromerite	K₂Mg(SO₄)₂·6H₂O			1	96013	44
Polybasite ()*	Polybasite	[Ag₉CuS₄][(Ag,Cu)₆(Sb,As)₂S₇]			2	95994,96001	716
Pseudomalachite ()*	None	Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄			1	96023	369
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	62.5	57	10	95975,95977,95978,95981,95990,95993,95994,95999,96001,96005	39462
Pyrophyllite ()*	Clay Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂			1	95975	771
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	62.5	61.1	2	95978,95990	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂			12	95981,95983,95988,95990,95994,95999,96001,96005,96008,96013,96015,96023	61156
Rhodochrosite ()*	Calcite	Mn(CO₃)	62.5	61.1	5	95979,95981,95994,96005,96008	1711
Rhodonite ()*	Rhodonite	CaMn₃Mn(Si₅O₁₅)			2	95994,96005	969
Rozenite ()*	Starkeyite	Fe²⁺(SO₄)·4H₂O			1	96013	293
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂			3	95981,95990,96023	5614
Sakuraiite ()*	Stannite Sphalerite	(Cu,Zn,Fe)₃(In,Sn)S₄			1	95990	10
Scorodite ()*	None	Fe³⁺(AsO₄)·2H₂O			1	95990	1153
Sekaninaite ()*	Beryl	Fe²⁺₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈			1	95990	35
Silver ()*	Copper	Ag			2	95990,96001	5186
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	62.5	57	8	95977,95978,95981,95990,95994,95999,96001,96005	21482
Stibnite ()*	Stibnite	Sb₂S₃			1	95994	3418
Sulphur ()*	Sulphur	S			1	95972	2045
Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂)As₄S₁₃	62.5	61.1	5	95978,95990,95993,95999,96005	1803
Tenorite ()*	None	CuO	57	57	1	95977	1101
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃			6	95981,95990,95994,95999,96001,96005	5317
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O			2	95975,95981	4899
Tschermigite ()*	Alum	(NH₄)Al(SO₄)₂·12H₂O			1	96013	81
Ulexite ()*	None	NaCaB₅O₆(OH)₆·5H₂O			1	95973	160
Uraninite ()*	Fluorite	UO₂			1	95990	2718
Uytenbogaardtite ()*	Uytenbogaardtite	Ag₃AuS₂			2	96001,96005	46
Vermiculite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄·8H₂O			1	95990	652
Vinciennite ()*	None	Cu₁₀Fe₄SnAsS₁₆			1	95993	13
Voltaite ()*	Voltaite	K₂Fe²⁺₅Fe³⁺₃Al(SO₄)₁₂·18H₂O			1	96013	111
Yecoraite ()*	None	Fe³⁺₃Bi₅O₉(Te⁴⁺O₃)(Te⁶⁺O₄)₂·9H₂O			1	95990	7
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)			1	95990	5251

2 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	PorphCu-00521	57	57	57									Antlerite, Bornite, Brochantite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Chrysocolla, Covellite, Cuprite, Galena, Pyrite, Sphalerite, Tenorite	Cu	206944	Cerro Negro Cu Deposit, Uchumayo District, Arequipa Province, Arequipa, Peru	Cerro Negro	Singer et al. (2008)		USGSOFR2008_1155
	PorphCu-00119	62.5	61.1	61.8±0.7									Alunite, Anhydrite, Antlerite, Bornite, Brochantite, Celadonite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Chrysocolla, Covellite, Cubanite, Enargite, Ferberite, Galena, Goethite, Hematite, Ilmenite, Kaolinite, Luzonite, Mackinawite, Magnetite, Malachite, Molybdenite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite, Sphalerite	Cu	55598	Santa Rosa Pit (Santa Rosa Mine), Cerro Verde Mine, Uchumayo District, Arequipa Province, Arequipa, Peru	Cerro Verde/Santa Rosa	Singer et al. (2008)		USGSOFR2008_1155

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...