R060441 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Pyrope R060441

Name: Pyrope
RRUFF ID: R060441
Ideal Chemistry: Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Locality: Apache County, Arizona, USA
Source: Gemological Institute of America 20594
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Deep red fragment
Status: The identification of this mineral has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis

Mineral Group: [ garnet (97) ]

Quick search: [ All Pyrope samples (13) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R060441.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe fragment
Measured Chemistry:	(Mg_1.83Fe_0.75Ca_0.39Mn_0.03)_Σ=3(Al_1.95Cr_0.05)_Σ=2(Si_1.00O₄)₃
Microprobe Data File:	[ Download Excel File ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Sample is oriented and mounted on a pin

Pin ID:

L00962

Orientation:

Laser parallel to a [1 0 0]. Fiducial mark perpendicular to laser is parallel to -c* (0 0 -1).

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

Raman Mode Analysis

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R060441

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R060441.1

Sample Description:

Powder

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 11.5399(2)Å b: 11.5399(2)Å c: 11.5399(2)Å
alpha: 90.° beta: 90.° gamma: 90.° Volume: 1536.77(6)Å³ Crystal System: cubic

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	Cell Refinement Data
	Cell Refinement Output Data
	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - Processed)
	RRUFF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Pyrope
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Henckel J F (1757) Chalco-pyrites, in Pyritologia: or, a history of the pyrites, the principal body in the mineral kingdom [English translation] Millar and Linde London 16-16 [view file]
Klaproth M H (1797) Chemische Untersuchung des böhmischen Granats, Beiträge zur Chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper, 2, 16-21 [view file]
Ludwig C F (1803) Sippschaft des Granats. Pyrop, in Handbuch der Mineralogie nach A. G. Werner Siegfried Lebrécht Crusius Leipzig 62-67 [view file]
Skinner B J (1956) Physical properties of end-members of the garnet group, American Mineralogist, 41, 428-436
Manning P G (1967) The optical absorption spectra of the garnets almandine-pyrope, pyrope and spessartine and some structural interpretations of mineralogical significance, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 237-251 [view file]
Novak G A, Gibbs G V (1971) The crystal chemistry of the silicate garnets, American Mineralogist, 56, 791-825 [view file]
Ringwood A E (1977) Synthesis of pyrope-knorringite solid solution series, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36, 443-448 [view file]
Artioli G, Pavese A, Ståhl K, McMullan R K (1979) Single-crystal neutron-diffraction study of pyrope in the temperature range 30-1173 K, The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 1009-1019 [view file]
Levien L, Prewitt C, Weidner D (1979) Compression of pyrope, American Mineralogist, 64, 805-808 [view file]
Hofmeister A M, Chopelas A (1991) Vibrational spectroscopy of end-member silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17, 503-526 [link]
Wang A, Wang W, Zhang A (1991) Microstructural variations of a pyrope inclusion in diamond, as revealed by a micro-Raman spectroscopic study, The Canadian Mineralogist, 29, 517-524 [view file]
Armbruster T, Geiger C A, Lager G A (1992) Single-crystal X-Ray structure study of synthetic pyrope almandine garnets at 100 and 293 K, American Mineralogist, 77, 512-521 [view file]
Armbruster T, Geiger C A (1993) Andradite crystal chemistry, dynamic X-site disorder and structural strain in silicate garnets, European Journal of Mineralogy, 5, 59-71
Pinet M, Smith D C (1994) Raman microspectrometry of garnets X₃Y₂Z₃O₁₂ 2. The natural aluminium series pyrope-almandine-spessartine, Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 74, 161-179 [link]
Pilati T, Demartin F, Gramaccioli C M (1996) Atomic displacement parameters for garnets: A lattice-dynamical evaluation, Acta Crystallographica, B52, 239-250
Chmielová M, Martinec P, Weiss Z (1997) Almandine-pyrope-grossular garnets: a method for estimating their composition using X-ray powder diffraction patterns, European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 403-409
Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1997) Raman scattering in silicate garnets an investigation of their resonance intensities, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 28, 659-662 [link]
Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1998) Raman spectra of silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25, 142-151 [link]
Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (2000) Low-temperature single-crystal Raman spectrum of pyrope, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 27, 645-649 [link]
Milman V, Winkler B, Nobes R H, Akhmatchaya E V, Pickard C J, White J A (2000) Garnets: structure, compressibility, dynamics, and disorder, Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 52, issue 7 22-25
Manoun B, de Waal D, Merkle R (2001) The crystal chemistry and Raman spectroscopy of kimberlitic G-9 garnets, Crystal Engineering, 4, 283-291 [link]
Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]
Hofmeister A, Giesting P, Wopenka B, Gwanmesia G, Jolliff B (2004) Vibrational spectroscopy of pyrope-majorite garnets: structural implications, American Mineralogist, 89, 132-146 [view file]
Oberti R, Quartieri S, Dalconi M C, Boscherini F, Iezzi G, Boiocchi M, Eeckhout S G (2006) Site preference and local geometry of Sc in garnets: Part I. Multifarious mechanisms in the pyrope-grossular join, American Mineralogist, 91, 1230-1239 [view file]
Teertstra D K (2006) Index-of-refraction and unit-cell constraints on cation valence and pattern of order in garnet-group minerals, The Canadian Mineralogist, 44, 341-346 [view file]
Vinograd V L, Winkler B, Wilson D J, Putnis A, Gale J D (2006) Monte Carlo simulation of mixing in Ca₃Fe₂Ge₃O₁₂ – Ca₄Ge₄O₁₂ garnets and implications for the thermodynamic stability of pyrope-majorite solid solution, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 33, 533-544
Nakatsuka A, Shimokawa M, Nakayama N, Ohtaka O, Arima H, Okube M, Yoshiasa A (2011) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, American Mineralogist, 96, 1593-1605 [view file]
Nestola F, Merli M, Nimis P, Parisatto M, Kopylova M, De Stefano A, Longo M, Ziberna L, Manghnani M (2012) In situ analysis of garnet inclusion in diamond using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray micro-tomography, European Journal of Mineralogy, 24, 599-606
Geiger C A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Discussion, American Mineralogist, 98, 780-782
Grew E S, Locock A J, Mills S J, Galuskina I O, Galuskin E V, Hålenius U (2013) Nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, American Mineralogist, 98, 785-811 [view file]
Nakatsuka A, Shimokawa M, Nakayama N, Ohtaka O, Arima H, Okube M, Yoshiasa A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Reply, American Mineralogist, 98, 783-784
Du W, Clark S M, Walker D (2015) Thermo-compression of pyrope-grossular garnet solid solutions: Non-linear compositional dependence, American Mineralogist, 100, 215-222
Chantel J, Manthilake G M, Frost D J, Beyer C, Ballaran T B, Jing Z, Wang Y (2016) Elastic wave velocities in polycrystalline Mg₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂-pyrope garnet to 24 GPa and 1300 K, American Mineralogist, 101, 991-997
Du W, Clark S M, Walker D (2016) Excess mixing volume, microstrain, and stability of pyrope-grossular garnets, American Mineralogist, 101, 193-204
Palke A C, Geiger C A (2016) Trivalent transition-metal cations and local structure in pyrope- and grossular-rich solid solutions investigated by ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectroscopy, 28, 179-187
Pierre M D L, Belmonte D (2016) Ab initio investigation of majorite and pyrope garnets: lattice dynamics and vibrational spectra, American Mineralogist, 101, 162-174
Geiger C A, Rossman G R (2018) IR spectroscopy and OH^- in silicate garnet: The long quest to document hydrogarnet substitution, American Mineralogist, 103, 384-393
Urosevic M, Nebel O, Padrón-Navarta J A, Rubatto D (2018) Assessment of O and Fe isotope heterogeneity in garnet from Kakanui (New Zealand) and Erongo (Namibia), European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 695-710
Caporuscio F A, Oberti R, Smyth J R (2019) X-site control on rare earth elements in eclogitic garnets – an XRD study, European Journal of Mineralogy, 31, 453-463
Fan D, Xu J, Lu C, Tkachev S N, Li B, Ye Z, Huang S, Prakapenka V B, Zhou W (2019) Elasticity of single-crystal low water content hydrous pyrope at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, American Mineralogist, 104, 1022-1031
Liu Z, Gréaux S, Cai N, Siersch N, Ballaran T B, Irifune T, Frost D J (2019) Influence of aluminum on the elasticity of majorite-pyrope garnets, American Mineralogist, 104, 929-935
Hisano N, Sakamaki T, Ohashi T, Funakoshi K, Higo Y, Shibazaki Y, Suzuki A (2021) Elastic properties and structures of pyrope glass under high pressures, American Mineralogist, 106, 7-14

REFERENCES for Pyrope

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Henckel J F (1757) Chalco-pyrites, in Pyritologia: or, a history of the pyrites, the principal body in the mineral kingdom [English translation] Millar and Linde London 16-16 [view file]

Klaproth M H (1797) Chemische Untersuchung des böhmischen Granats, Beiträge zur Chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper, 2, 16-21 [view file]

Ludwig C F (1803) Sippschaft des Granats. Pyrop, in Handbuch der Mineralogie nach A. G. Werner Siegfried Lebrécht Crusius Leipzig 62-67 [view file]

Skinner B J (1956) Physical properties of end-members of the garnet group, American Mineralogist, 41, 428-436

Manning P G (1967) The optical absorption spectra of the garnets almandine-pyrope, pyrope and spessartine and some structural interpretations of mineralogical significance, The Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 237-251 [view file]

Novak G A, Gibbs G V (1971) The crystal chemistry of the silicate garnets, American Mineralogist, 56, 791-825 [view file]

Ringwood A E (1977) Synthesis of pyrope-knorringite solid solution series, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36, 443-448 [view file]

Artioli G, Pavese A, Ståhl K, McMullan R K (1979) Single-crystal neutron-diffraction study of pyrope in the temperature range 30-1173 K, The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 1009-1019 [view file]

Levien L, Prewitt C, Weidner D (1979) Compression of pyrope, American Mineralogist, 64, 805-808 [view file]

Hofmeister A M, Chopelas A (1991) Vibrational spectroscopy of end-member silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17, 503-526 [link]

Wang A, Wang W, Zhang A (1991) Microstructural variations of a pyrope inclusion in diamond, as revealed by a micro-Raman spectroscopic study, The Canadian Mineralogist, 29, 517-524 [view file]

Armbruster T, Geiger C A, Lager G A (1992) Single-crystal X-Ray structure study of synthetic pyrope almandine garnets at 100 and 293 K, American Mineralogist, 77, 512-521 [view file]

Armbruster T, Geiger C A (1993) Andradite crystal chemistry, dynamic X-site disorder and structural strain in silicate garnets, European Journal of Mineralogy, 5, 59-71

Pinet M, Smith D C (1994) Raman microspectrometry of garnets X₃Y₂Z₃O₁₂ 2. The natural aluminium series pyrope-almandine-spessartine, Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 74, 161-179 [link]

Pilati T, Demartin F, Gramaccioli C M (1996) Atomic displacement parameters for garnets: A lattice-dynamical evaluation, Acta Crystallographica, B52, 239-250

Chmielová M, Martinec P, Weiss Z (1997) Almandine-pyrope-grossular garnets: a method for estimating their composition using X-ray powder diffraction patterns, European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 403-409

Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1997) Raman scattering in silicate garnets an investigation of their resonance intensities, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 28, 659-662 [link]

Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (1998) Raman spectra of silicate garnets, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25, 142-151 [link]

Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (2000) Low-temperature single-crystal Raman spectrum of pyrope, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 27, 645-649 [link]

Milman V, Winkler B, Nobes R H, Akhmatchaya E V, Pickard C J, White J A (2000) Garnets: structure, compressibility, dynamics, and disorder, Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 52, issue 7 22-25

Manoun B, de Waal D, Merkle R (2001) The crystal chemistry and Raman spectroscopy of kimberlitic G-9 garnets, Crystal Engineering, 4, 283-291 [link]

Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]

Hofmeister A, Giesting P, Wopenka B, Gwanmesia G, Jolliff B (2004) Vibrational spectroscopy of pyrope-majorite garnets: structural implications, American Mineralogist, 89, 132-146 [view file]

Oberti R, Quartieri S, Dalconi M C, Boscherini F, Iezzi G, Boiocchi M, Eeckhout S G (2006) Site preference and local geometry of Sc in garnets: Part I. Multifarious mechanisms in the pyrope-grossular join, American Mineralogist, 91, 1230-1239 [view file]

Teertstra D K (2006) Index-of-refraction and unit-cell constraints on cation valence and pattern of order in garnet-group minerals, The Canadian Mineralogist, 44, 341-346 [view file]

Vinograd V L, Winkler B, Wilson D J, Putnis A, Gale J D (2006) Monte Carlo simulation of mixing in Ca₃Fe₂Ge₃O₁₂ – Ca₄Ge₄O₁₂ garnets and implications for the thermodynamic stability of pyrope-majorite solid solution, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 33, 533-544

Nakatsuka A, Shimokawa M, Nakayama N, Ohtaka O, Arima H, Okube M, Yoshiasa A (2011) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, American Mineralogist, 96, 1593-1605 [view file]

Nestola F, Merli M, Nimis P, Parisatto M, Kopylova M, De Stefano A, Longo M, Ziberna L, Manghnani M (2012) In situ analysis of garnet inclusion in diamond using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray micro-tomography, European Journal of Mineralogy, 24, 599-606

Geiger C A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Discussion, American Mineralogist, 98, 780-782

Grew E S, Locock A J, Mills S J, Galuskina I O, Galuskin E V, Hålenius U (2013) Nomenclature of the garnet supergroup, American Mineralogist, 98, 785-811 [view file]

Nakatsuka A, Shimokawa M, Nakayama N, Ohtaka O, Arima H, Okube M, Yoshiasa A (2013) Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study—Reply, American Mineralogist, 98, 783-784

Du W, Clark S M, Walker D (2015) Thermo-compression of pyrope-grossular garnet solid solutions: Non-linear compositional dependence, American Mineralogist, 100, 215-222

Chantel J, Manthilake G M, Frost D J, Beyer C, Ballaran T B, Jing Z, Wang Y (2016) Elastic wave velocities in polycrystalline Mg₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂-pyrope garnet to 24 GPa and 1300 K, American Mineralogist, 101, 991-997

Du W, Clark S M, Walker D (2016) Excess mixing volume, microstrain, and stability of pyrope-grossular garnets, American Mineralogist, 101, 193-204

Palke A C, Geiger C A (2016) Trivalent transition-metal cations and local structure in pyrope- and grossular-rich solid solutions investigated by ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectroscopy, 28, 179-187

Pierre M D L, Belmonte D (2016) Ab initio investigation of majorite and pyrope garnets: lattice dynamics and vibrational spectra, American Mineralogist, 101, 162-174

Geiger C A, Rossman G R (2018) IR spectroscopy and OH^- in silicate garnet: The long quest to document hydrogarnet substitution, American Mineralogist, 103, 384-393

Urosevic M, Nebel O, Padrón-Navarta J A, Rubatto D (2018) Assessment of O and Fe isotope heterogeneity in garnet from Kakanui (New Zealand) and Erongo (Namibia), European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 695-710

Caporuscio F A, Oberti R, Smyth J R (2019) X-site control on rare earth elements in eclogitic garnets – an XRD study, European Journal of Mineralogy, 31, 453-463

Fan D, Xu J, Lu C, Tkachev S N, Li B, Ye Z, Huang S, Prakapenka V B, Zhou W (2019) Elasticity of single-crystal low water content hydrous pyrope at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, American Mineralogist, 104, 1022-1031

Liu Z, Gréaux S, Cai N, Siersch N, Ballaran T B, Irifune T, Frost D J (2019) Influence of aluminum on the elasticity of majorite-pyrope garnets, American Mineralogist, 104, 929-935

Hisano N, Sakamaki T, Ohashi T, Funakoshi K, Higo Y, Shibazaki Y, Suzuki A (2021) Elastic properties and structures of pyrope glass under high pressures, American Mineralogist, 106, 7-14