----- R060045 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Actinolite R060045

Name: Actinolite
RRUFF ID: R060045
Ideal Chemistry: ◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Locality: Colorado, USA
Source: University of Arizona Mineral Museum 13272 [view label]
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Green prismatic crystals in a radial arrangement
Status: The identification of this mineral has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis

Mineral Group: [ amphibole (107) ]

Quick search: [ All Actinolite samples (11) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R060045.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	(Ca_1.99Na_0.01)_Σ=2(Mg_4.20Fe²⁺_0.59Al_0.09Fe³⁺_0.08Mn_0.02Ti_0.01)_Σ=5(Si_7.82Al_0.18)_Σ=8O₂₂(OH)₂
Microprobe Data File:	[ Download Excel File ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Sample is oriented, mounted onto a pin.

Pin ID:

M00311

Orientation:

Laser parallel to c* (0 0 1). Fiducial mark perpendicular to laser is parallel to a [1 0 0].

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

Raman Mode Analysis

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R060045

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

INFRARED SPECTRUM (Attenuated Total Reflectance)

RRUFF ID:

R060045.1

Sample Description:

Powder

Instrument settings:

SensIR Durascope on a Nicolet Magna 860 FTIR

Resolution:

DOWNLOADS:

	Infrared Data (Processed)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R060045.1

Sample Description:

Powder

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 9.8485(4)Å b: 18.077(1)Å c: 5.2836(4)Å
alpha: 90° beta: 104.781(6)° gamma: 90° Volume: 909.54(7)Å³ Crystal System: monoclinic

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	Cell Refinement Data
	Cell Refinement Output Data
	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - Processed)
	RRUFF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Actinolite
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Kirwan R (1794) 16th species: actynolite, in Elements of Mineralogy, 2nd Edition, Volume 1 Elmsly London 167-170 [view file]
Winchell A N (1931) Further studies in the amphibole group, American Mineralogist, 16, 250-266 [view file]
Hutton C O (1950) Studies of heavy detrital minerals, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 61, 635-710 [view file]
Klein C (1966) Mineralogy and petrology of the metamorphosed Wabush Iron Formation, Southwestern Labrador, Journal of Petrology, 7, 246-305
Leake B E (1978) Nomenclature of amphiboles, American Mineralogist, 63, 1023-1052 [view file]
Goldman D S, Rossman G R (1982) The identification of Fe²⁺ in the M4 site of calcic amphiboles: reply, American Mineralogist, 67, 340-342 [view file]
Spear F S (1982) Phase equilibria of amphibolites from the post pond volcanics, Mt. cube quadrangle, Vermont, Journal of Petrology, 23, 383-426
Dorling M, Zussman J (1985) An investigation of nephrite jade by electron microscopy, Mineralogical Magazine, 49, 31-36 [view file]
Arai S, Hirai H (1986) Nickeloan manganoan subcalcic actinolite in a metachert from the Mineoka belt, central Japan, The Canadian Mineralogist, 24, 475-477 [view file]
Blount A M (1990) Detection and quantification of asbestos and other trace minerals in powdered industrial-mineral samples, in Process Mineralogy IX The Mineral, Metals & Materials Society, edited by W Petruk, R D Hagni, S Pignolet-Brandom, D M Hausen 557-570 [view file]
Leake B E, Woolley A R, Arps C E S, Birch W D, Gilbert M C, Grice J D, Hawthorne F C, Kato A, Kisch H J, Krivovichev V G, Linthout K, Laird J, Mandarino J A, Maresch W V, Nickel E H, Rock N M S, Schumacher J C, Smith D C, Stephenson N C N, Ungaretti L, Whittaker E J W, Youzhi G (1997) Nomenclature of amphiboles: report of the Subcommittee on Amphiboles of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 219-246 [view file]
Evans B W, Yang H (1998) Fe-Mg order-disorder in tremolite-actinolite-ferro-actinolte at ambient and high temperature, American Mineralogist, 83, 458-475 [view file]
Mikouchi T, Miyamoto M (2000) Micro Raman spectroscopy of amphiboles and pyroxenes in the martian meteorites Zagami and Lewis Cliff 88516, Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 35, 155-159 [view file]
Verkouteren J R, Wylie A G (2000) The tremolite-actinolite-ferro–actinolite series: systematic relationships among cell parameters, composition, optical properties, and habit, and evidence of discontinuities, American Mineralogist, 85, 1239-1254 [view file]
Huang E P (2002) Raman spectroscopic study of amphiboles, Doctoral Dissertation, 1, 1-138 [view file]
Su S C (2003) A rapid and accurate procedure for the determination of refractive indices of regulated asbestos minerals, American Mineralogist, 88, 1979-1982 [view file]
Gopal N O, Narasimhulu K V, Rao J L (2004) EPR, optical, infrared and Raman spectral studies of actinolite mineral, Spectrochimica Acta Part A-Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 60, 2441-2448 [link]
Day H W, Springer R K (2005) The first appearance of actinolite in the prehnite-pumpellyite facies, Sierra Nevada, California, The Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 89-104 [view file]
Millette J R, Bandli B R (2005) Asbestos identification using available standard methods, The Microscope, 53, 179-185
Petry R, Mastalerz R, Zahn S, Mayerhöfer T G, Völksch G, Viereck-Götte L, Kreher-Hartmann B, Holz L, Lankers M, Popp J (2006) Asbestos mineral analysis by UV Raman and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ChemPhysChem, 7, 414-420 [view file]
Harper M, Lee E G, Doorn S S, Hammond O (2008) Differentiating non-asbestiform amphibole and amphibole asbestos by size characteristics, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 5, 761-770 [view file]
Su S C (2008) in How to use the d-spacing/interfacial angle tables to index zone-axis patterns of amphibole asbestos minerals obtained by selected area electron diffraction in transmission electron microscope Asbestos Analysis Consulting Newark, Delaware 1-160 [view file]
Apopei A I, Buzgar N (2010) The Raman study of amphiboles, Analele Stiintifice Ale Universitatii, Al. I. Cuza Iasi Geologie, 56, 57-83 [view file]
Gunter M E (2010) Defining asbestos: differences between the built and natural environments, Chimia, 64, 747-752
Hawthorne F C, Oberti R, Harlow G E, Maresch W V, Martin R F, Schumacher J C, Welch M D (2012) Nomenclature of the amphibole supergroup, American Mineralogist, 97, 2031-2048 [view file]
Brown J M, Abramson E H (2016) Elasticity of calcium and calcium-sodium amphiboles, Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors, 261, 161-171
Thompson E C, Campbell A J, Liu Z (2016) In-situ infrared spectroscopic studies of hydroxyl in amphiboles at high pressure, American Mineralogist, 101, 706-712
Queffelec A, Fouéré P, Paris C, Stouvenot C, Bellot-Gurlet L (2018) Local production and long-distance procurement of beads and pendants with high mineralogical diversity in an early Saladoid settlement of Guadeloupe (French West Indies), Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 21, 275-288
Pieczka A, Stachowicz M, Zelek-Pogudz S, Gołębiowska B, Sęk M, Nejbert K, Kotowski J, Marciniak-Maliszewska B, Szuszkiewicz A, Szełęg E, Stadnicka K M, Woźniak K (2024) Scandian actinolite from Jordanów Śląski, Lower Silesia, Poland: Compositional evolution, crystal structure, and genetic implications, American Mineralogist, 109, 174-183
Su S C in A preliminary characterization of “Libby-type amphiboles” by SAED (Selected Area Electron Diffraction) Batta Labratories, Inc. Newark, Delaware 1-7 [view file]

REFERENCES for Actinolite

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Kirwan R (1794) 16th species: actynolite, in Elements of Mineralogy, 2nd Edition, Volume 1 Elmsly London 167-170 [view file]

Winchell A N (1931) Further studies in the amphibole group, American Mineralogist, 16, 250-266 [view file]

Hutton C O (1950) Studies of heavy detrital minerals, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 61, 635-710 [view file]

Klein C (1966) Mineralogy and petrology of the metamorphosed Wabush Iron Formation, Southwestern Labrador, Journal of Petrology, 7, 246-305

Leake B E (1978) Nomenclature of amphiboles, American Mineralogist, 63, 1023-1052 [view file]

Goldman D S, Rossman G R (1982) The identification of Fe²⁺ in the M4 site of calcic amphiboles: reply, American Mineralogist, 67, 340-342 [view file]

Spear F S (1982) Phase equilibria of amphibolites from the post pond volcanics, Mt. cube quadrangle, Vermont, Journal of Petrology, 23, 383-426

Dorling M, Zussman J (1985) An investigation of nephrite jade by electron microscopy, Mineralogical Magazine, 49, 31-36 [view file]

Arai S, Hirai H (1986) Nickeloan manganoan subcalcic actinolite in a metachert from the Mineoka belt, central Japan, The Canadian Mineralogist, 24, 475-477 [view file]

Blount A M (1990) Detection and quantification of asbestos and other trace minerals in powdered industrial-mineral samples, in Process Mineralogy IX The Mineral, Metals & Materials Society, edited by W Petruk, R D Hagni, S Pignolet-Brandom, D M Hausen 557-570 [view file]

Leake B E, Woolley A R, Arps C E S, Birch W D, Gilbert M C, Grice J D, Hawthorne F C, Kato A, Kisch H J, Krivovichev V G, Linthout K, Laird J, Mandarino J A, Maresch W V, Nickel E H, Rock N M S, Schumacher J C, Smith D C, Stephenson N C N, Ungaretti L, Whittaker E J W, Youzhi G (1997) Nomenclature of amphiboles: report of the Subcommittee on Amphiboles of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 219-246 [view file]

Evans B W, Yang H (1998) Fe-Mg order-disorder in tremolite-actinolite-ferro-actinolte at ambient and high temperature, American Mineralogist, 83, 458-475 [view file]

Mikouchi T, Miyamoto M (2000) Micro Raman spectroscopy of amphiboles and pyroxenes in the martian meteorites Zagami and Lewis Cliff 88516, Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 35, 155-159 [view file]

Verkouteren J R, Wylie A G (2000) The tremolite-actinolite-ferro–actinolite series: systematic relationships among cell parameters, composition, optical properties, and habit, and evidence of discontinuities, American Mineralogist, 85, 1239-1254 [view file]

Huang E P (2002) Raman spectroscopic study of amphiboles, Doctoral Dissertation, 1, 1-138 [view file]

Su S C (2003) A rapid and accurate procedure for the determination of refractive indices of regulated asbestos minerals, American Mineralogist, 88, 1979-1982 [view file]

Gopal N O, Narasimhulu K V, Rao J L (2004) EPR, optical, infrared and Raman spectral studies of actinolite mineral, Spectrochimica Acta Part A-Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 60, 2441-2448 [link]

Day H W, Springer R K (2005) The first appearance of actinolite in the prehnite-pumpellyite facies, Sierra Nevada, California, The Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 89-104 [view file]

Millette J R, Bandli B R (2005) Asbestos identification using available standard methods, The Microscope, 53, 179-185

Petry R, Mastalerz R, Zahn S, Mayerhöfer T G, Völksch G, Viereck-Götte L, Kreher-Hartmann B, Holz L, Lankers M, Popp J (2006) Asbestos mineral analysis by UV Raman and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ChemPhysChem, 7, 414-420 [view file]

Harper M, Lee E G, Doorn S S, Hammond O (2008) Differentiating non-asbestiform amphibole and amphibole asbestos by size characteristics, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 5, 761-770 [view file]

Su S C (2008) in How to use the d-spacing/interfacial angle tables to index zone-axis patterns of amphibole asbestos minerals obtained by selected area electron diffraction in transmission electron microscope Asbestos Analysis Consulting Newark, Delaware 1-160 [view file]

Apopei A I, Buzgar N (2010) The Raman study of amphiboles, Analele Stiintifice Ale Universitatii, Al. I. Cuza Iasi Geologie, 56, 57-83 [view file]

Gunter M E (2010) Defining asbestos: differences between the built and natural environments, Chimia, 64, 747-752

Hawthorne F C, Oberti R, Harlow G E, Maresch W V, Martin R F, Schumacher J C, Welch M D (2012) Nomenclature of the amphibole supergroup, American Mineralogist, 97, 2031-2048 [view file]

Brown J M, Abramson E H (2016) Elasticity of calcium and calcium-sodium amphiboles, Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors, 261, 161-171

Thompson E C, Campbell A J, Liu Z (2016) In-situ infrared spectroscopic studies of hydroxyl in amphiboles at high pressure, American Mineralogist, 101, 706-712

Queffelec A, Fouéré P, Paris C, Stouvenot C, Bellot-Gurlet L (2018) Local production and long-distance procurement of beads and pendants with high mineralogical diversity in an early Saladoid settlement of Guadeloupe (French West Indies), Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 21, 275-288

Pieczka A, Stachowicz M, Zelek-Pogudz S, Gołębiowska B, Sęk M, Nejbert K, Kotowski J, Marciniak-Maliszewska B, Szuszkiewicz A, Szełęg E, Stadnicka K M, Woźniak K (2024) Scandian actinolite from Jordanów Śląski, Lower Silesia, Poland: Compositional evolution, crystal structure, and genetic implications, American Mineralogist, 109, 174-183

Su S C in A preliminary characterization of “Libby-type amphiboles” by SAED (Selected Area Electron Diffraction) Batta Labratories, Inc. Newark, Delaware 1-7 [view file]