R070186 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Grunerite R070186

Name: Grunerite
RRUFF ID: R070186
Ideal Chemistry: ◻Fe²⁺₂Fe²⁺₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Locality: Homestake mine, 3800' level, Lead, Lawrence County, South Dakota, USA
Source: California Institute of Technology CIT-6816 [view label]
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Parallel aggregate of brown acicular to fibrous crystals
Status: The identification of this mineral is confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis.

Mineral Group: [ amphibole (107) ]

Quick search: [ All Grunerite samples (6) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R070186.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	(◻_0.96Ca_0.04)_Σ=1(Fe_4.34Mg_2.43Mn_0.14Al_0.05)_Σ=7(Si_7.95Al_0.05)_Σ=8O₂₂(OH)₂ ; OH estimated by difference
Microprobe Data File:	[ Download Excel File ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R070186

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R070186.9

Sample Description:

Single crystal, powder profile is calculated

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 9.533(4)Å b: 18.242(7)Å c: 5.333(1)Å
alpha: 90° beta: 101.91(2)° gamma: 90° Volume: 907.5(6)Å³ Crystal System: monoclinic

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Grunerite
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Kenngott A (1853) VIII. Ordnung: Spathe. IX. Geschlecht: Augit-Spathe. 4. Grunerit, in Das Mohs'sche Mineralsystem Verlag und Druck Wien 62-77 [view file]
Winchell A N (1931) Further studies in the amphibole group, American Mineralogist, 16, 250-266 [view file]
Ross C S, Kerr P F (1932) The manganese minerals of a vein near Bald Knob, North Carolina, American Mineralogist, 17, 1-18 [view file]
Klein C (1964) Cummingtonite-grunerite series: A chemical, optical and x-ray study, American Mineralogist, 49, 963-982 [view file]
Finger L W (1969) The crystal structure and cation distribution of a grunerite, Mineralogical Society of America Special Paper, 2, 95-100 [view file]
Leake B E (1978) Nomenclature of amphiboles, American Mineralogist, 63, 1023-1052 [view file]
Steel E, Wylie A (1981) Mineralogical characteristics of asbestos, 1, in Geology of Asbestos Deposits Edwards Brothers, Inc. Ann Arbor, MI. 93-99
Goldman D S, Rossman G R (1982) The identification of Fe²⁺ in the M4 site of calcic amphiboles: reply, American Mineralogist, 67, 340-342 [view file]
Uchida E (1983) Grunerite from the Shinyama ore deposit, Kamaishi mine, Japan, The Canadian Mineralogist, 21, 517-528 [view file]
Hirschmann M, Evans B W, Yang H (1994) Composition and temperature dependence of Fe-Mg ordering in cummingtonite-grunerite as determined by X-ray diffraction, American Mineralogist, 79, 862-877 [view file]
Bard D, Yarwood J, Tylee B (1997) Asbestos fibre identification by Raman microspectroscopy, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 28, 803-809 [link]
Leake B E, Woolley A R, Arps C E S, Birch W D, Gilbert M C, Grice J D, Hawthorne F C, Kato A, Kisch H J, Krivovichev V G, Linthout K, Laird J, Mandarino J A, Maresch W V, Nickel E H, Rock N M S, Schumacher J C, Smith D C, Stephenson N C N, Ungaretti L, Whittaker E J W, Youzhi G (1997) Nomenclature of amphiboles: report of the Subcommittee on Amphiboles of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 219-246 [view file]
Huang E P (2002) Raman spectroscopic study of amphiboles, Doctoral Dissertation, 1, 1-138 [view file]
Boffa Ballaran T, Carpenter M A (2003) Line broadening and enthalpy: Some empirical calibrations of solid solution behaviour from IR spectra, Phase Transitions, 76, 137-154
Leake B E, Woolley A R, Birch W D, Burke E A J, Ferraris G, Grice J D, Hawthorne F C, Kisch H J, Krivovichev V G, Schumacher J C, Stephenson N C N, Whittaker E J W (2003) Nomenclature of amphiboles: additions and revisions to the International Mineralogical Association’s 1997 recommendations, The Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 1355-1362 [view file]
Su S C (2003) A rapid and accurate procedure for the determination of refractive indices of regulated asbestos minerals, American Mineralogist, 88, 1979-1982 [view file]
Rinaudo C, Belluso E, Gastaldi D (2004) Assessment of the use of Raman spectroscopy for the determination of amphibole asbestos, Mineralogical Magazine, 68, 455-465 [view file]
Roth P (2007) Grunerite, in Minerals first discovered in Switzerland and minerals named after Swiss individuals Kristallografik Verlag Achberg Germany 182-183
Harper M, Lee E G, Doorn S S, Hammond O (2008) Differentiating non-asbestiform amphibole and amphibole asbestos by size characteristics, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 5, 761-770 [view file]
Su S C (2008) in How to use the d-spacing/interfacial angle tables to index zone-axis patterns of amphibole asbestos minerals obtained by selected area electron diffraction in transmission electron microscope Asbestos Analysis Consulting Newark, Delaware 1-160 [view file]
Apopei A I, Buzgar N (2010) The Raman study of amphiboles, Analele Stiintifice Ale Universitatii, Al. I. Cuza Iasi Geologie, 56, 57-83 [view file]
Gunter M E (2010) Defining asbestos: differences between the built and natural environments, Chimia, 64, 747-752
Yong T, Dera P, Zhang D (2019) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of grunerite up to 25.6 GPa: a new high-pressure clinoamphibole polymorph, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 46, 215-227
Germine M, Puffer J H (2020) Analytical transmission electron microscopy of amosite asbestos from South Africa, Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 75, 36-44
Tribaudino M, Hovis G L, Almer C, Leaman A (2022) Thermal expansion of minerals in the amphibole supergroup, American Mineralogist, 107, 1302-1312

REFERENCES for Grunerite

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Kenngott A (1853) VIII. Ordnung: Spathe. IX. Geschlecht: Augit-Spathe. 4. Grunerit, in Das Mohs'sche Mineralsystem Verlag und Druck Wien 62-77 [view file]

Winchell A N (1931) Further studies in the amphibole group, American Mineralogist, 16, 250-266 [view file]

Ross C S, Kerr P F (1932) The manganese minerals of a vein near Bald Knob, North Carolina, American Mineralogist, 17, 1-18 [view file]

Klein C (1964) Cummingtonite-grunerite series: A chemical, optical and x-ray study, American Mineralogist, 49, 963-982 [view file]

Finger L W (1969) The crystal structure and cation distribution of a grunerite, Mineralogical Society of America Special Paper, 2, 95-100 [view file]

Leake B E (1978) Nomenclature of amphiboles, American Mineralogist, 63, 1023-1052 [view file]

Steel E, Wylie A (1981) Mineralogical characteristics of asbestos, 1, in Geology of Asbestos Deposits Edwards Brothers, Inc. Ann Arbor, MI. 93-99

Goldman D S, Rossman G R (1982) The identification of Fe²⁺ in the M4 site of calcic amphiboles: reply, American Mineralogist, 67, 340-342 [view file]

Uchida E (1983) Grunerite from the Shinyama ore deposit, Kamaishi mine, Japan, The Canadian Mineralogist, 21, 517-528 [view file]

Hirschmann M, Evans B W, Yang H (1994) Composition and temperature dependence of Fe-Mg ordering in cummingtonite-grunerite as determined by X-ray diffraction, American Mineralogist, 79, 862-877 [view file]

Bard D, Yarwood J, Tylee B (1997) Asbestos fibre identification by Raman microspectroscopy, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 28, 803-809 [link]

Leake B E, Woolley A R, Arps C E S, Birch W D, Gilbert M C, Grice J D, Hawthorne F C, Kato A, Kisch H J, Krivovichev V G, Linthout K, Laird J, Mandarino J A, Maresch W V, Nickel E H, Rock N M S, Schumacher J C, Smith D C, Stephenson N C N, Ungaretti L, Whittaker E J W, Youzhi G (1997) Nomenclature of amphiboles: report of the Subcommittee on Amphiboles of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 219-246 [view file]

Huang E P (2002) Raman spectroscopic study of amphiboles, Doctoral Dissertation, 1, 1-138 [view file]

Boffa Ballaran T, Carpenter M A (2003) Line broadening and enthalpy: Some empirical calibrations of solid solution behaviour from IR spectra, Phase Transitions, 76, 137-154

Leake B E, Woolley A R, Birch W D, Burke E A J, Ferraris G, Grice J D, Hawthorne F C, Kisch H J, Krivovichev V G, Schumacher J C, Stephenson N C N, Whittaker E J W (2003) Nomenclature of amphiboles: additions and revisions to the International Mineralogical Association’s 1997 recommendations, The Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 1355-1362 [view file]

Su S C (2003) A rapid and accurate procedure for the determination of refractive indices of regulated asbestos minerals, American Mineralogist, 88, 1979-1982 [view file]

Rinaudo C, Belluso E, Gastaldi D (2004) Assessment of the use of Raman spectroscopy for the determination of amphibole asbestos, Mineralogical Magazine, 68, 455-465 [view file]

Roth P (2007) Grunerite, in Minerals first discovered in Switzerland and minerals named after Swiss individuals Kristallografik Verlag Achberg Germany 182-183

Harper M, Lee E G, Doorn S S, Hammond O (2008) Differentiating non-asbestiform amphibole and amphibole asbestos by size characteristics, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 5, 761-770 [view file]

Su S C (2008) in How to use the d-spacing/interfacial angle tables to index zone-axis patterns of amphibole asbestos minerals obtained by selected area electron diffraction in transmission electron microscope Asbestos Analysis Consulting Newark, Delaware 1-160 [view file]

Apopei A I, Buzgar N (2010) The Raman study of amphiboles, Analele Stiintifice Ale Universitatii, Al. I. Cuza Iasi Geologie, 56, 57-83 [view file]

Gunter M E (2010) Defining asbestos: differences between the built and natural environments, Chimia, 64, 747-752

Yong T, Dera P, Zhang D (2019) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of grunerite up to 25.6 GPa: a new high-pressure clinoamphibole polymorph, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 46, 215-227

Germine M, Puffer J H (2020) Analytical transmission electron microscopy of amosite asbestos from South Africa, Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 75, 36-44

Tribaudino M, Hovis G L, Almer C, Leaman A (2022) Thermal expansion of minerals in the amphibole supergroup, American Mineralogist, 107, 1302-1312