----- R110013 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Hematite R110013

Name: Hematite
RRUFF ID: R110013
Ideal Chemistry: Fe₂O₃
Locality: Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Source: University of Arizona Mineral Museum UAMM6901 [view label]
Owner: RRUFF
Description: A group of black lustrous euhedral crystals
Status: The identification of this mineral is confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis.

Mineral Group: [ Corundum (38) ]

Quick search: [ All Hematite samples (6) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R110013.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	Fe₂O₃ ; (Pure phase as determined by WDS analysis)

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Unoriented Raman on the primary sample

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R110013

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented Raman on the primary sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R110013.9

Sample Description:

Single crystal, powder profile is calculated

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 5.034(2)Å b: 5.034(2)Å c: 13.748(5)Å
alpha: 90° beta: 90° gamma: 120° Volume: 301.67(9)Å³ Crystal System: hexagonal

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Hematite
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Agricola G (1556) Hematite, in De Re Metallica, translated by Hoover H C and Hoover L H 1950 111-111 [view file]
Wallerius J G (1747) in Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket Stockholm [view file]
Pauling L, Hendricks S B (1925) The crystal structures of hematite and corundum, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 47, 781-790 [view file]
Hutton C O (1950) Studies of heavy detrital minerals, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 61, 635-710 [view file]
Bernal J D, Dasgupta D R, Mackay A L (1959) The oxides and hydroxides of iron and their structural inter-relationships, Clay Minerals Bulletin, 4, 15-30
Gorton A T, Bitsianes G, Joseph T L (1965) Thermal expansion coefficients for iron and its oxides from X-ray diffraction measurements at elevated temperatures, Transactions of the Metallurgical Society of AIME, 233, 1519-1525
Blake R L, Hessevick R E, Zoltai T, Finger L W (1966) Refinement of the hematite structure, American Mineralogist, 51, 123-129 [view file]
Pajari G E (1966) Abstract of paper presented at the eleventh meeting: The variation of magnetite–ulvospinel and hematite–ilmenite compositions in a differentiated alkaline intrusive, The Canadian Mineralogist, 8, 670-670 [view file]
International Mineralogical Association (1971) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 38, 102-105 [view file]
Finger L W, Hazen R M (1980) Crystal structure and isothermal compression of Fe₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, and V₂O₃ to 50 kbars, Journal of Applied Physics, 51, 5362-5367
International Mineralogical Association (1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 1053-1055 [view file]
Wolska E (1981) The structure of hydrohematite, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 154, 69-75 [view file]
Spear F S (1982) Phase equilibria of amphibolites from the post pond volcanics, Mt. cube quadrangle, Vermont, Journal of Petrology, 23, 383-426
Schwertmann U, Murad E (1983) Effect of pH on the formation of goethite and hematite from ferrihydrite, Clays and Clay Minerals, 31, 277-284 [view file]
Antipin M Y, Tsirelson V G, Flugge M P, Gerr R G, Struchkov Y T, Ozerov R P (1985) The electron density distribution in hematite α-Fe₂O₃ from precision X-ray diffraction data, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 281, 854-857 [view file]
Tsirelson V G, Antipin M Y, Streltsov R P, Ozerov R P, Struchkov Y T (1988) Electron density distribution and electric field gradient in hematite at 153 K determined from precision X-ray diffraction data, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 298, 1137-1141 [view file]
Wolska E, Schwertmann U (1989) Nonstoichiometric structures during dehydroxylation of goethite, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 189, 223-237 [view file]
Cornell R M, Giovanoli R (1991) Transformation of akaganéite into goethite and hematite in the presence of Mn, Clays and Clay Minerals, 39, 144-150 [view file]
Banin A, Ben-Shlomo T, Margulies L, Blake D F, Mancinelli R L (1993) The nanophase iron mineral(s) in Mars soil, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 20831-20853
Maslen E N, Streltsov V A, Streltsova N R, Ishizawa N (1994) Synchrotron X-ray study of the electron density in α-Fe₂O₃, Acta Crystallographica, B50, 435-441
Sadykov V A, Isupova L A, Tsybulya S V, Cherepanova S V, Litvak G S, Burgina E B, Kustova G N, Kolomiichuk V N, Ivanov V P, Paukshtis E A, Golovin A V, Avvakumov E G (1996) Effect of mechanical activation on the real structure and reactivity of iron(III) oxide with corundum-type structure, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 123, 191-202
Sawada H (1996) An electron density residual study of alpha-ferric oxide, Materials Research Bulletin, 31, 141-146
de Faria D L A, Silva S V, de Oliveira M T (1997) Raman microspectroscopy of some iron oxides and oxyhydroxides, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 28, 873-878 [link]
Oh S J, Cook D C, Townsend H E (1998) Characterization of iron oxides commonly formed as corrosion products on steel, Hyperfine Interactions, 112, 59-65 [link]
Yu S C, Lee J S, Tung S F, Lan C L (1999) Synthesis and structural features of a flux-grown hematite, Journal of the Geological Society of China, 42, 349-358 [view file]
Burgina E B, Kustova G N, Isupova L A, Tsybulya S V, Kryukova G N, Sadykov V A (2000) Investigation of the structure of protohematite - metastable phase of ferrum (III) oxide, Journal of Molecular catalysis A-Chemical, 158, 257-261 [link]
Rozenberg G K, Dubrovinsky L S, Pasternak M P, Naaman O, Le Bihan T, Ahuja R (2002) High-pressure structural studies of hematite Fe₂O₃, Physical Review B, 65, 064112
Shim S H, Duffy T S (2002) Spectroscopy of Fe₂O₃ to 62 GPa, American Mineralogist, 87, 318-326 [view file]
Cabral A R, Lehmann B, Kwitko-Ribeiro R, Jones R D, Rocha Filho O G (2003) On the association of palladium-bearing gold, hematite, and gypsum in an Ouro Preto nugget, The Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 473-478 [view file]
Baron V, Gutzmer J, Rundloef H, Tellgren R (2005) Neutron powder diffraction study of Mn-bearing hematite, α-(Fe_2-xMn_xO₃), in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.176, Solid State Sciences, 7, 753-759
Hamilton V E, McSween H Y, Hapke B (2005) Mineralogy of Martian atmospheric dust inferred from thermal infrared spectra of aerosols, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E12006 [link]
Kelm K, Mader W (2005) Synthesis and structural analysis of ε-Fe₂O₃, Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, 631, 2383-2389
Faria D L A, Lopes F N (2007) Heated goethite and natural hematite: can Raman spectroscopy be used to differentiate them?, Vibrational Spectroscopy, 45, 117-121
Hill A H, Jiao F, Bruce P G, Harrison A, Kockelmann W, Ritter C (2008) Neutron diffraction study of mesoporous and bulk hematite, α-Fe₂O₃, Chemistry of Materials, 20, 4891-4899
Pailhé N, Wattiaux A, Gaudon M, Demourgues A (2008) Impact of structural features on pigment properties of α-Fe₂O₃ haematite, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 181, 2697-2704
Gotic M, Koscec G, Music S (2009) Study of the reduction and reoxidation of substoichiometric magnetite, Journal of Molecular Structure, 924-26, 347-354
Mitra S, Das S, Basu S, Sahu P, Mandal K (2009) Shape- and field-dependent Morin transitions in structured α-Fe₂O₃, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 321, 2925-2931
Sakurai S, Namai A, Hashimoto K, Ohkoshi S (2009) First observation of phase transformation of all four Fe₂O₃ phases (γ->ε->β->α-phase), Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131, 18299-18303
Schouwink P, Dubrovinsky L, Glazyrin K, Merlini M, Hanfland M, Pippinger T, Miletich R (2011) High-pressure structural behavior of α-Fe₂O₃ studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and synchrotron radiation up to 25 GPa, American Mineralogist, 96, 1781-1786 [view file]
Woodland A B, Frost D J, Trots D M, Klimm K, Mezouar M (2012) In situ observation of the breakdown of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) to Fe₄O₅ and hematite at high pressures and temperatures, American Mineralogist, 97, 1808-1811 [view file]
Peterson K M, Heaney P J, Post J E, Eng P J (2015) A refined monoclinic structure for a variety of "hydrohematite", American Mineralogist, 100, 570-579
Kreissl S, Bolanz R, Göttlicher J, Steininger R, Tarassov, Markl G (2016) Structural incorporation of W⁶⁺ into hematite and goethite: A combined study of natural and synthetic iron oxides developed from precursor ferrihydrite and the preservation of ancient fluid compositions in hematite, American Mineralogist, 101, 2701-2715
Brok E, Frandsen C, Lefmann K, McEnroe S, Robinson P, Burton B P, Hansen T C, Harrison R (2017) Spin orientation in solid solution hematite-ilmenite, American Mineralogist, 102, 1234-1243
Bowles J F W, Suárez S, Prichard H M, Fisher P C (2018) The mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of the alluvial platinum-group minerals of the Freetown Layered Complex, Sierra Leone, Mineralogical Magazine, 82, S223-S246
Grey I E, Kampf A R, Keck E, MacRae C M, Cashion J D, Gozukara Y (2018) Crystal chemistry of schoonerite-group minerals, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 621-634 [view file]
Grey I E, Keck E, Macrae C M, Glenn A M, Mumme W G, Kampf A R, Cashion J D (2018) Secondary Zn-bearing phosphate minerals associated with alteration of phosphophyllite at Hagendorf-Süd, Bavaria, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 1007-1020
Negrão L B A, Da Costa M L, Pöllmann H, Horn A (2018) An application of the Rietveld refinement method to the mineralogy of a bauxite-bearing regolith in the Lower Amazon, Mineralogical Magazine, 82, 413-431
Voelz J L, Arnold W A, Penn R L (2018) Redox-induced nucleation and growth of goethite on synthetic hematite nanoparticles, American Mineralogist, 103, 1021-1029
Hikosaka K, Sinmyo R, Hirose K, Ishii T, Ohishi Y (2019) The stability of Fe₅O₆ and Fe₄O₅ at high pressure and temperature, American Mineralogist, 104, 1356-1359
Knafelc J, Filiberto J, Ferré E C, Conder J A, Costello L, Crandall J R, Dyar M D, Friedman S A, Hummer D R, Schwenzer S P (2019) The effect of oxidation on the mineralogy and magnetic properties of olivine, American Mineralogist, 104, 694-702
Xu H, Jin S, Lee S, Hobbs F W C (2019) Nano-phase KNa(Si₆Al₂)O₁₆ in adularia: A new member in the alkali feldspar series with ordered K-Na distribution, Minerals, 9, 649 (1-9)

REFERENCES for Hematite

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Agricola G (1556) Hematite, in De Re Metallica, translated by Hoover H C and Hoover L H 1950 111-111 [view file]

Wallerius J G (1747) in Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket Stockholm [view file]

Pauling L, Hendricks S B (1925) The crystal structures of hematite and corundum, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 47, 781-790 [view file]

Hutton C O (1950) Studies of heavy detrital minerals, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 61, 635-710 [view file]

Bernal J D, Dasgupta D R, Mackay A L (1959) The oxides and hydroxides of iron and their structural inter-relationships, Clay Minerals Bulletin, 4, 15-30

Gorton A T, Bitsianes G, Joseph T L (1965) Thermal expansion coefficients for iron and its oxides from X-ray diffraction measurements at elevated temperatures, Transactions of the Metallurgical Society of AIME, 233, 1519-1525

Blake R L, Hessevick R E, Zoltai T, Finger L W (1966) Refinement of the hematite structure, American Mineralogist, 51, 123-129 [view file]

Pajari G E (1966) Abstract of paper presented at the eleventh meeting: The variation of magnetite–ulvospinel and hematite–ilmenite compositions in a differentiated alkaline intrusive, The Canadian Mineralogist, 8, 670-670 [view file]

International Mineralogical Association (1971) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 38, 102-105 [view file]

Finger L W, Hazen R M (1980) Crystal structure and isothermal compression of Fe₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, and V₂O₃ to 50 kbars, Journal of Applied Physics, 51, 5362-5367

International Mineralogical Association (1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 1053-1055 [view file]

Wolska E (1981) The structure of hydrohematite, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 154, 69-75 [view file]

Spear F S (1982) Phase equilibria of amphibolites from the post pond volcanics, Mt. cube quadrangle, Vermont, Journal of Petrology, 23, 383-426

Schwertmann U, Murad E (1983) Effect of pH on the formation of goethite and hematite from ferrihydrite, Clays and Clay Minerals, 31, 277-284 [view file]

Antipin M Y, Tsirelson V G, Flugge M P, Gerr R G, Struchkov Y T, Ozerov R P (1985) The electron density distribution in hematite α-Fe₂O₃ from precision X-ray diffraction data, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 281, 854-857 [view file]

Tsirelson V G, Antipin M Y, Streltsov R P, Ozerov R P, Struchkov Y T (1988) Electron density distribution and electric field gradient in hematite at 153 K determined from precision X-ray diffraction data, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 298, 1137-1141 [view file]

Wolska E, Schwertmann U (1989) Nonstoichiometric structures during dehydroxylation of goethite, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 189, 223-237 [view file]

Cornell R M, Giovanoli R (1991) Transformation of akaganéite into goethite and hematite in the presence of Mn, Clays and Clay Minerals, 39, 144-150 [view file]

Banin A, Ben-Shlomo T, Margulies L, Blake D F, Mancinelli R L (1993) The nanophase iron mineral(s) in Mars soil, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 20831-20853

Maslen E N, Streltsov V A, Streltsova N R, Ishizawa N (1994) Synchrotron X-ray study of the electron density in α-Fe₂O₃, Acta Crystallographica, B50, 435-441

Sadykov V A, Isupova L A, Tsybulya S V, Cherepanova S V, Litvak G S, Burgina E B, Kustova G N, Kolomiichuk V N, Ivanov V P, Paukshtis E A, Golovin A V, Avvakumov E G (1996) Effect of mechanical activation on the real structure and reactivity of iron(III) oxide with corundum-type structure, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 123, 191-202

Sawada H (1996) An electron density residual study of alpha-ferric oxide, Materials Research Bulletin, 31, 141-146

de Faria D L A, Silva S V, de Oliveira M T (1997) Raman microspectroscopy of some iron oxides and oxyhydroxides, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 28, 873-878 [link]

Oh S J, Cook D C, Townsend H E (1998) Characterization of iron oxides commonly formed as corrosion products on steel, Hyperfine Interactions, 112, 59-65 [link]

Yu S C, Lee J S, Tung S F, Lan C L (1999) Synthesis and structural features of a flux-grown hematite, Journal of the Geological Society of China, 42, 349-358 [view file]

Burgina E B, Kustova G N, Isupova L A, Tsybulya S V, Kryukova G N, Sadykov V A (2000) Investigation of the structure of protohematite - metastable phase of ferrum (III) oxide, Journal of Molecular catalysis A-Chemical, 158, 257-261 [link]

Rozenberg G K, Dubrovinsky L S, Pasternak M P, Naaman O, Le Bihan T, Ahuja R (2002) High-pressure structural studies of hematite Fe₂O₃, Physical Review B, 65, 064112

Shim S H, Duffy T S (2002) Spectroscopy of Fe₂O₃ to 62 GPa, American Mineralogist, 87, 318-326 [view file]

Cabral A R, Lehmann B, Kwitko-Ribeiro R, Jones R D, Rocha Filho O G (2003) On the association of palladium-bearing gold, hematite, and gypsum in an Ouro Preto nugget, The Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 473-478 [view file]

Baron V, Gutzmer J, Rundloef H, Tellgren R (2005) Neutron powder diffraction study of Mn-bearing hematite, α-(Fe_2-xMn_xO₃), in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.176, Solid State Sciences, 7, 753-759

Hamilton V E, McSween H Y, Hapke B (2005) Mineralogy of Martian atmospheric dust inferred from thermal infrared spectra of aerosols, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E12006 [link]

Kelm K, Mader W (2005) Synthesis and structural analysis of ε-Fe₂O₃, Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, 631, 2383-2389

Faria D L A, Lopes F N (2007) Heated goethite and natural hematite: can Raman spectroscopy be used to differentiate them?, Vibrational Spectroscopy, 45, 117-121

Hill A H, Jiao F, Bruce P G, Harrison A, Kockelmann W, Ritter C (2008) Neutron diffraction study of mesoporous and bulk hematite, α-Fe₂O₃, Chemistry of Materials, 20, 4891-4899

Pailhé N, Wattiaux A, Gaudon M, Demourgues A (2008) Impact of structural features on pigment properties of α-Fe₂O₃ haematite, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 181, 2697-2704

Gotic M, Koscec G, Music S (2009) Study of the reduction and reoxidation of substoichiometric magnetite, Journal of Molecular Structure, 924-26, 347-354

Mitra S, Das S, Basu S, Sahu P, Mandal K (2009) Shape- and field-dependent Morin transitions in structured α-Fe₂O₃, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 321, 2925-2931

Sakurai S, Namai A, Hashimoto K, Ohkoshi S (2009) First observation of phase transformation of all four Fe₂O₃ phases (γ->ε->β->α-phase), Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131, 18299-18303

Schouwink P, Dubrovinsky L, Glazyrin K, Merlini M, Hanfland M, Pippinger T, Miletich R (2011) High-pressure structural behavior of α-Fe₂O₃ studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and synchrotron radiation up to 25 GPa, American Mineralogist, 96, 1781-1786 [view file]

Woodland A B, Frost D J, Trots D M, Klimm K, Mezouar M (2012) In situ observation of the breakdown of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) to Fe₄O₅ and hematite at high pressures and temperatures, American Mineralogist, 97, 1808-1811 [view file]

Peterson K M, Heaney P J, Post J E, Eng P J (2015) A refined monoclinic structure for a variety of "hydrohematite", American Mineralogist, 100, 570-579

Kreissl S, Bolanz R, Göttlicher J, Steininger R, Tarassov, Markl G (2016) Structural incorporation of W⁶⁺ into hematite and goethite: A combined study of natural and synthetic iron oxides developed from precursor ferrihydrite and the preservation of ancient fluid compositions in hematite, American Mineralogist, 101, 2701-2715

Brok E, Frandsen C, Lefmann K, McEnroe S, Robinson P, Burton B P, Hansen T C, Harrison R (2017) Spin orientation in solid solution hematite-ilmenite, American Mineralogist, 102, 1234-1243

Bowles J F W, Suárez S, Prichard H M, Fisher P C (2018) The mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of the alluvial platinum-group minerals of the Freetown Layered Complex, Sierra Leone, Mineralogical Magazine, 82, S223-S246

Grey I E, Kampf A R, Keck E, MacRae C M, Cashion J D, Gozukara Y (2018) Crystal chemistry of schoonerite-group minerals, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 621-634 [view file]

Grey I E, Keck E, Macrae C M, Glenn A M, Mumme W G, Kampf A R, Cashion J D (2018) Secondary Zn-bearing phosphate minerals associated with alteration of phosphophyllite at Hagendorf-Süd, Bavaria, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 1007-1020

Negrão L B A, Da Costa M L, Pöllmann H, Horn A (2018) An application of the Rietveld refinement method to the mineralogy of a bauxite-bearing regolith in the Lower Amazon, Mineralogical Magazine, 82, 413-431

Voelz J L, Arnold W A, Penn R L (2018) Redox-induced nucleation and growth of goethite on synthetic hematite nanoparticles, American Mineralogist, 103, 1021-1029

Hikosaka K, Sinmyo R, Hirose K, Ishii T, Ohishi Y (2019) The stability of Fe₅O₆ and Fe₄O₅ at high pressure and temperature, American Mineralogist, 104, 1356-1359

Knafelc J, Filiberto J, Ferré E C, Conder J A, Costello L, Crandall J R, Dyar M D, Friedman S A, Hummer D R, Schwenzer S P (2019) The effect of oxidation on the mineralogy and magnetic properties of olivine, American Mineralogist, 104, 694-702

Xu H, Jin S, Lee S, Hobbs F W C (2019) Nano-phase KNa(Si₆Al₂)O₁₆ in adularia: A new member in the alkali feldspar series with ordered K-Na distribution, Minerals, 9, 649 (1-9)