Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District), Galiuro Mts, Pinal Co., Arizona, USA

Oldest recorded age at locality: 82.5
Youngest recorded age at locality: 52

mindat Locality ID: 46484
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-46484.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District), Galiuro Mts, Pinal Co., Arizona, USA": 53
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 39

Number of Child Localities: 13
Child Localities:
Blue Bird Mine (Bluebird Mine; Zilla Mine; Twin-S Mine; Cumberland Mine; Thornewood Mine; Blue Bird Silver Mining Co. Property)
Copper Creek
Copper Creek (Copper Creek Canyon)
Copper Creek Area
Hat Top Mountain Area
Mercer Ranch Area
Red Bird Mine
San Francisco No. 1 Claim
Sombrero Butte Area
Sombrero Butte Peak Area
Superior Claim (MS 3118 Claim)
Table Mountain
Table Mountain Area

Latitude: 32°46'46"N
Longitude: 110°29'43"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 32.779444444444,-110.49527777778
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba C Ca Cl Cu Fe H K Mg Mn Mo Na O P Pb S Sb Si Ti U V W Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al Ca Cu H O S Si 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAjoiteAllophaneAluniteAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteAtacamiteBaryteBrochantite
CalciteChalcanthiteChalcopyriteClayConnelliteCopperCorundumCovelliteDescloiziteEnargite
FeldsparGypsumKaoliniteMalachiteMicaMolybdeniteNatroliteNoneNot in a structural groupPyrite
QuartzRocksaltRutileScheeliteSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteTetrahedriteTourmalineWurtzite

67 IMA Minerals at location:
Acanthite  (*)Ajoite  (*)Albite  (*)Allophane  (*)Anglesite  (*)
Anhydrite  (*)Antlerite  (*)Atacamite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Beudantite  (*)Bornite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Calcite  (*)Cerussite  (*)
Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chlorargyrite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)
Connellite  (*)Copper  (*)Corkite  (*)Covellite  (*)Cuprite  (*)
Descloizite  (*)Djurleite  (*)Dravite  (*)Enargite  (*)Ferrimolybdite  (*)
Galena  (*)Gold  (*)Gypsum  (*)Hematite  (*)Jarosite  (*)
Kaolinite  (*)Libethenite  (*)Lindgrenite  (*)Malachite  (*)Manganite  (*)
Markascherite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Nontronite  (*)Olivenite  (*)
Orthoclase  (*)Orthoserpierite  (*)Powellite  (*)Pseudomalachite  (*)Pyrite  (*)
Pyrolusite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)Quartz  (*)Rosasite  (*)Rutile  (*)
Scheelite  (*)Schorl  (*)Scolecite  (*)Silver  (*)Sphalerite  (*)
Stromeyerite  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)Tenorite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Torbernite  (*)
Vésigniéite  (*)Wulfenite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite  (*)AcanthiteAg2S62522145523,1455692793
Ajoite  (*)AjoiteK3Cu2+20Al3Si29O76(OH)16·8H2O59572145540,14555311
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)67.45211455408803
Allophane  (*)AllophaneAl2O3(SiO2)1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H2O67.4521145548470
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)625211455232734
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)62.260.511455471588
Antlerite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2+3(SO4)(OH)46160.41145544246
Atacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)359571145548544
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)262522145523,1455445509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)67.4522145548,14556911547
Beudantite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)66160.41145544413
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS462525145523,145543,145544,145547,1455485516
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)661.55701633
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)67.4526145523,145544,145547,145549,145569,14557527770
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)625211455234979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O62524145525,145526,145546,145548925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S62526145523,145526,145544,145546,145548,1455695707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2625210145523,145525,145537,145539,145543,145544,145546,145547,145548,14556927198
Chlorargyrite  (*)RocksaltAgCl625211455231382
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O62524145523,145531,145548,1455623531
Connellite  (*)ConnelliteCu36(SO4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O6160.41145544295
Copper  (*)CopperCu61572145544,1455463846
Corkite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)66160.41145544151
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS62523145523,145544,1455484165
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O62522145544,1455622970
Descloizite  (*)DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)62521145523378
Djurleite  (*)NoneCu31S1662521145561300
Dravite  (*)TourmalineNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)67.4521145540648
Enargite  (*)Enargite WurtziteCu3AsS46160.41145544910
Ferrimolybdite  (*)NoneFe3+2(Mo6+O4)3·7H2O6160.41145544345
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS62525145523,145539,145543,145544,14556924243
Gold  (*)CopperAu6160.4114554430554
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O6160.411455446890
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O362523145544,145556,14557514640
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)667.45211455482228
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4625211455235591
Libethenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(PO4)(OH)59571145548234
Lindgrenite  (*)NoneCu3(Mo6+O4)2(OH)26160.4114554421
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)262527145523,145539,145540,145544,145548,145556,14555812537
Manganite  (*)RutileMn3+O(OH)62521145573770
Markascherite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(MoO4)(OH)46160.411455441
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS26160.44145543,145544,145546,1455485800
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)267.4529145523,145526,145533,145537,145543,145544,145546,145548,14555617380
Nontronite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculiteNa0.3Fe3+2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O67.4521145540471
Olivenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(AsO4)(OH)59571145548492
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)6160.411455442349
Orthoserpierite  (*)NoneCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O59573145540,145544,14554540
Powellite  (*)ScheeliteCa(MoO4)6160.41145544494
Pseudomalachite  (*)NoneCu5(PO4)2(OH)461573145540,145544,145548369
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2625213145523,145526,145528,145529,145530,145532,145534,145535,145543,145544,145546,145548,14555239462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO2625211455753106
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl6160.411455441725
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO267.4524145540,145541,145544,14554761156
Rosasite  (*)MalachiteCuZn(CO3)(OH)26160.42145540,145544454
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO267.4522145544,1455485614
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)6160.411455444894
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)67.4523145543,145544,1455482705
Scolecite  (*)NatroliteCa(Si3Al2)O10·3H2O82.5520390
Silver  (*)CopperAg62522145523,1455445186
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS62523145523,145543,14554421482
Stromeyerite  (*)NoneCuAgS62522145523,145544332
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S1362522145523,1455441803
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO62522145531,1455481101
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S1362524145523,145544,145548,1455695317
Torbernite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(PO4)2·12H2O61572145544,1455481059
Vésigniéite  (*)NoneCu3Ba(VO4)2(OH)262522145561,14556246
Wulfenite  (*)ScheelitePbMoO46160.42145523,1455441655


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Michelle_359Unexposed breccia pipe that is 800 m deep and 180 m in width. One of more than 500 breccia pipes in the district hosted by the Copper Creek Granodiorite and Glory Hole volcanic rocks. The pipe consists of angular clasts of granodiorite cemented by quartz, chalcopyrite, bornite, anhydrite, and calcite.
Michelle_360Unexposed breccia pipe that is 800 m deep and 180 m in width. One of more than 500 breccia pipes in the district hosted by the Copper Creek Granodiorite and Glory Hole volcanic rocks.The pipe consists of angular clasts of granodiorite cemented by quartz, chalcopyrite, bornite, anhydrite, and calcite.


10 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
NAVDAT-2997682.567.575±7.5   29976    130433Unnamed Copper Prospect (7), Copper Creek, Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District), Galiuro Mts, Pinal Co., Arizona, USA NAVDAT NAVDAT 
Giersdorf_0000036067.464.265.8±1.6K-ArLate-stage age of Copper Creek Granodiorite mineralization which contains the sulpher mineralization UAKA-71-17    7835Copper Creek (Copper Creek Canyon), Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District), Galiuro Mts, Pinal Co., Arizona, USACopper CreekShafiqullah et al. (1980) AGSD12_201 
Mo-001056160.460.7±0.3Re-Os molybdeniteCC-1  MolybdeniteFerrimolybdite, Lindgrenite, Molybdenite, WulfeniteMo7835Copper Creek (Copper Creek Canyon), Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District), Galiuro Mts, Pinal Co., Arizona, USACopper CreekBarra et al. (2005)10.2113/gsecongeo.100.8.1605EG100_1605 
EG94_211-00044626262Pb-Pb whole rock?C22    194728Copper Creek, Copper Creek (Copper Creek Canyon), Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District), Galiuro Mts, Pinal Co., Arizona, USACopper CreekBouse et al. (1999)10.2113/gsecongeo.94.2.211EG94_211 
EG94_211-00045575757±Pb-Pb whole rock?C31    194728Copper Creek, Copper Creek (Copper Creek Canyon), Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District), Galiuro Mts, Pinal Co., Arizona, USACopper CreekBouse et al. (1999)10.2113/gsecongeo.94.2.211EG94_211 
EG94_211-00046525252Pb-Pb whole rock?C43    194728Copper Creek, Copper Creek (Copper Creek Canyon), Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District), Galiuro Mts, Pinal Co., Arizona, USACopper CreekBouse et al. (1999)10.2113/gsecongeo.94.2.211EG94_211 
PorphCu-00686595759–57      Bornite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Covellite, Cuprite, Enargite, Epidote, Ferrimolybdite, Galena, Magnetite, Molybdenite, Montmorillonite, Pyrite, SphaleriteCu194728Copper Creek, Copper Creek (Copper Creek Canyon), Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District), Galiuro Mts, Pinal Co., Arizona, USACopper CreekSinger et al. (2008) USGSOFR2008_1155 
Mo-002446160.461–60.4Re-Os molybdenite   MolybdeniteFerrimolybdite, Lindgrenite, Molybdenite, Wulfenite, MarkascheriteMo41346Childs-Adwinkle Mine (Childs And Altwilkle Mine; Childs-Aldwinkle Mine), Copper Creek, Copper Creek (Copper Creek Canyon), Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District), Galiuro Mts, Pinal Co., Arizona, USAChilds-Aldwinkle MineBarra et al. (2005)10.2113/gsecongeo.100.8.1605EG100_1605 
Michelle_35962.260.861.5±0.7Ar-ArAge of Copper Creek Granodiorite host rockbiotite     204526Mammoth Breccia Pipe, Copper Creek, Copper Creek (Copper Creek Canyon), Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District), Galiuro Mts, Pinal Co., Arizona, USAMammoth Breccia PipeAnderson et al. (2009)10.1007/s00126-008-0206-2MD44_151Age of Copper Creek Granodiorite host rock
Michelle_36061.560.561.0±0.5Ar-ArAge of alteration and copper mineralizationsericite    Cu204526Mammoth Breccia Pipe, Copper Creek, Copper Creek (Copper Creek Canyon), Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District), Galiuro Mts, Pinal Co., Arizona, USAMammoth Breccia PipeAnderson et al. (2009)10.1007/s00126-008-0206-2MD44_151Age of alteration and copper mineralization

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R060977Copper Creek, Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District), Galiuro Mts, Pinal Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R060977
R110045Childs-Adwinkle Mine (Childs And Altwilkle Mine; Childs-Aldwinkle Mine), Copper Creek, Copper Creek (Copper Creek Canyon), Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District), Galiuro Mts, Pinal Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R110045
R110061Childs-Adwinkle Mine (Childs And Altwilkle Mine; Childs-Aldwinkle Mine), Copper Creek, Copper Creek (Copper Creek Canyon), Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District), Galiuro Mts, Pinal Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R110061
R100030Childs-Adwinkle Mine (Childs And Altwilkle Mine; Childs-Aldwinkle Mine), Copper Creek, Copper Creek (Copper Creek Canyon), Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District), Galiuro Mts, Pinal Co., Arizona, USAhttps://rruff.info/R100030

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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