Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Penberthy Croft Mine, St Hilary, Cornwall, England, UK

Oldest recorded age at locality: 359
Youngest recorded age at locality: 234

mindat Locality ID: 1251
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-1251.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Penberthy Croft Mine, St Hilary, Cornwall, England, UK": 1
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 1

Number of Child Localities: 1
Child Localities:
Wheal Fancy

Latitude: 50°8'26"N
Longitude: 5°24'51"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 50.140555555556,-5.4141666666667

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Adelite	Allophane	Alunite	Andalusite	Apatite	Aragonite	Arsenolite	Arsenopyrite	Baryte	Bismutite
Brochantite	Bulachite	Calcite	Caledonite	Carminite	Chalcoalumite	Chalcophyllite	Chalcopyrite	Chlorite	Clay
Connellite	Copper	Covellite	Cyanotrichite	Devilline	Diaspore	Dundasite	Feldspar	Gypsum	Hydrotalcite
Ktenasite	Löllingite	Linarite	Malachite	Millerite	Mixite	Monazite	None	Not in a structural group	Perovskite
Pharmacosiderite	Philipsburgite	Pyrite	Quartz	Rocksalt	Rutile	Scheelite	Sphalerite	Stannite	Stibnite
Stilpnomelane	Sulphur	Vivianite	Woodwardite

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As Bi C Ca Ce Cl Co Cu F Fe H K La Mg Mn Mo Na Ni O P Pb S Si Sn Ti W Zn

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al As Bi C Ca Ce Cl Co Cu F Fe H K La Mg Mn Mo Na Ni O P Pb S Si Sn Ti W Zn

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Adelite Allophane Alunite Andalusite Apatite Aragonite Arsenolite Arsenopyrite Baryte Bismutite
Brochantite Bulachite Calcite Caledonite Carminite Chalcoalumite Chalcophyllite Chalcopyrite Chlorite Clay
Connellite Copper Covellite Cyanotrichite Devilline Diaspore Dundasite Feldspar Gypsum Hydrotalcite
Ktenasite Löllingite Linarite Malachite Millerite Mixite Monazite None Not in a structural group Perovskite
Pharmacosiderite Philipsburgite Pyrite Quartz Rocksalt Rutile Scheelite Sphalerite Stannite Stibnite
Stilpnomelane Sulphur Vivianite Woodwardite

100 IMA Minerals at location:

Agardite-(Ce) ()*	Agardite-(La) ()*	Alloclasite ()*	Anatase ()*	Anglesite ()*
Ankerite ()*	Annabergite ()*	Aragonite ()*	Arsenolite ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*
Aurichalcite ()*	Azurite ()*	Bayldonite ()*	Bettertonite ()*	Beudantite ()*
Birnessite ()*	Bismuthinite ()*	Bismutite ()*	Bornite ()*	Brochantite ()*
Bulachite ()*	Calcite ()*	Caledonite ()*	Carminite ()*	Cassiterite ()*
Cerussite ()*	Chalcoalumite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcophyllite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*
Chamosite ()*	Chrysocolla ()*	Clinochlore ()*	Connellite ()*	Copper ()*
Corkite ()*	Cornubite ()*	Cornwallite ()*	Covellite ()*	Cuprite ()*
Cyanotrichite ()*	Devilline ()*	Dolomite ()*	Duftite ()*	Dundasite ()*
Erythrite ()*	Fluorapatite ()*	Galena ()*	Goethite ()*	Gypsum ()*
Halite ()*	Hidalgoite ()*	Jarosite ()*	Jeanbandyite ()*	Langite ()*
Laurionite ()*	Leadhillite ()*	Libethenite ()*	Linarite ()*	Liskeardite ()*
Malachite ()*	Mansfieldite ()*	Mattheddleite ()*	Millerite ()*	Mimetite ()*
Mixite ()*	Monazite-(La) ()*	Natanite ()*	Olivenite ()*	Orthoclase ()*
Parnauite ()*	Penberthycroftite ()*	Pharmacoalumite ()*	Pharmacosiderite ()*	Philipsburgite ()*
Phosgenite ()*	Pitticite ()*	Plumbogummite ()*	Pseudomalachite ()*	Pyrite ()*
Pyromorphite ()*	Quartz ()*	Redgillite ()*	Scheelite ()*	Schulenbergite ()*
Scorodite ()*	Segnitite ()*	Siderite ()*	Smithsonite ()*	Sphalerite ()*
Stannite ()*	Stilpnomelane ()*	Stolzite ()*	Sulphur ()*	Tenorite ()*
Varlamoffite ()*	Woodwardite ()*	Wroewolfeite ()*	Wulfenite ()*	Zincolivenite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of localities containing mineral
Agardite-(Ce) ()*	Mixite	CeCu²⁺₆(AsO₄)₃(OH)₆·3H₂O	359	234	43
Agardite-(La) ()*	Mixite	LaCu²⁺₆(AsO₄)₃(OH)₆·3H₂O	359	234	33
Alloclasite ()*	Löllingite	CoAsS	359	234	56
Anatase ()*	Not in a structural group	TiO₂	359	234	2162
Anglesite ()*	Baryte	Pb(SO₄)	359	234	2734
Ankerite ()*	None	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂	359	234	3092
Annabergite ()*	Vivianite	Ni₃(AsO₄)₂·8H₂O	359	234	445
Aragonite ()*	Aragonite	Ca(CO₃)	359	234	3250
Arsenolite ()*	Arsenolite	As₂O₃	359	234	231
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	359	234	9052
Aurichalcite ()*	None	(Zn,Cu)₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆	359	234	919
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	359	234	5509
Bayldonite ()*	None	Cu₃PbO(AsO₃OH)₂(OH)₂	359	234	172
Bettertonite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₆(AsO₄)₃(OH)₉(H₂O)₅·11H₂O	359	234	1
Beudantite ()*	Alunite	PbFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	359	234	413
Birnessite ()*	None	(Na,Ca,K)_0.6(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₂O₄·1.5H₂O	359	234	178
Bismuthinite ()*	Stibnite	Bi₂S₃	359	234	1935
Bismutite ()*	Bismutite	Bi₂O₂(CO₃)	359	234	716
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	359	234	5516
Brochantite ()*	Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆	359	234	1633
Bulachite ()*	Bulachite	Al₆(AsO₄)₃(OH)₉(H₂O)₄·2H₂O	359	234	5
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	359	234	27770
Caledonite ()*	Caledonite	Cu₂Pb₅(SO₄)₃(CO₃)(OH)₆	359	234	359
Carminite ()*	Carminite	PbFe³⁺₂(AsO₄)₂(OH)₂	359	234	178
Cassiterite ()*	Rutile	SnO₂	359	234	5171
Cerussite ()*	Aragonite	Pb(CO₃)	359	234	4979
Chalcoalumite ()*	Chalcoalumite	CuAl₄(SO₄)(OH)₁₂·3H₂O	359	234	91
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	359	234	5707
Chalcophyllite ()*	Chalcophyllite	Cu₁₈Al₂(AsO₄)₄(SO₄)₃(OH)₂₄·36H₂O	359	234	194
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	359	234	27198
Chamosite ()*	Chlorite Clay	(Fe²⁺,Mg,Al,Fe³⁺)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH,O)₈	359	234	577
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O	359	234	3531
Clinochlore ()*	Chlorite Clay	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	359	234	1756
Connellite ()*	Connellite	Cu₃₆(SO₄)(OH)₆₂Cl₈·6H₂O	359	234	295
Copper ()*	Copper	Cu	359	234	3846
Corkite ()*	Alunite	PbFe³⁺₃(SO₄)(PO₄)(OH)₆	359	234	151
Cornubite ()*	None	Cu₅(AsO₄)₂(OH)₄	359	234	109
Cornwallite ()*	None	Cu₅(AsO₄)₂(OH)₄	359	234	175
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	359	234	4165
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O	359	234	2970
Cyanotrichite ()*	Cyanotrichite	Cu₄Al₂(SO₄)(OH)₁₂(H₂O)₂	359	234	179
Devilline ()*	Devilline	CaCu₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·3H₂O	359	234	366
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	359	234	9895
Duftite ()*	Adelite	PbCu(AsO₄)(OH)	359	234	220
Dundasite ()*	Dundasite	PbAl₂(CO₃)₂(OH)₄·H₂O	359	234	97
Erythrite ()*	Vivianite	Co₃(AsO₄)₂·8H₂O	359	234	814
Fluorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F	359	234	2740
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	359	234	24243
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	359	234	7437
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	359	234	6890
Halite ()*	Rocksalt	NaCl	359	234	1398
Hidalgoite ()*	Alunite	PbAl₃(SO₄)(AsO₄)(OH)₆	359	234	57
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	359	234	2228
Jeanbandyite ()*	Perovskite	Fe³⁺Sn(OH)₅O	359	234	7
Langite ()*	None	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆·2H₂O	359	234	593
Laurionite ()*	None	PbCl(OH)	359	234	49
Leadhillite ()*	None	Pb₄(SO₄)(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	359	234	265
Libethenite ()*	Andalusite	Cu₂(PO₄)(OH)	359	234	234
Linarite ()*	Linarite	CuPb(SO₄)(OH)₂	359	234	987
Liskeardite ()*	None	(Al,Fe)₃₂(AsO₄)₁₈(OH)₄₂(H₂O)₂₂·52H₂O	359	234	5
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	359	234	12537
Mansfieldite ()*	None	Al(AsO₄)·2H₂O	359	234	42
Mattheddleite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(SiO₄)_1.5(SO₄)_1.5Cl	359	234	32
Millerite ()*	Millerite	NiS	359	234	1066
Mimetite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl	359	234	1107
Mixite ()*	Mixite	Cu₆Bi(AsO₄)₃(OH)₆·3H₂O	359	234	168
Monazite-(La) ()*	Monazite	La(PO₄)	359	234	38
Natanite ()*	Perovskite	Fe²⁺Sn⁴⁺(OH)₆	359	234	14
Olivenite ()*	Andalusite	Cu₂(AsO₄)(OH)	359	234	492
Orthoclase ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)	359	234	2349
Parnauite ()*	None	Cu₉(AsO₄)₂(SO₄)(OH)₁₀·7H₂O	359	234	105
Penberthycroftite ()*	None	[Al₆(AsO₄)₃(OH)₉(H₂O)₅]·8H₂O	359	234	1
Pharmacoalumite ()*	Pharmacosiderite	KAl₄(AsO₄)₃(OH)₄·6.5H₂O	359	234	17
Pharmacosiderite ()*	Pharmacosiderite	KFe³⁺₄(AsO₄)₃(OH)₄·6-7H₂O	359	234	428
Philipsburgite ()*	Philipsburgite	Cu₅Zn(AsO₄)(PO₄)(OH)₆·H₂O	359	234	31
Phosgenite ()*	None	Pb₂(CO₃)Cl₂	359	234	142
Pitticite ()*	None	[Fe,AsO₄,SO₄,H₂O] (?)	359	234	140
Plumbogummite ()*	Alunite	PbAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	359	234	170
Pseudomalachite ()*	None	Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄	359	234	369
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	359	234	39462
Pyromorphite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl	359	234	1725
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	359	234	61156
Redgillite ()*	None	Cu₆(SO₄)(OH)₁₀·H₂O	359	234	45
Scheelite ()*	Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)	359	234	4894
Schulenbergite ()*	Ktenasite	(Cu,Zn)₇(SO₄)₂(OH)₁₀·3H₂O	359	234	142
Scorodite ()*	None	Fe³⁺(AsO₄)·2H₂O	359	234	1153
Segnitite ()*	Alunite	PbFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	359	234	134
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)	359	234	6417
Smithsonite ()*	Calcite	Zn(CO₃)	359	234	2473
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	359	234	21482
Stannite ()*	Stannite Sphalerite	Cu₂FeSnS₄	359	234	668
Stilpnomelane ()*	Stilpnomelane Clay	(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆·nH₂O	359	234	456
Stolzite ()*	Scheelite	Pb(WO₄)	359	234	156
Sulphur ()*	Sulphur	S	359	234	2045
Tenorite ()*	None	CuO	359	234	1101
Varlamoffite ()*	Rutile	(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)₂	359	234	56
Woodwardite ()*	Woodwardite Hydrotalcite	(Cu_1-xAl_x)(SO₄)_x/2(OH)₂·nH₂O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2)	359	234	57
Wroewolfeite ()*	None	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆·2H₂O	359	234	95
Wulfenite ()*	Scheelite	PbMoO₄	359	234	1655
Zincolivenite ()*	Andalusite	CuZn(AsO₄)(OH)	359	234	60

2 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	Lucy_080	359	359	Postdates Devonian	K/Ar	Postdates emplacement into Devonian metasediments country rock		mica, fluorite							1251	Penberthy Croft Mine, St Hilary, Cornwall, England, UK	Penberthy Croft Mine	Betterton et al. (1998)		MM62_707	Devonian metasediments are country rock that veins are emplaced into. Age assigned in paper only states post-dates Devonian.
	Lucy_072	238	234	236 ± 2	K-Ar	Mean of Halamanning-Croft Gothal, Wheal Fancy, and Wheal Prosper mine		k-feldspar	HAL/l/1						241231	Wheal Fancy, Penberthy Croft Mine, St Hilary, Cornwall, England, UK	Wheal Fancy	Halliday (1980)	10.2113/gsecongeo.75.5.752	EG75_752

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R060768	Penberthy Croft Mine, St Hilary, Cornwall, England, UK	https://rruff.info/R060768

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...