R110188 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Important Update News

The RRUFF Project is being updated to improve its interface and content. The beta version of the update is accessible to the public at RRUFF.net. New data is only being added to the beta site. Please note that it is in development, and some components are not functional. Existing RRUFF.info links will resolve to the new site after RRUFF.net is officially released.

We are grateful to NASA for the funding of this effort.

Armalcolite R110188

Name: Armalcolite
RRUFF ID: R110188
Ideal Chemistry: (Mg,Fe²⁺)Ti₂O₅
Locality: Synthetic
Source: Hexiong Yang
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Transparent euhedral single crystal, synthesized at 1223 deg C with K2WO4 flux. Reheated to 1400 deg C for 5 hours, and quenched. The Mg and Ti are disordered. Crystals were used in the Yang and Hazen (1998) & the Liermann et al (2006) studies.
Status: The identification of this mineral is confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis.

Mineral Group: [ Pseudobrookite (6) ]

Quick search: [ All Armalcolite samples (3) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R110188.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	Mg_0.995(6)Ti_2.005(5)O₅

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Unoriented Raman on the primary sample

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R110188

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented Raman on the primary sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (Processed)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R110188.9

Sample Description:

Single crystal, powder profile is calculated

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 9.7597(4)Å b: 9.9789(4)Å c: 3.7478(3)Å
alpha: 90° beta: 90° gamma: 90° Volume: 365.00(3)Å³ Crystal System: orthorhombic

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Armalcolite
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Anderson A T, Bunch T E, Cameron E N, Haggerty S E, Boyd F R, Finger L W, James O B, Keil K, Prinz M, Ramdohr P, El Goresy A (1970) Armalcolite: a new mineral from the Apollo 11 samples, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Supplement, Proceedings of the Apollo 11 Lunar Science Conference, 1, 55-63 [view file]
Fleischer M (1970) New mineral names, American Mineralogist, 55, 2135-2139 [view file]
Bowles J F W (1988) Definition and range of composition of naturally occurring minerals with the pseudobrookite structure, American Mineralogist, 73, 1377-1383 [view file]
Wechsler B A, Von Dreele R B (1989) Structure refinement of Mg₂TiO₄, MgTiO₃ and MgTi₂O₅ by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction, Acta Crystallographica, B45, 542-549
Hayob J L, Essene E J (1995) Armalcolite in crustal paragneiss xenoliths, central Mexico, American Mineralogist, 80, 810-822 [view file]
Yang H, Hazen R M (1998) Crystal chemistry of cation order-disorder in pseudobrookite-type MgTi₂O₅, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 138, 238-244
Yang H, Hazen R M (1999) Comparative high-pressure crystal chemistry karrooite, MgTi₂O₅, with different ordering states, American Mineralogist, 84, 130-137 [view file]
Liermann H-P, Downs R T, Yang H (2006) Site disorder revealed through Raman spectra from oriented single crystals: a case study on karooite (MgTi₂O₅), American Mineralogist, 91, 790-793 [view file]
Lennie A R, Knight K S, Henderson C M B (2007) Cation ordering in MgTi₂O₅ (karrooite): probing temperature dependent effects with neutrons, American Mineralogist, 92, 1165-1180 [view file]
Sevillano G C, Viñals J, Rebollar M C (2009) Minerales de la vesículas de las Rocas lamproíticas del Afloramiento de la Aljorra (Murcia), Revista de la Sociedad Española de Mineralogia, 11, 43-44 [view file]
Zhang A, Pang R, Sakamoto N, Yurimoto H (2020) The Cr-Zr-Ca armalcolite in lunar rocks is loveringite: Constraints from electron backscatter diffraction measurements, American Mineralogist, 105, 1021-1029
Kazheva O N, Zubkova N V, Schafer C, Chukanov N V, Pekov I V, Britvin S N, Pushcharovsky D Y (2021) The pseudobrookite group: crystal chemical features of the armalcolite Fe²⁺ analogue, Doklady Earth Sciences, 497, 305-309 [view file]
Du T R T, Zhang A C, Chen J N, Wen Y Y (2024) Subsolidus breakdown of armalcolite: Constraints on thermal effects during shock lithification of lunar regolith, American Mineralogist, 109, 24-34

REFERENCES for Armalcolite

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Anderson A T, Bunch T E, Cameron E N, Haggerty S E, Boyd F R, Finger L W, James O B, Keil K, Prinz M, Ramdohr P, El Goresy A (1970) Armalcolite: a new mineral from the Apollo 11 samples, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Supplement, Proceedings of the Apollo 11 Lunar Science Conference, 1, 55-63 [view file]

Fleischer M (1970) New mineral names, American Mineralogist, 55, 2135-2139 [view file]

Bowles J F W (1988) Definition and range of composition of naturally occurring minerals with the pseudobrookite structure, American Mineralogist, 73, 1377-1383 [view file]

Wechsler B A, Von Dreele R B (1989) Structure refinement of Mg₂TiO₄, MgTiO₃ and MgTi₂O₅ by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction, Acta Crystallographica, B45, 542-549

Hayob J L, Essene E J (1995) Armalcolite in crustal paragneiss xenoliths, central Mexico, American Mineralogist, 80, 810-822 [view file]

Yang H, Hazen R M (1998) Crystal chemistry of cation order-disorder in pseudobrookite-type MgTi₂O₅, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 138, 238-244

Yang H, Hazen R M (1999) Comparative high-pressure crystal chemistry karrooite, MgTi₂O₅, with different ordering states, American Mineralogist, 84, 130-137 [view file]

Liermann H-P, Downs R T, Yang H (2006) Site disorder revealed through Raman spectra from oriented single crystals: a case study on karooite (MgTi₂O₅), American Mineralogist, 91, 790-793 [view file]

Lennie A R, Knight K S, Henderson C M B (2007) Cation ordering in MgTi₂O₅ (karrooite): probing temperature dependent effects with neutrons, American Mineralogist, 92, 1165-1180 [view file]

Sevillano G C, Viñals J, Rebollar M C (2009) Minerales de la vesículas de las Rocas lamproíticas del Afloramiento de la Aljorra (Murcia), Revista de la Sociedad Española de Mineralogia, 11, 43-44 [view file]

Zhang A, Pang R, Sakamoto N, Yurimoto H (2020) The Cr-Zr-Ca armalcolite in lunar rocks is loveringite: Constraints from electron backscatter diffraction measurements, American Mineralogist, 105, 1021-1029

Kazheva O N, Zubkova N V, Schafer C, Chukanov N V, Pekov I V, Britvin S N, Pushcharovsky D Y (2021) The pseudobrookite group: crystal chemical features of the armalcolite Fe²⁺ analogue, Doklady Earth Sciences, 497, 305-309 [view file]

Du T R T, Zhang A C, Chen J N, Wen Y Y (2024) Subsolidus breakdown of armalcolite: Constraints on thermal effects during shock lithification of lunar regolith, American Mineralogist, 109, 24-34