Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Oldest recorded age at locality: 365
Youngest recorded age at locality: 29

mindat Locality ID: 12257
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-12257.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan": 84
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 52

Number of Child Localities: 18
Child Localities:
Bajaur Agency
Chitral District (Chitral Valley)
Hazara
Kail
Khyber Agency
Kohistan District (Abasin Kohistan; Indus Kohistan)
Kurram Agency (Kurram Valley)
Malakand District (Malakand Agency)
Mansehra District
Mardan District
Mohmand Agency
North Waziristan
Orakzai Agency
Peshawar
South Waziristan
Swabi District
Swat District (Swat Valley)
Ziguighara Mts

Latitude: 34°29'58"N
Longitude: 72°4'44"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 34.499444444444,72.078888888889

AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Be Bi C Ca Ce Cl Co Cr Cu F Fe H Hg K La Li Mg Mn Na Nb Ni O P Pd Pt S Sb Si Sr Te Th Ti W Y Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AlumohydrocalciteAluniteAmphiboleApatiteAragoniteAstrophylliteAuricuprideAxiniteBaotiteBarringerite
BaryteBastnäsiteBerylBrauniteBrookiteCalciteCancriniteCancrinite-sodaliteChalcopyriteChlorite
ClayClinozoisiteCobaltiteCopperCoronaditeCorundumCubaniteDiasporeEpidoteEpsomite
FeldsparFluoriteGadoliniteGarnetGypsumHalotrichiteLudwigiteMarcasiteMeloniteMica
MilleriteMonaziteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupOlivineOrpimentParisitePentlanditePerovskite
PrehnitePyritePyrochlorePyroxeneQuartzRhabdophaneRutileScheeliteSerpentineSmectite-vermiculite
SodaliteSphaleriteSpinelStarkeyiteStibniteTalcTitaniteTopazTourmalineVesuvianite
WurtziteZircon

122 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Aegirine  (*)Albite  (*)Almandine  (*)Alumohydrocalcite  (*)
Anatase  (*)Andradite  (*)Ankerite  (*)Antigorite  (*)Astrophyllite  (*)
Atheneite  (*)Augite  (*)Awaruite  (*)Axinite-(Fe)  (*)Baotite  (*)
Baryte  (*)Bastnäsite-(Ce)  (*)Bastnäsite-(La)  (*)Beryl  (*)Bornite  (*)
Braunite  (*)Brookite  (*)Calcite  (*)Cancrinite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)
Chlorapatite  (*)Chromite  (*)Chromium-dravite  (*)Clinochlore  (*)Clinozoisite  (*)
Cobaltite  (*)Copper  (*)Corundum  (*)Cubanite  (*)Diopside  (*)
Dolomite  (*)Dravite  (*)Elbaite  (*)Enstatite  (*)Epidote  (*)
Epsomite  (*)Eudidymite  (*)Ferro-actinolite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)Fluorite  (*)
Forsterite  (*)Gadolinite-(Ce)  (*)Gadolinite-(Y)  (*)Genthelvite  (*)Getchellite  (*)
Goethite  (*)Gold  (*)Graphite  (*)Grossular  (*)Gypsum  (*)
Heazlewoodite  (*)Hematite  (*)Hessite  (*)Hingganite-(Y)  (*)Hollandite  (*)
Huntite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Katophorite  (*)Kyanite  (*)Ludwigite  (*)
Mackinawite  (*)Magnesio-arfvedsonite  (*)Magnesio-hornblende  (*)Magnesio-riebeckite  (*)Magnesite  (*)
Magnetite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Melonite  (*)Merenskyite  (*)Microcline  (*)
Millerite  (*)Monazite-(Ce)  (*)Moncheite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Nantokite  (*)
Natroalunite  (*)Omphacite  (*)Orpiment  (*)Orthoclase  (*)Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)
Pargasite  (*)Parisite-(Ce)  (*)Pentlandite  (*)Phlogopite  (*)Pickeringite  (*)
Prehnite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Rhabdophane-(Ce)  (*)
Riebeckite  (*)Rutile  (*)Scheelite  (*)Schorl  (*)Siderite  (*)
Sperrylite  (*)Spodumene  (*)Starkeyite  (*)Stibiconite  (*)Stibnite  (*)
Strontianite  (*)Talc  (*)Temagamite  (*)Tetra-auricupride  (*)Thorite  (*)
Titanite  (*)Topaz  (*)Tremolite  (*)Troilite  (*)Tschermakite  (*)
Väyrynenite  (*)Vermiculite  (*)Vesuvianite  (*)Violarite  (*)Vonsenite  (*)
Xenotime-(Y)  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2495465,95505,95506,955373419
Aegirine  (*)PyroxeneNaFe3+Si2O63329295480,955251022
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)365291095480,95481,95489,95494,95499,95500,95501,95506,95525,955348803
Almandine  (*)GarnetFe2+3Al2(SiO4)32929495467,95493,95494,955452353
Alumohydrocalcite  (*)AlumohydrocalciteCaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·4H2O19546746
Anatase  (*)Not in a structural groupTiO21955322162
Andradite  (*)GarnetCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)31955441534
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)21955373092
Antigorite  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)4195537708
Astrophyllite  (*)AstrophylliteK2NaFe2+7Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F195525161
Atheneite  (*)BarringeritePd2(As0.75Hg0.25)19548515
Augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O6295482,954942060
Awaruite  (*)Auricupride PerovskiteNi3Fe295489,95520166
Axinite-(Fe)  (*)AxiniteCa4Fe2+2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2195505260
Baotite  (*)BaotiteBa4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl19552527
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)695473,95474,95475,95476,95506,9550711547
Bastnäsite-(Ce)  (*)BastnäsiteCe(CO3)F195525304
Bastnäsite-(La)  (*)BastnäsiteLa(CO3)F19552530
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O1829291195465,95468,95470,95507,95536,95537,95539,95540,95541,95542,955454286
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS41954855516
Braunite  (*)BrauniteMn2+Mn3+6O8(SiO4)295515,95517483
Brookite  (*)BrookiteTiO2195531700
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)33291295465,95471,95480,95481,95493,95498,95499,95500,95511,95532,95537,9554127770
Cancrinite  (*)Cancrinite(Na,Ca,   )8(Al6Si6)O24(CO3,SO4)2·2H2O3329195480232
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2365335295485,9553427198
Chlorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3Cl195489203
Chromite  (*)SpinelFe2+Cr2O4995485,95489,95495,95511,95520,95521,95522,95523,955373902
Chromium-dravite  (*)TourmalineNaMg3Cr6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)1955376
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)81954951756
Clinozoisite  (*)Clinozoisite EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)295471,954891025
Cobaltite  (*)CobaltiteCoAsS295536,95537966
Copper  (*)CopperCu1954893846
Corundum  (*)CorundumAl2O3295492,954931797
Cubanite  (*)Cubanite WurtziteCuFe2S3195485802
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O6495466,95489,95494,955074135
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)23329995480,95499,95507,95536,95537,95539,95540,95541,955429895
Dravite  (*)TourmalineNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)295493,95536648
Elbaite  (*)TourmalineNa(Al1.5Li1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)195478520
Enstatite  (*)PyroxeneMg2Si2O6295511,95537944
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)3329995471,95480,95481,95489,95493,95494,95506,95507,955118173
Epsomite  (*)EpsomiteMg(SO4)·7H2O365335195534484
Eudidymite  (*)NoneNa2Be2Si6O15·H2O19552542
Ferro-actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg2.5-0.0Fe2+2.5-5.0)Si8O22(OH)2295481,95500129
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F495499,95504,95505,955062740
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF2295468,955259617
Forsterite  (*)OlivineMg2(SiO4)395493,95495,955111188
Gadolinite-(Ce)  (*)GadoliniteCe2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)219552531
Gadolinite-(Y)  (*)GadoliniteY2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2195525163
Genthelvite  (*)Cancrinite-sodalite SodaliteBe3Zn4(SiO4)3S19552560
Getchellite  (*)NoneSbAsS3295467,9546819
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)1954937437
Gold  (*)CopperAu19548530554
Graphite  (*)NoneC295493,955202812
Grossular  (*)GarnetCa3Al2(SiO4)3295466,955001544
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O3653351955346890
Heazlewoodite  (*)NoneNi3S2295489,95520205
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3365335395517,95525,9553414640
Hessite  (*)NoneAg2Te195485804
Hingganite-(Y)  (*)GadoliniteBeY(SiO4)(OH)19552555
Hollandite  (*)CoronaditeBa(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16195525243
Huntite  (*)Not in a structural groupCaMg3(CO3)436533519553469
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O33329595480,95485,95489,95493,955255433
Katophorite  (*)AmphiboleNa(NaCa)(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)219549446
Kyanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2OSiO429291955451507
Ludwigite  (*)LudwigiteMg2Fe3+O2(BO3)195495134
Mackinawite  (*)None(Fe,Ni)1+xS (x = 0-0.07)295536,95537451
Magnesio-arfvedsonite  (*)AmphiboleNaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2332919548079
Magnesio-hornblende  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2195494238
Magnesio-riebeckite  (*)Amphibole   Na2(Mg3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2332919548093
Magnesite  (*)CalciteMg(CO3)395495,95536,955371487
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O43329695480,95485,95495,95511,95520,9553714899
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS21954855674
Melonite  (*)MeloniteNiTe2195485207
Merenskyite  (*)MelonitePdTe2195485155
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)1955254924
Millerite  (*)MilleriteNiS1954851066
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)MonaziteCe(PO4)195525945
Moncheite  (*)MelonitePt(Te,Bi)2195485133
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)23329795480,95493,95494,95499,95536,95537,9554217380
Nantokite  (*)SphaleriteCuCl19548935
Natroalunite  (*)AluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6365335195534128
Omphacite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al)Si2O6195494229
Orpiment  (*)OrpimentAs2S3295467,95468511
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)1955252349
Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)PyriteNiAsS295536,95537767
Pargasite  (*)AmphiboleNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2195494313
Parisite-(Ce)  (*)ParisiteCaCe2(CO3)3F2295481,95505112
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S8595485,95489,95520,95536,955371512
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)23329395465,95480,955072273
Pickeringite  (*)HalotrichiteMgAl2(SO4)4·22H2O365335195534265
Prehnite  (*)PrehniteCa2Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)2295464,955431898
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2365335795485,95493,95499,95531,95534,95536,9553739462
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S8395485,95536,955379056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO233292595465,95468,95470,95471,95474,95480,95481,95489,95494,95498,95499,95507,95510,95511,95515,95517,95525,95528,95532,95536,95537,95539,95540,95541,9554261156
Rhabdophane-(Ce)  (*)RhabdophaneCe(PO4)·H2O19552566
Riebeckite  (*)Amphibole   Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2195525375
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO23329595480,95493,95494,95525,955315614
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)295467,954714894
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)295467,955062705
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)33291954806417
Sperrylite  (*)PyritePtAs2195485337
Spodumene  (*)PyroxeneLiAlSi2O6195468688
Starkeyite  (*)StarkeyiteMg(SO4)·4H2O36533519553479
Stibiconite  (*)PyrochloreSb3+Sb5+2O6(OH)195531446
Stibnite  (*)StibniteSb2S31955313418
Strontianite  (*)AragoniteSr(CO3)3329195480589
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)21095465,95495,95499,95507,95520,95536,95537,95539,95540,955413337
Temagamite  (*)NonePd3HgTe319548524
Tetra-auricupride  (*)NoneCuAu19548530
Thorite  (*)ZirconTh(SiO4)1955251006
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O3329995471,95480,95481,95482,95489,95501,95505,95507,955254899
Topaz  (*)TopazAl2SiO4F2395468,95498,954991476
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)2295489,955072562
Troilite  (*)NoneFeS1954891044
Tschermakite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)219550573
Väyrynenite  (*)NoneBeMn2+(PO4)(OH)19546815
Vermiculite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·8H2O2929195545652
Vesuvianite  (*)Vesuvianite(Ca,Na)19(Al,Mg,Fe)13(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(OH,F,O)101954821395
Violarite  (*)SpinelFeNi2S4395485,95536,95537380
Vonsenite  (*)LudwigiteFe2+2Fe3+O2(BO3)19549562
Xenotime-(Y)  (*)ZirconY(PO4)295481,95525939
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)3329295480,955255251



Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Jen_0001143MAGMATIC STYLE: Dipping sheet about 2.5 km long and up to 170 m wide. Co-linear with it are smaller outcrops some 5 km away. It probably extends across the border into Afghanistan. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Fenite.
Jen_0001152MAGMATIC STYLE: Veins and small dykes. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Gabbro, normal and peralkaline granite, albitite, melteigite and albite-carbonate rocks.


3 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Jen_0001143332931±2K-Ar biotite     31407Loe Shilman Carbonatite, Khyber Agency, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanLoe ShilmanWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796 
Jen_0001152365335350±15K-Ar hornblende     303205Tarbela Dam, Swabi District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanTarbelaWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796 
Bradley_2012_046292929±0U/Pb zircon   Zircon  7936Swat, Swat District (Swat Valley), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan[Swat Granite Gneiss]McCauley and Bradley (2014)10.3749/canmin.52.2.183CM52_183 


SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R060551Kohistan District (Abasin Kohistan; Indus Kohistan), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanhttps://rruff.info/R060551
R050117Sapat Gali (Soppat; Suppat; Sumpat; Sumput), Naran, Kaghan Valley, Mansehra District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanhttps://rruff.info/R050117
R050113Warsak (Warzak), Mohmand Agency, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanhttps://rruff.info/R050113
R120144Zagi Mountain (Zegi Mountain; "Shinwaro"), Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanhttps://rruff.info/R120144
R120145Zagi Mountain (Zegi Mountain; "Shinwaro"), Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanhttps://rruff.info/R120145
R060414Zagi Mountain (Zegi Mountain; "Shinwaro"), Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanhttps://rruff.info/R060414
R060359Zagi Mountain (Zegi Mountain; "Shinwaro"), Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanhttps://rruff.info/R060359
R060550Zagi Mountain (Zegi Mountain; "Shinwaro"), Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanhttps://rruff.info/R060550
R060737Zagi Mountain (Zegi Mountain; "Shinwaro"), Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanhttps://rruff.info/R060737
R060284Zagi Mountain (Zegi Mountain; "Shinwaro"), Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanhttps://rruff.info/R060284
R120171Zagi Mountain (Zegi Mountain; "Shinwaro"), Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanhttps://rruff.info/R120171
R120146Zagi Mountain (Zegi Mountain; "Shinwaro"), Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanhttps://rruff.info/R120146
R120033Zagi Mountain (Zegi Mountain; "Shinwaro"), Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanhttps://rruff.info/R120033
R060745Zagi Mountain (Zegi Mountain; "Shinwaro"), Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanhttps://rruff.info/R060745
R120030Zagi Mountain (Zegi Mountain; "Shinwaro"), Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanhttps://rruff.info/R120030
R060428Zagi Mountain (Zegi Mountain; "Shinwaro"), Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanhttps://rruff.info/R060428
R060942Mingora Mining District (Mingora Mine), Swat District (Swat Valley), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanhttps://rruff.info/R060942


All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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