" X050098 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Important Update News

rruff.info is being updated to improve its interface and content. The beta version of the update is accessible to the public at www.rruff.net. New data is only being added to the beta site. Please note that it is in development, and some components are not functional. Once released, the address will revert to RRUFF.info.

We are grateful to NASA for the funding of this effort.

Gypsum X050098

Name: Gypsum
RRUFF ID: X050098
Ideal Chemistry: Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O
Locality: Lake Mead, Arizona, USA
Source: Caltech
Owner: Caltech
Description:
Status: The identification of this mineral has been determined only by Raman spectroscopy

Mineral Group: [ Gypsum (12) ]

Quick search: [ All Gypsum samples (6) ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

Sample Description:

de-polarized laser on unoriented sample

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (Processed)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Gypsum
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Agricola G (1546) Gypsum, in De Natura Fossilium translated by Bandy M C, Bandy J A 1955 Geological Society of America New York 89-93
Wallerius J G (1747) in Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket Stockholm [view file]
Reusch E (1869) Die Körnerprobe am krystallisirten Gyps, Annalen der Physik, 212, 135-137 [view file]
Milton C, Johnston W D (1938) Sulphate minerals of the Comstock Lode, Nevada, Economic Geology, 33, 749-771 [view file]
Flörke O W (1952) Kristallographische und röntgenometrische untersuchungen im system CaSO₄ - CaSO₄·2H₂O, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 4, 180-240 [view file]
Papezik V S, Fong C C K (1975) Howlite and ulexite from the carboniferous gypsum and anhydrite beds in western Newfoundland, The Canadian Mineralogist, 13, 370-376 [view file]
Pedersen B F, Semmingsen D (1982) Neutron diffraction refinement of the structure of gypsum, CaSO₄·2H₂O, Acta Crystallographica, B38, 1074-1077 [view file]
Abriel V W (1983) Calcium sulfat subhydrat, CaSO₄·0,8H₂O, Acta Crystallographica, C39, 956-958 [view file]
Lager G A, Armbruster T, Rotella F J, Jorgensen J D, Hinks D G (1984) A crystallographic study of the low-temperature dehydration products of gypsum, CaSO₄·2H₂O: hemihydrate CaSO₄·0.50H₂O, and γ-CaSO₄, American Mineralogist, 69, 910-918 [view file]
Mungall J E, Frape S K, Gigson I L, Kamineni D C (1987) Rare-earth abundances in host granitic rocks and fracture-filling gypsum associated with saline groundwaters from a deep borehole, Atikokan, Ontario, The Canadian Mineralogist, 25, 539-543 [view file]
Tazaki K, Mori T, Nonaka T (1992) Microbial jarosite and gypsum from corrosion of Portland cement concrete, The Canadian Mineralogist, 30, 431-444 [view file]
Cooper M A, Hawthorne F C (1996) The crystal structure of rapidcreekite, Ca₂(SO₄)(CO₃)(H₂O)₄, and its relation to the structure of gypsum, The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 99-106 [view file]
Schofield P F, Knight K S, Stretton I C (1996) Thermal expansion of gypsum investigated by neutron powder diffraction, American Mineralogist, 81, 847-851 [view file]
Kontoyannis C G, Orkoula M G, Koutsoukos P G (1997) Quantitative analysis of sulfated calcium carbonates using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction, Analyst, 122, 33-38
Sarma L P, Prasad P S R, Ravikumar N (1998) Raman spectroscopic study of phase transitions in natural gypsum, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 29, 851-856
Boeyens J C A, Ichharam V V H (2002) Redetermination of the crystal structure of calcium sulphate dihydrate, CaSO₄·2H₂O, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. New Crystal Structures, 217, 9-10
Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]
Cabral A R, Lehmann B, Kwitko-Ribeiro R, Jones R D, Rocha Filho O G (2003) On the association of palladium-bearing gold, hematite, and gypsum in an Ouro Preto nugget, The Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 473-478 [view file]
De la Torre Á G, López-Olmo M G, Álvarez-Rua C, García-Granda S, Aranda M A G (2004) Structure and microstructure of gypsum and its relevance to Rietveld quantitative phase analyses, Powder Diffraction, 19, 240-246
Hamilton V E, McSween H Y, Hapke B (2005) Mineralogy of Martian atmospheric dust inferred from thermal infrared spectra of aerosols, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E12006 [link]
Lane M D (2007) Mid-infrared emission spectroscopy of sulfate and sulfate-bearing minerals, American Mineralogist, 92, 1-18 [view file]
Carbone M, Ballirano P, Caminiti R (2008) Kinetics of gypsum dehydration at reduced pressure: an energy dispersive x-ray diffraction study, European Journal of Mineralogy, 20, 621-627 [view file]
Christensen A N, Olesen M, Cerenius Y, Jensen T R (2008) Formation and transformation of five different phases in the CaSO₄-H₂O system: Crystal structure of the subhydrate β-CaSO₄·0.5H₂O and soluble anhydrite CaSO₄, Chemistry of Materials, 20, 2124-2132
Comodi P, Nazzareni S, Zanazzi P F, Speziale S (2008) High-pressure behavior of gypsum: A single-crystal X-ray study, American Mineralogist, 93, 1530-1537 [view file]
Buzgar N, Buzatu A, Sanislav I V (2009) The Raman study on certain sulfates, Annalele Stiintifice ale Universitatii, 55, 5-23 [view file]
Jehlička J, Vítek P, Edwards H G M, Hargreaves M D, Čapoun T (2009) Fast detection of sulphate minerals (gypsum, anglesite, baryte) by a portable Raman spectrometer, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 40, 1082-1086
Seufert S, Hesse C, Goetz-Neunhoeffer F, Neubauer J (2009) Discrimination of bassanite and anhydrite III dehydrated from gypsum at different temperatures, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 30, 447-452 [view file]
Hildyard R C, Llana-Fúnez S, Wheeler J, Faulkner D R, Prior D J (2011) Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis of bassanite transformation textures and crystal structure produced from experimentally deformed and dehydrated gypsum, Journal of Petrology, 52, 839-856 [view file]
Harrison T N (2012) Experimental VNIR reflectance spectroscopy of gypsum dehydration: investigating the gypsum to bassanite transition, American Mineralogist, 97, 598-609 [view file]
Robertson K, Bish D (2013) Constraints on the distribution of CaSO₄·nH₂O phases on Mars and implications for their contribution to the hydrological cycle, Icarus, 223, 407-417
Sabron P, Alpers C N (2013) Raman spectroscopy of efflorescent sulfate salts from Iron Mountain Mine Superfund Site, California, Astrobiology, 13, 270-278
Bishop J L, Lane M D, Dyar M D, King S J, Brown A J, Swayze G A (2014) Spectral properties of Ca-sulfates: gypsum, bassanite, and anhydrite, American Mineralogist, 99, 2105-2115
Lopez-Reyes G, Sobron P, Lefebvre C, Rull F (2014) Multivariate analysis of Raman spectra for the identification of sulfates: Implications for ExoMars, American Mineralogist, 99, 1570-1579
Sobron P, Bishop J L, Blake D F, Chen B, Rull F (2014) Natural Fe-bearing oxides and sulfates from the Rio Tinto Mars analog site: Critical assessment of VNIR reflectance spectroscopy, laser Raman spectroscopy, and XRD as mineral identification tools, American Mineralogist, 99, 1199-1205
Geng G, Myers R J, Kilcoyne A L D, Ha J, Monteiro P J M (2017) Ca L_2,3-edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure of tricalcium aluminate, gypsum, and calcium (sulfo)aluminate hydrates, American Mineralogist, 102, 900-908
Vaniman D T, Martinez G M, Rampe E B, Bristow T F, Blake D F, Yen A S, Ming D W, Rapin W, Meslin P Y, Morookian J M, Downs R T, Chipera S J, Morris R V, Morrison S M, Treiman A H, Achilles C N, Robertson K, Grotzinger J P, Hazen R M, Wiens R C, Sumner D Y (2018) Gypsum, bassanite, and anhydrite at Gale crater, Mars, American Mineralogist, 103, 1011-1020 [view file]
Biagioni C, Mauro D, Pasero M (2020) Sulfates from the pyrite ore deposits of the Apuan Alps (Tuscany, Italy): A review, Minerals, 10, 1092 [view file]
Theophrastus (315 BC) Gypsum, in De Lapidibus, translated by Eichholz D E, 1965 Clarendon Press Oxford 83-85 [view file]

REFERENCES for Gypsum

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Agricola G (1546) Gypsum, in De Natura Fossilium translated by Bandy M C, Bandy J A 1955 Geological Society of America New York 89-93

Wallerius J G (1747) in Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket Stockholm [view file]

Reusch E (1869) Die Körnerprobe am krystallisirten Gyps, Annalen der Physik, 212, 135-137 [view file]

Milton C, Johnston W D (1938) Sulphate minerals of the Comstock Lode, Nevada, Economic Geology, 33, 749-771 [view file]

Flörke O W (1952) Kristallographische und röntgenometrische untersuchungen im system CaSO₄ - CaSO₄·2H₂O, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 4, 180-240 [view file]

Papezik V S, Fong C C K (1975) Howlite and ulexite from the carboniferous gypsum and anhydrite beds in western Newfoundland, The Canadian Mineralogist, 13, 370-376 [view file]

Pedersen B F, Semmingsen D (1982) Neutron diffraction refinement of the structure of gypsum, CaSO₄·2H₂O, Acta Crystallographica, B38, 1074-1077 [view file]

Abriel V W (1983) Calcium sulfat subhydrat, CaSO₄·0,8H₂O, Acta Crystallographica, C39, 956-958 [view file]

Lager G A, Armbruster T, Rotella F J, Jorgensen J D, Hinks D G (1984) A crystallographic study of the low-temperature dehydration products of gypsum, CaSO₄·2H₂O: hemihydrate CaSO₄·0.50H₂O, and γ-CaSO₄, American Mineralogist, 69, 910-918 [view file]

Mungall J E, Frape S K, Gigson I L, Kamineni D C (1987) Rare-earth abundances in host granitic rocks and fracture-filling gypsum associated with saline groundwaters from a deep borehole, Atikokan, Ontario, The Canadian Mineralogist, 25, 539-543 [view file]

Tazaki K, Mori T, Nonaka T (1992) Microbial jarosite and gypsum from corrosion of Portland cement concrete, The Canadian Mineralogist, 30, 431-444 [view file]

Cooper M A, Hawthorne F C (1996) The crystal structure of rapidcreekite, Ca₂(SO₄)(CO₃)(H₂O)₄, and its relation to the structure of gypsum, The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 99-106 [view file]

Schofield P F, Knight K S, Stretton I C (1996) Thermal expansion of gypsum investigated by neutron powder diffraction, American Mineralogist, 81, 847-851 [view file]

Kontoyannis C G, Orkoula M G, Koutsoukos P G (1997) Quantitative analysis of sulfated calcium carbonates using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction, Analyst, 122, 33-38

Sarma L P, Prasad P S R, Ravikumar N (1998) Raman spectroscopic study of phase transitions in natural gypsum, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 29, 851-856

Boeyens J C A, Ichharam V V H (2002) Redetermination of the crystal structure of calcium sulphate dihydrate, CaSO₄·2H₂O, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. New Crystal Structures, 217, 9-10

Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]

Cabral A R, Lehmann B, Kwitko-Ribeiro R, Jones R D, Rocha Filho O G (2003) On the association of palladium-bearing gold, hematite, and gypsum in an Ouro Preto nugget, The Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 473-478 [view file]

De la Torre Á G, López-Olmo M G, Álvarez-Rua C, García-Granda S, Aranda M A G (2004) Structure and microstructure of gypsum and its relevance to Rietveld quantitative phase analyses, Powder Diffraction, 19, 240-246

Hamilton V E, McSween H Y, Hapke B (2005) Mineralogy of Martian atmospheric dust inferred from thermal infrared spectra of aerosols, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E12006 [link]

Lane M D (2007) Mid-infrared emission spectroscopy of sulfate and sulfate-bearing minerals, American Mineralogist, 92, 1-18 [view file]

Carbone M, Ballirano P, Caminiti R (2008) Kinetics of gypsum dehydration at reduced pressure: an energy dispersive x-ray diffraction study, European Journal of Mineralogy, 20, 621-627 [view file]

Christensen A N, Olesen M, Cerenius Y, Jensen T R (2008) Formation and transformation of five different phases in the CaSO₄-H₂O system: Crystal structure of the subhydrate β-CaSO₄·0.5H₂O and soluble anhydrite CaSO₄, Chemistry of Materials, 20, 2124-2132

Comodi P, Nazzareni S, Zanazzi P F, Speziale S (2008) High-pressure behavior of gypsum: A single-crystal X-ray study, American Mineralogist, 93, 1530-1537 [view file]

Buzgar N, Buzatu A, Sanislav I V (2009) The Raman study on certain sulfates, Annalele Stiintifice ale Universitatii, 55, 5-23 [view file]

Jehlička J, Vítek P, Edwards H G M, Hargreaves M D, Čapoun T (2009) Fast detection of sulphate minerals (gypsum, anglesite, baryte) by a portable Raman spectrometer, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 40, 1082-1086

Seufert S, Hesse C, Goetz-Neunhoeffer F, Neubauer J (2009) Discrimination of bassanite and anhydrite III dehydrated from gypsum at different temperatures, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 30, 447-452 [view file]

Hildyard R C, Llana-Fúnez S, Wheeler J, Faulkner D R, Prior D J (2011) Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis of bassanite transformation textures and crystal structure produced from experimentally deformed and dehydrated gypsum, Journal of Petrology, 52, 839-856 [view file]

Harrison T N (2012) Experimental VNIR reflectance spectroscopy of gypsum dehydration: investigating the gypsum to bassanite transition, American Mineralogist, 97, 598-609 [view file]

Robertson K, Bish D (2013) Constraints on the distribution of CaSO₄·nH₂O phases on Mars and implications for their contribution to the hydrological cycle, Icarus, 223, 407-417

Sabron P, Alpers C N (2013) Raman spectroscopy of efflorescent sulfate salts from Iron Mountain Mine Superfund Site, California, Astrobiology, 13, 270-278

Bishop J L, Lane M D, Dyar M D, King S J, Brown A J, Swayze G A (2014) Spectral properties of Ca-sulfates: gypsum, bassanite, and anhydrite, American Mineralogist, 99, 2105-2115

Lopez-Reyes G, Sobron P, Lefebvre C, Rull F (2014) Multivariate analysis of Raman spectra for the identification of sulfates: Implications for ExoMars, American Mineralogist, 99, 1570-1579

Sobron P, Bishop J L, Blake D F, Chen B, Rull F (2014) Natural Fe-bearing oxides and sulfates from the Rio Tinto Mars analog site: Critical assessment of VNIR reflectance spectroscopy, laser Raman spectroscopy, and XRD as mineral identification tools, American Mineralogist, 99, 1199-1205

Geng G, Myers R J, Kilcoyne A L D, Ha J, Monteiro P J M (2017) Ca L_2,3-edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure of tricalcium aluminate, gypsum, and calcium (sulfo)aluminate hydrates, American Mineralogist, 102, 900-908

Vaniman D T, Martinez G M, Rampe E B, Bristow T F, Blake D F, Yen A S, Ming D W, Rapin W, Meslin P Y, Morookian J M, Downs R T, Chipera S J, Morris R V, Morrison S M, Treiman A H, Achilles C N, Robertson K, Grotzinger J P, Hazen R M, Wiens R C, Sumner D Y (2018) Gypsum, bassanite, and anhydrite at Gale crater, Mars, American Mineralogist, 103, 1011-1020 [view file]

Biagioni C, Mauro D, Pasero M (2020) Sulfates from the pyrite ore deposits of the Apuan Alps (Tuscany, Italy): A review, Minerals, 10, 1092 [view file]

Theophrastus (315 BC) Gypsum, in De Lapidibus, translated by Eichholz D E, 1965 Clarendon Press Oxford 83-85 [view file]