Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
St Hilary, Cornwall, England, UK

Oldest recorded age at locality: 359
Youngest recorded age at locality: 234

mindat Locality ID: 18530
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-18530.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "St Hilary, Cornwall, England, UK": 16
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 13

Number of Child Localities: 11
Child Localities:
Croft Gothal Mine
Ennys Wheal Virgin
Guskas Mine
Gwallon Mine
Halamanning Mine
Penberthy Croft Mine
Prosper United Mines (Marazion Mines)
Retallack Mine
Tregurtha Downs Mine
Wheal Friendship
Wheal Kendall

Latitude: 50°8'0"N
Longitude: 5°25'23"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 50.133333333333,-5.4230555555556
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As Bi C Ca Ce Cl Co Cu F Fe H K La Mg Mn Mo Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Ti W Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AdeliteAllophaneAluniteAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArsenicArsenoliteArsenopyriteBaryte
BismutiteBrochantiteBulachiteCalciteCaledoniteCarminiteChalcanthiteChalcoalumiteChalcophylliteChalcopyrite
ChloriteClayConnelliteCopperCorundumCovelliteCyanotrichiteDevillineDiasporeDundasite
FeldsparGypsumHydrotalciteKtenasiteLöllingiteLinariteMalachiteMatlockiteMelanteriteMica
MilleriteMixiteMonaziteNoneNot in a structural groupPerovskitePharmacosideritePhilipsburgitePyriteQuartz
RocksaltRutileScheeliteSphaleriteSpinelStanniteStibniteStilpnomelaneSulphurVivianite
Woodwardite

113 IMA Minerals at location:
Agardite-(Ce)  (*)Agardite-(La)  (*)Alloclasite  (*)Anatase  (*)Anglesite  (*)
Ankerite  (*)Annabergite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Arsenolite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)
Aurichalcite  (*)Azurite  (*)Bayldonite  (*)Bettertonite  (*)Beudantite  (*)
Birnessite  (*)Bismoclite  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bismuthinite  (*)Bismutite  (*)
Bornite  (*)Boulangerite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Bulachite  (*)Calcite  (*)
Caledonite  (*)Carminite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)Cerussite  (*)Chalcanthite  (*)
Chalcoalumite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcophyllite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chamosite  (*)
Chrysocolla  (*)Clinochlore  (*)Conichalcite  (*)Connellite  (*)Copper  (*)
Corkite  (*)Cornubite  (*)Cornwallite  (*)Covellite  (*)Cuprite  (*)
Cyanotrichite  (*)Devilline  (*)Dolomite  (*)Duftite  (*)Dundasite  (*)
Erythrite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)Galena  (*)Goethite  (*)Gypsum  (*)
Halite  (*)Hematite  (*)Hidalgoite  (*)Hydrozincite  (*)Jarosite  (*)
Jeanbandyite  (*)Langite  (*)Laurionite  (*)Leadhillite  (*)Libethenite  (*)
Linarite  (*)Liskeardite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Mansfieldite  (*)
Mattheddleite  (*)Melanterite  (*)Millerite  (*)Mimetite  (*)Mixite  (*)
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)Monazite-(La)  (*)Muscovite  (*)Natanite  (*)Olivenite  (*)
Orthoclase  (*)Parnauite  (*)Penberthycroftite  (*)Pharmacoalumite  (*)Pharmacosiderite  (*)
Philipsburgite  (*)Phosgenite  (*)Pitticite  (*)Plumbogummite  (*)Pseudomalachite  (*)
Pyrite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)Quartz  (*)Redgillite  (*)Scheelite  (*)
Schulenbergite  (*)Scorodite  (*)Segnitite  (*)Serpierite  (*)Siderite  (*)
Smithsonite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Stannite  (*)Stilpnomelane  (*)Stolzite  (*)
Sulphur  (*)Tenorite  (*)Varlamoffite  (*)Woodwardite  (*)Wroewolfeite  (*)
Wulfenite  (*)Zálesíite  (*)Zincolivenite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Agardite-(Ce)  (*)MixiteCeCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O359234111869343
Agardite-(La)  (*)MixiteLaCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O359234111869333
Alloclasite  (*)LöllingiteCoAsS359234111869356
Anatase  (*)Not in a structural groupTiO23592343118688,118692,1186932162
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)3592343118688,118692,1186932734
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)235923411186933092
Annabergite  (*)VivianiteNi3(AsO4)2·8H2O3592341118693445
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)35923411186933250
Arsenolite  (*)ArsenoliteAs2O33592341118693231
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS3592347118688,118692,118693,118696,118697,118701,1187029052
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)63592341118693919
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)235923411186935509
Bayldonite  (*)NoneCu3PbO(AsO3OH)2(OH)23592343118688,118692,118693172
Bettertonite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5·11H2O35923411186931
Beudantite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)63592343118688,118692,118693413
Birnessite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K)0.6(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4·1.5H2O3592341118693178
Bismoclite  (*)MatlockiteBiOCl111868871
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi11186881966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S33592342118688,1186931935
Bismutite  (*)BismutiteBi2O2(CO3)3592343118692,118693,118699716
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS435923411186935516
Boulangerite  (*)NonePb5Sb4S111118688843
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)63592342118692,1186931633
Bulachite  (*)BulachiteAl6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)4·2H2O35923411186935
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)359234111869327770
Caledonite  (*)CaledoniteCu2Pb5(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)63592342118692,118693359
Carminite  (*)CarminitePbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)23592343118688,118692,118693178
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO235923411118688,118691,118692,118693,118695,118696,118697,118699,118700,118701,1187025171
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)3592342118692,1186934979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O1118696925
Chalcoalumite  (*)ChalcoalumiteCuAl4(SO4)(OH)12·3H2O359234111869391
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S3592344118691,118692,118693,1186955707
Chalcophyllite  (*)ChalcophylliteCu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24·36H2O3592342118688,118693194
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS23592349118688,118692,118693,118695,118696,118697,118698,118701,11870227198
Chamosite  (*)Chlorite Clay(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)83592342118689,118693577
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O35923411186933531
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)83592342118688,1186931756
Conichalcite  (*)AdeliteCaCu(AsO4)(OH)1118703363
Connellite  (*)ConnelliteCu36(SO4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O3592342118688,118693295
Copper  (*)CopperCu3592345118692,118693,118696,118697,1187003846
Corkite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)63592341118693151
Cornubite  (*)NoneCu5(AsO4)2(OH)43592342118688,118693109
Cornwallite  (*)NoneCu5(AsO4)2(OH)43592342118688,118693175
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS35923411186934165
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O3592344118692,118693,118697,1187002970
Cyanotrichite  (*)CyanotrichiteCu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12(H2O)23592343118688,118692,118693179
Devilline  (*)DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O3592342118689,118693366
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)23592342118689,1186939895
Duftite  (*)AdelitePbCu(AsO4)(OH)3592342118688,118693220
Dundasite  (*)DundasitePbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·H2O359234111869397
Erythrite  (*)VivianiteCo3(AsO4)2·8H2O3592343118689,118693,118696814
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F35923411186932740
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS3592346118688,118692,118693,118696,118697,11870224243
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)3592343118688,118693,1186987437
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O35923411186936890
Halite  (*)RocksaltNaCl35923411186931398
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3111869214640
Hidalgoite  (*)AlunitePbAl3(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)63592342118688,11869357
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)611186921066
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)635923411186932228
Jeanbandyite  (*)PerovskiteFe3+Sn(OH)5O35923411186937
Langite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·2H2O3592343118688,118692,118693593
Laurionite  (*)NonePbCl(OH)359234111869349
Leadhillite  (*)NonePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)23592341118693265
Libethenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(PO4)(OH)3592341118693234
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)23592344118688,118692,118693,118696987
Liskeardite  (*)None(Al,Fe)32(AsO4)18(OH)42(H2O)22·52H2O35923411186935
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4111869914899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)23592343118692,118693,11869712537
Mansfieldite  (*)NoneAl(AsO4)·2H2O359234111869342
Mattheddleite  (*)ApatitePb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5Cl359234111869332
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O2118688,118697915
Millerite  (*)MilleriteNiS35923411186931066
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl3592342118688,1186931107
Mixite  (*)MixiteCu6Bi(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O3592342118688,118693168
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)MonaziteCe(PO4)1118688945
Monazite-(La)  (*)MonaziteLa(PO4)359234111869338
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2111868817380
Natanite  (*)PerovskiteFe2+Sn4+(OH)6359234111869314
Olivenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(AsO4)(OH)3592343118688,118693,118697492
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)3592342118688,1186932349
Parnauite  (*)NoneCu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10·7H2O3592342118688,118693105
Penberthycroftite  (*)None[Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]·8H2O35923411186931
Pharmacoalumite  (*)PharmacosideriteKAl4(AsO4)3(OH)4·6.5H2O359234111869317
Pharmacosiderite  (*)PharmacosideriteKFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·6-7H2O3592342118688,118693428
Philipsburgite  (*)PhilipsburgiteCu5Zn(AsO4)(PO4)(OH)6·H2O359234111869331
Phosgenite  (*)NonePb2(CO3)Cl23592341118693142
Pitticite  (*)None[Fe,AsO4,SO4,H2O] (?)3592341118693140
Plumbogummite  (*)AlunitePbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)63592341118693170
Pseudomalachite  (*)NoneCu5(PO4)2(OH)43592341118693369
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS23592347118688,118693,118695,118696,118697,118698,11870239462
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl3592343118688,118693,1187021725
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO23592348118688,118691,118692,118693,118696,118698,118699,11870261156
Redgillite  (*)NoneCu6(SO4)(OH)10·H2O359234111869345
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)3592343118693,118696,1186974894
Schulenbergite  (*)Ktenasite(Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10·3H2O3592341118693142
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O3592344118688,118692,118693,1186961153
Segnitite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)63592341118693134
Serpierite  (*)DevillineCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O1118697292
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)3592344118688,118692,118693,1187026417
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)35923411186932473
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS3592347118688,118692,118693,118695,118696,118697,11870221482
Stannite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2FeSnS43592341118693668
Stilpnomelane  (*)Stilpnomelane Clay(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36·nH2O3592341118693456
Stolzite  (*)ScheelitePb(WO4)3592341118693156
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS3592342118688,1186932045
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO3592344118691,118693,118695,1186981101
Varlamoffite  (*)Rutile(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2359234111869356
Woodwardite  (*)Woodwardite Hydrotalcite(Cu1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2)359234111869357
Wroewolfeite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·2H2O359234111869395
Wulfenite  (*)ScheelitePbMoO435923411186931655
Zálesíite  (*)MixiteCaCu6(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)6·3H2O111868884
Zincolivenite  (*)AndalusiteCuZn(AsO4)(OH)359234111869360


2 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Lucy_080359359Postdates DevonianK/ArPostdates emplacement into Devonian metasediments country rockmica, fluorite     1251Penberthy Croft Mine, St Hilary, Cornwall, England, UKPenberthy Croft MineBetterton et al. (1998) MM62_707Devonian metasediments are country rock that veins are emplaced into. Age assigned in paper only states post-dates Devonian.
Lucy_072238234236 ± 2K-ArMean of Halamanning-Croft Gothal, Wheal Fancy, and Wheal Prosper minek-feldsparHAL/l/1    241231Wheal Fancy, Penberthy Croft Mine, St Hilary, Cornwall, England, UKWheal FancyHalliday (1980)10.2113/gsecongeo.75.5.752EG75_752 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R060768Penberthy Croft Mine, St Hilary, Cornwall, England, UKhttps://rruff.info/R060768

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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