R060020 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Corundum R060020

Name: Corundum
RRUFF ID: R060020
Ideal Chemistry: Al₂O₃
Locality: Yogo Gulch, Montana, USA
Source: American Museum of Natural History 98807 [view label]
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Water rounded light blue fragment
Status: The identification of this mineral has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis

Mineral Group: [ Corundum (38) ]

Quick search: [ All Corundum samples (22) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R060020
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	(Al_1.99Fe³⁺_0.01)_Σ=2O₃ ; Fe³⁺ by charge balance
Microprobe Data File:	[ Download Excel File ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Sample is oriented and mounted onto a pin.

Pin ID:

L01262

Orientation:

Laser parallel to -a* (-1 0 0). Fiducial mark perpendicular to laser is parallel to c [0 0 1].

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

Raman Mode Analysis

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R060020

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 1% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

INFRARED SPECTRUM (Attenuated Total Reflectance)

RRUFF ID:

R060020.1

Sample Description:

Powder

Instrument settings:

SensIR Durascope on a Nicolet Magna 860 FTIR

Resolution:

DOWNLOADS:

	Infrared Data (Processed)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R060020.1

Sample Description:

Powder

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 4.76274(4)Å b: 4.76274(4)Å c: 13.0016(2)Å
alpha: 90° beta: 90° gamma: 120° Volume: 255.412(5)Å³ Crystal System: hexagonal

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	Cell Refinement Data
	Cell Refinement Output Data
	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - Processed)
	RRUFF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Corundum
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Gesner C (1565) Gemmis, quae erant in veste Aaronis, Liber Graecus, & e regione Latinus, Iola Hierotarantino interprete: cum Corollario Conradi Gesneri, in Sancti Patris Epiphanii Episcopi Cypri ad Diodorum Tyri episcopum, De XII 1-29 [view file]
Pauling L, Hendricks S B (1925) The crystal structures of hematite and corundum, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 47, 781-790 [view file]
Zachariasen W H (1928) Untersuchungen über die Kristallstruktur von Sesquioxyden und Verbindungen ABO₃, Skrifter Utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo, 1, 1-165 [view file]
Hutton C O (1950) Studies of heavy detrital minerals, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 61, 635-710 [view file]
Newnham R E, de Haan Y M (1962) Refinement of the α Al₂O₃, Ti₂O₃, V₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ structures, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 117, 235-237 [view file]
Hayek E, Inama P, Schatz B (1963) Mischkristallbildung von As₂O₃ und Sb₂O₃, Monatshefte für Chemie, 94, 366-372
Moss S C, Newnham R E (1964) The chromium position in ruby, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 120, 359-363 [view file]
Yates B, Cooper R F, Pojur A F (1972) Thermal expansion at elevated temperatures: II. Aluminium oxide: experimental data between 100 and 800 K and their analysis, Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, 5, 1046-1058
Finger L W, Hazen R M (1978) Crystal structure and compression of ruby to 46 kbar, Journal of Applied Physics, 49, 5823-5826
Ishizawa N, Miyata T, Minato I, Marumo F, Iwai S I (1980) A structural investigation of α-Al₂O₃ at 2170 K, Acta Crystallographica, B36, 228-230
Lewis J, Schwarzenbach D (1982) Electric field gradients and charge density in corundum α-Al₂O₃, Acta Crystallographica, A38, 733-739
Kirfel A, Eichhorn K (1990) Accurate structure analysis with synchrotron radiation. The electron density in Al₂O₃ and Cu₂O, Acta Crystallographica, A46, 271-284
Boettger J C (1997) High-precision, all-electron, full-potential calculation of the equation of state and elastic constants of corundum, Physical Review B, 55, 750-756
Catti M, Pavese A (1998) Equation of state of α-Al₂O₃ (corundum) from quasi-harmonic atomistic simulations, Acta Crystallographica, B54, 741-749
Bucher K, de Capitani C, Grapes R (2005) The development of a margarite-corundum blackwall by metasomatic alteration of a slice of mica schist in ultramafic rock, Kvesjöen, Norwegian Caledonides, The Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 129-156 [view file]
Gao R, Li H, Zhao J (2015) Dependence of R fluorescence lines of rubies on Cr³⁺ concentration at various temperatures, with implications for pressure calibrations in experimental apparatus, American Mineralogist, 100, 1554-1561
Sutherland F L, Coenraads R R, Abduriyim A, Meffre S, Hoskin P W O, Giuliani G, Beattie R, Wuhrer R, Sutherland G B (2015) Corundum (sapphire) and zircon relationships, Lava Plains gem fields, NE Australia: integrated mineralogy, geochemistry, age determination, genesis and geographical typing, Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 545-581
Sorokina E S, Hofmeister W, Häger T, Mertz-Kraus R, Buhre S, Saul J M (2016) Morphological and chemical evolution of corundum (ruby and sapphire): Crystal ontogeny reconstructed by EMPA, LA-ICP-MS, and Cr³⁺ Raman mapping, American Mineralogist, 101, 2716-2722
Wong J, Verdel C, Allen C M (2017) Trace-element compositions of sapphire and ruby from the eastern Australian gemstone belt, Mineralogical Magazine, 81, 1551-1576
Palke A C, Wong J, Verdel C, Ávila J N (2018) A common origin for Thai/Cambodian rubies and blue and violet sapphires from Yogo Gulch, Montana, U.S.A.?, American Mineralogist, 103, 469-479
Balan E (2020) Theoretical infrared spectra of OH defects in corundum (α-Al₂O₃), European Journal of Mineralogy, 32, 457-467 [view file]
Hazen R M, Morrison S M (2020) An evolutionary system of mineralogy. Part I: Stellar mineralogy (>13 to 4.6 Ga), American Mineralogist, 105, 627-651 [view file]
Karmakar S, Mukherjee S, Dutta U (2020) Origin of corundum within anorthite megacrysts from anorthositic amphibolites, Granulite Terrane, Southern India, American Mineralogist, 105, 1161-1174

REFERENCES for Corundum

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Gesner C (1565) Gemmis, quae erant in veste Aaronis, Liber Graecus, & e regione Latinus, Iola Hierotarantino interprete: cum Corollario Conradi Gesneri, in Sancti Patris Epiphanii Episcopi Cypri ad Diodorum Tyri episcopum, De XII 1-29 [view file]

Pauling L, Hendricks S B (1925) The crystal structures of hematite and corundum, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 47, 781-790 [view file]

Zachariasen W H (1928) Untersuchungen über die Kristallstruktur von Sesquioxyden und Verbindungen ABO₃, Skrifter Utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo, 1, 1-165 [view file]

Hutton C O (1950) Studies of heavy detrital minerals, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 61, 635-710 [view file]

Newnham R E, de Haan Y M (1962) Refinement of the α Al₂O₃, Ti₂O₃, V₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ structures, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 117, 235-237 [view file]

Hayek E, Inama P, Schatz B (1963) Mischkristallbildung von As₂O₃ und Sb₂O₃, Monatshefte für Chemie, 94, 366-372

Moss S C, Newnham R E (1964) The chromium position in ruby, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 120, 359-363 [view file]

Yates B, Cooper R F, Pojur A F (1972) Thermal expansion at elevated temperatures: II. Aluminium oxide: experimental data between 100 and 800 K and their analysis, Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, 5, 1046-1058

Finger L W, Hazen R M (1978) Crystal structure and compression of ruby to 46 kbar, Journal of Applied Physics, 49, 5823-5826

Ishizawa N, Miyata T, Minato I, Marumo F, Iwai S I (1980) A structural investigation of α-Al₂O₃ at 2170 K, Acta Crystallographica, B36, 228-230

Lewis J, Schwarzenbach D (1982) Electric field gradients and charge density in corundum α-Al₂O₃, Acta Crystallographica, A38, 733-739

Kirfel A, Eichhorn K (1990) Accurate structure analysis with synchrotron radiation. The electron density in Al₂O₃ and Cu₂O, Acta Crystallographica, A46, 271-284

Boettger J C (1997) High-precision, all-electron, full-potential calculation of the equation of state and elastic constants of corundum, Physical Review B, 55, 750-756

Catti M, Pavese A (1998) Equation of state of α-Al₂O₃ (corundum) from quasi-harmonic atomistic simulations, Acta Crystallographica, B54, 741-749

Bucher K, de Capitani C, Grapes R (2005) The development of a margarite-corundum blackwall by metasomatic alteration of a slice of mica schist in ultramafic rock, Kvesjöen, Norwegian Caledonides, The Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 129-156 [view file]

Gao R, Li H, Zhao J (2015) Dependence of R fluorescence lines of rubies on Cr³⁺ concentration at various temperatures, with implications for pressure calibrations in experimental apparatus, American Mineralogist, 100, 1554-1561

Sutherland F L, Coenraads R R, Abduriyim A, Meffre S, Hoskin P W O, Giuliani G, Beattie R, Wuhrer R, Sutherland G B (2015) Corundum (sapphire) and zircon relationships, Lava Plains gem fields, NE Australia: integrated mineralogy, geochemistry, age determination, genesis and geographical typing, Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 545-581

Sorokina E S, Hofmeister W, Häger T, Mertz-Kraus R, Buhre S, Saul J M (2016) Morphological and chemical evolution of corundum (ruby and sapphire): Crystal ontogeny reconstructed by EMPA, LA-ICP-MS, and Cr³⁺ Raman mapping, American Mineralogist, 101, 2716-2722

Wong J, Verdel C, Allen C M (2017) Trace-element compositions of sapphire and ruby from the eastern Australian gemstone belt, Mineralogical Magazine, 81, 1551-1576

Palke A C, Wong J, Verdel C, Ávila J N (2018) A common origin for Thai/Cambodian rubies and blue and violet sapphires from Yogo Gulch, Montana, U.S.A.?, American Mineralogist, 103, 469-479

Balan E (2020) Theoretical infrared spectra of OH defects in corundum (α-Al₂O₃), European Journal of Mineralogy, 32, 457-467 [view file]

Hazen R M, Morrison S M (2020) An evolutionary system of mineralogy. Part I: Stellar mineralogy (>13 to 4.6 Ga), American Mineralogist, 105, 627-651 [view file]

Karmakar S, Mukherjee S, Dutta U (2020) Origin of corundum within anorthite megacrysts from anorthositic amphibolites, Granulite Terrane, Southern India, American Mineralogist, 105, 1161-1174