Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Boliden Mine (Skellefteå Mine), Boliden, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2500
Youngest recorded age at locality: 541

mindat Locality ID: 9496
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-9496.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Boliden Mine (Skellefteå Mine), Boliden, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden": 0
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 0

Latitude: 64°52'18"N
Longitude: 20°21'46"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 64.871666666667,20.362777777778

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Allargentum	Alunite	Analcime	Andalusite	Apatite	Arsenic	Arsenopyrite	Bournonite	Calcite	Chalcopyrite
Chalcostibite	Clay	Cobaltite	Copper	Corundum	Covellite	Cubanite	Diaspore	Fluorite	Kaolinite
Kobellite	Löllingite	Lillianite	Madocite	Marcasite	Meneghinite	Mica	Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group
Pyrite	Quartz	Rocksalt	Rutile	Scheelite	Sphalerite	Spinel	Stannite	Stibnite	Tetradymite
Tetrahedrite	Titanite	Tourmaline	Valleriite	Vivianite	Wurtzite	Zircon

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Bi C Ca Cd Co Cu F Fe H K Mg Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Se Si Sn Sr Te Ti W Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ag Al As Au B Bi C Ca Cd Co Cu F Fe H K Mg Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Se Si Sn Sr Te Ti W Zn Zr

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Allargentum Alunite Analcime Andalusite Apatite Arsenic Arsenopyrite Bournonite Calcite Chalcopyrite
Chalcostibite Clay Cobaltite Copper Corundum Covellite Cubanite Diaspore Fluorite Kaolinite
Kobellite Löllingite Lillianite Madocite Marcasite Meneghinite Mica Nickeline None Not in a structural group
Pyrite Quartz Rocksalt Rutile Scheelite Sphalerite Spinel Stannite Stibnite Tetradymite
Tetrahedrite Titanite Tourmaline Valleriite Vivianite Wurtzite Zircon

72 IMA Minerals at location:

Analcime ()*	Andalusite ()*	Antimony ()*	Arsenic ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*
Aurostibite ()*	Bismuth ()*	Bismuthinite ()*	Boulangerite ()*	Bournonite ()*
Calcite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Cobaltite ()*	Corundum ()*	Cosalite ()*
Covellite ()*	Cubanite ()*	Diaspore ()*	Dolomite ()*	Dravite ()*
Dyscrasite ()*	Emplectite ()*	Erythrite ()*	Falkmanite ()*	Fluorapatite ()*
Fluorite ()*	Galena ()*	Galenobismutite ()*	Gold ()*	Greenockite ()*
Guanajuatite ()*	Gudmundite ()*	Hedleyite ()*	Hisingerite ()*	Jamesonite ()*
Kaolinite ()*	Klockmannite ()*	Kobellite ()*	Kyanite ()*	Laitakarite ()*
Lillianite ()*	Madocite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Marcasite ()*	Meneghinite ()*
Miargyrite ()*	Muscovite ()*	Nickeline ()*	Gersdorffite-Pa3 ()*	Phlogopite ()*
Pyrargyrite ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Rutile ()*
Safflorite ()*	Scheelite ()*	Sillimanite ()*	Silver ()*	Sphalerite ()*
Stannite ()*	Sternbergite ()*	Stützite ()*	Svanbergite ()*	Tellurobismuthite ()*
Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetradymite ()*	Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Titanite ()*	Tsumoite ()*
Valleriite ()*	Zircon ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of localities containing mineral
Analcime ()*	Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆)·H₂O	2500	541	1627
Andalusite ()*	Andalusite	Al₂SiO₅	2500	541	1310
Antimony ()*	Arsenic	Sb	2500	541	363
Arsenic ()*	Arsenic	As	2500	541	379
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	2500	541	9052
Aurostibite ()*	Pyrite	AuSb₂	2500	541	73
Bismuth ()*	Arsenic	Bi	2500	541	1966
Bismuthinite ()*	Stibnite	Bi₂S₃	2500	541	1935
Boulangerite ()*	None	Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁	2500	541	843
Bournonite ()*	Bournonite	CuPbSbS₃	2500	541	1089
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	2500	541	27770
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	2500	541	27198
Cobaltite ()*	Cobaltite	CoAsS	2500	541	966
Corundum ()*	Corundum	Al₂O₃	2500	541	1797
Cosalite ()*	None	Pb₂Bi₂S₅	2500	541	344
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	2500	541	4165
Cubanite ()*	Cubanite Wurtzite	CuFe₂S₃	2500	541	802
Diaspore ()*	Diaspore	AlO(OH)	2500	541	481
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	2500	541	9895
Dravite ()*	Tourmaline	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	2500	541	648
Dyscrasite ()*	Allargentum	Ag_3+xSb_1-x (x ≈ 0.2)	2500	541	180
Emplectite ()*	Chalcostibite	CuBiS₂	2500	541	246
Erythrite ()*	Vivianite	Co₃(AsO₄)₂·8H₂O	2500	541	814
Falkmanite ()*	None	Pb₃Sb₂S₆	2500	541	17
Fluorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F	2500	541	2740
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂	2500	541	9617
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	2500	541	24243
Galenobismutite ()*	Kobellite	PbBi₂S₄	2500	541	192
Gold ()*	Copper	Au	2500	541	30554
Greenockite ()*	Wurtzite	CdS	2500	541	717
Guanajuatite ()*	Stibnite	Bi₂Se₃	2500	541	37
Gudmundite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeSbS	2500	541	170
Hedleyite ()*	Tetradymite	Bi₇Te₃	2500	541	104
Hisingerite ()*	Kaolinite Clay	Fe₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·2H₂O	2500	541	144
Jamesonite ()*	None	Pb₄FeSb₆S₁₄	2500	541	784
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	2500	541	5591
Klockmannite ()*	Covellite	Cu_5.2Se₆	2500	541	63
Kobellite ()*	Kobellite	Pb₁₁(Cu,Fe)₂(Bi,Sb)₁₅S₃₅	2500	541	87
Kyanite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂OSiO₄	2500	541	1507
Laitakarite ()*	Tetradymite	Bi₄(Se,S)₃	2500	541	30
Lillianite ()*	Lillianite	Pb_3-2xAg_xBi_2+xS₆	2500	541	128
Madocite ()*	Madocite	Pb₁₉(Sb,As)₁₆S₄₃	2500	541	6
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	2500	541	14899
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂	2500	541	5674
Meneghinite ()*	Meneghinite	Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄	2500	541	158
Miargyrite ()*	None	AgSbS₂	2500	541	300
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	2500	541	17380
Nickeline ()*	Nickeline	NiAs	2500	541	633
Gersdorffite-Pa3 ()*	Pyrite	NiAsS	2500	541	767
Phlogopite ()*	Mica Clay	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	2500	541	2273
Pyrargyrite ()*	None	Ag₃SbS₃	2500	541	1425
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	2500	541	39462
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	2500	541	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	2500	541	61156
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂	2500	541	5614
Safflorite ()*	Löllingite	CoAs₂	2500	541	317
Scheelite ()*	Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)	2500	541	4894
Sillimanite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂SiO₅	2500	541	1516
Silver ()*	Copper	Ag	2500	541	5186
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	2500	541	21482
Stannite ()*	Stannite Sphalerite	Cu₂FeSnS₄	2500	541	668
Sternbergite ()*	Cubanite	AgFe₂S₃	2500	541	62
Stützite ()*	None	Ag_5-xTe₃ (x = 0.24-0.36)	2500	541	92
Svanbergite ()*	Alunite	SrAl₃(SO₄)(PO₄)(OH)₆	2500	541	105
Tellurobismuthite ()*	Tetradymite	Bi₂Te₃	2500	541	276
Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂)As₄S₁₃	2500	541	1803
Tetradymite ()*	Tetradymite	Bi₂Te₂S	2500	541	510
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃	2500	541	5317
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O	2500	541	4899
Tsumoite ()*	Tetradymite	BiTe	2500	541	100
Valleriite ()*	Valleriite	2[(Fe,Cu)S]·1.53[(Mg,Al)(OH)₂]	2500	541	237
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)	1894	1891	5251

Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:

Age ID	Locality Notes
Giersdorf_00000492	The Melestjärn mass flow is considered to be the uppermost part of volcanic stratigraphy of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000493	The Melestjärn mass flow is considered to be the uppermost part of volcanic stratigraphy of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000494	The Melestjärn mass flow is considered to be the uppermost part of volcanic stratigraphy of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000495	The Melestjärn mass flow is considered to be the uppermost part of volcanic stratigraphy of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000496	The Melestjärn mass flow is considered to be the uppermost part of volcanic stratigraphy of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000497	The Melestjärn mass flow is considered to be the uppermost part of volcanic stratigraphy of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000498	The Melestjärn mass flow is considered to be the uppermost part of volcanic stratigraphy of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000499	The Bjurvattnet Peperite is thought to represent the deepest part of the volcanic pile of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000500	The Bjurvattnet Peperite is thought to represent the deepest part of the volcanic pile of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000501	The Bjurvattnet Peperite is thought to represent the deepest part of the volcanic pile of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000502	The Bjurvattnet Peperite is thought to represent the deepest part of the volcanic pile of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000503	The Bjurvattnet Peperite is thought to represent the deepest part of the volcanic pile of the Skellefte mining district.
Giersdorf_00000515	The Boliden area consists of volcanic rocks with an epigenetic gold source, and is part of the Skellefte Mining District.

22 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
Giersdorf_00000517	1802	1794	1798					91019	Yes		Titanite	304392	Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Skellefte	Billstrom et al. (1996)	10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054	EG91_1054
MD29_150_Skellefte	1900	1870	1870-1900	U-Pb					Yes			23797	Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Skellefte mining district	Hallberg (1994)	10.1007/BF00191512	MD29_150	U-Pb zircon dating of volcanic rocks and early orogenic intrusives in the Los, Bergslagen, and Skellefte districts yields ages of 1.87-1.90 Ga (Welin et al, 1980, Åberg et al. 1984; Åberg and Strömberg 1984; Wilson et al. 1985; Welin 1987; Claesson and Lundqvist 1990). Dating ofvo1canic rocks in central and southern Finland have also yielded U-Pb zircon ages of 1.87-1.90 Ga (Ah o 1979; Helovuori 1979; Patchett and Kouvo 1986; Welin 1987). This indicates that deposition of vo1canic rocks occurred over a time interval of about 30 M yrs in the central part of the Baltic Shield.
Giersdorf_00000516	1870	1870	1870	U-Pb				94002	Yes		Zircon	10632	Åkerberg Mine, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Åkerberg Mine	Billstrom et al. (1996)	10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054	EG91_1054
Giersdorf_00000515	1870	1870	1870	U-Pb	Age is suspected to be approximately 1870 Ma, during which an extensional period of tectonic activity weakened the mantle and provided access for heavier materials to ascend upwards			bh 428	Yes		Zircon	207492	Boliden, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Boliden area	Billstrom et al. (1996)	10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054	EG91_1054
MD48_485_0001	1894	1891	1892.5 ± 1.5	U-Pb	host rock		zircon			Zircon		9496	Boliden Mine (Skellefteå Mine), Boliden, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Boliden	Mercier-Langevin (2013)		MD48_485
vms-00924	2500	541	Proterozoic									9496	Boliden Mine (Skellefteå Mine), Boliden, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Boliden	Moiser et al. (2009)		USGSOFR2009-1034
MD25_50-00005	1890	1890	1890						Yes			18571	Långdal Mine, Boliden, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Långdal	Vaasjoki and Vivallo (1990)	10.1007/BF03326383	MD25_50
Giersdorf_00000499	1884	1884	1884	U-Pb				91017	Yes		Zircon	10663	Långsele, Boliden, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Bjurvattnet Porphyry	Billstrom et al. (1996)	10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054	EG91_1054
Giersdorf_00000500	1884	1884	1884	U-Pb				91017	Yes		Zircon	10663	Långsele, Boliden, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Bjurvattnet Porphyry	Billstrom et al. (1996)	10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054	EG91_1054
Giersdorf_00000501	1888	1888	1888	U-Pb				91017	Yes		Zircon	10663	Långsele, Boliden, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Bjurvattnet Porphyry	Billstrom et al. (1996)	10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054	EG91_1054
Giersdorf_00000502	1877	1877	1877	U-Pb				91017	Yes		Zircon	10663	Långsele, Boliden, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Bjurvattnet Porphyry	Billstrom et al. (1996)	10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054	EG91_1054
Giersdorf_00000503	1889.6	1878.6	1884.1±5.5	U-Pb	Peperitic contact with supracrustal lithologies in its area suggest that the age of the Bjurvattnet sample should be considered as the minimum age for the deepest part of the volcanic pile.	high		91017	Yes		Zircon	10663	Långsele, Boliden, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Bjurvattnet Porphyry	Billstrom et al. (1996)	10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054	EG91_1054	Intercept age for the Pb206/207 concordia
vms-00947	2500	541	Proterozoic						Yes			18580	Renström Mine (Renstrom Mine), Boliden, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Renstrom	Moiser et al. (2009)		USGSOFR2009-1034
Giersdorf_00000492	1890	1890	1890	U-Pb				91016	Yes		Zircon	33241	Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Melestjärn mass flow	Billstrom et al. (1996)	10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054	EG91_1054
Giersdorf_00000493	1890	1890	1902	U-Pb				91016	Yes		Zircon	33241	Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Melestjärn mass flow	Billstrom et al. (1996)	10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054	EG91_1054
Giersdorf_00000494	1890	1890	1902	U-Pb				91016	Yes		Zircon	33241	Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Melestjärn mass flow	Billstrom et al. (1996)	10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054	EG91_1054
Giersdorf_00000495	1902	1902	1902	U-Pb				91016	Yes		Zircon	33241	Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Melestjärn mass flow	Billstrom et al. (1996)	10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054	EG91_1054
Giersdorf_00000496	1884	1884	1884	U-Pb				91016	Yes		Zircon	33241	Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Melestjärn mass flow	Billstrom et al. (1996)	10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054	EG91_1054
Giersdorf_00000497	1873	1873	1873	U-Pb				91016	Yes		Zircon	33241	Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Melestjärn mass flow	Billstrom et al. (1996)	10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054	EG91_1054
Giersdorf_00000498	1893	1884.6	1888.8±4.2	U-Pb		high		91016	Yes		Zircon	33241	Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Melestjärn mass flow	Billstrom et al. (1996)	10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054	EG91_1054	Intercept age for the Pb206/207 concordia
Giersdorf_00000518	1885	1885	1885	U-Pb				91066	Yes		Zircon	33241	Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Tallberg Deposit	Billstrom et al. (1996)	10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054	EG91_1054
Giersdorf_00000519	1885	1885	1885	U-Pb				91065	Yes		Zircon	33241	Tallberg Prospect, Skellefte Mining District, Skellefteå, Västerbotten County, Sweden	Tallberg Deposit	Billstrom et al. (1996)	10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1054	EG91_1054

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...