Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Oldest recorded age at locality: 425
Youngest recorded age at locality: 251.9

mindat Locality ID: 20028
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-20028.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Tashkent, Uzbekistan": 43
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 32

Number of Child Localities: 17
Child Localities:
Akkurgan District
Bekabad District
Boka District
Bostanliq District
Chatkal-Kuraminskii Range
Chinaz District
Okhangaron District
Orta Chirchiq District
Parkent District
Piskent District
Pskem Range
Qibray District
Quyi Chirchiq District
Ugam Range
Yangiyol District
Yukori Chirchiq District
Zangiata District

Latitude: 40°52'41"N
Longitude: 69°50'41"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 40.878055555556,69.844722222222
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au Ba Be Bi C Ca Cl Cr Cu F Fe H Hg In K Mg Mn Mo Na O P Pb S Sb Se Si Sn Te Ti V W Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAllophaneAmorphousAmphiboleAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArsenicArsenoliteArsenopyrite
BaryteBournoniteCalciteChalcopyriteChalcostibiteClayClinozoisiteCopperCoronaditeCorundum
CovelliteDescloiziteDiamondDiasporeDigeniteEpidoteEttringiteFeldsparFluoriteFornacite
GermaniteGypsumHydrotalciteJunoiteKaoliniteKobelliteMalachiteMarcasiteMeloniteMeneghinite
MicaMolybdeniteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupPavonitePerovskitePyriteQuartzRocksalt
RutileScheeliteSphaleriteSpinelStanniteStannoiditeStibniteTetradymiteTetrahedriteTurquoise
UytenbogaardtiteWurtziteXifengiteZircon

128 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Aguilarite  (*)Aikinite  (*)Alabandite  (*)Albite  (*)
Altaite  (*)Alunite  (*)Anglesite  (*)Anhydrite  (*)Ankerite  (*)
Antimony  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)Bavenite  (*)
Berzelianite  (*)Birunite  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bismuthinite  (*)Bohdanowiczite  (*)
Bornite  (*)Bournonite  (*)Calaverite  (*)Calcite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)
Cerussite  (*)Cervelleite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chalcostibite  (*)
Chrysocolla  (*)Cinnabar  (*)Clausthalite  (*)Coloradoite  (*)Coronadite  (*)
Covellite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Cupropavonite  (*)Descloizite  (*)Diamond  (*)
Digenite  (*)Dolomite  (*)Dzhalindite  (*)Emplectite  (*)Epidote  (*)
Euclase  (*)Famatinite  (*)Fluorite  (*)Fornacite  (*)Frohbergite  (*)
Galena  (*)Goethite  (*)Gold  (*)Goldfieldite  (*)Graphite  (*)
Gypsum  (*)Hematite  (*)Hemusite  (*)Hessite  (*)Hodrušite  (*)
Huntite  (*)Hydromagnesite  (*)Indium  (*)Iowaite  (*)Jamesonite  (*)
Junoite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Kawazulite  (*)Kësterite  (*)Khamrabaevite  (*)
Kobellite  (*)Kostovite  (*)Krennerite  (*)Laitakarite  (*)Libethenite  (*)
Luzonite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Maldonite  (*)Manganite  (*)
Marcasite  (*)Mavlyanovite  (*)Mawsonite  (*)Mimetite  (*)Moissanite  (*)
Molybdenite  (*)Montbrayite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Nagyágite  (*)Naumannite  (*)
Nekrasovite  (*)Nevskite  (*)Opal  (*)Petzite  (*)Pseudomalachite  (*)
Pyrite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Realgar  (*)Rucklidgeite  (*)
Rutile  (*)Scheelite  (*)Senarmontite  (*)Siderite  (*)Silver  (*)
Sphalerite  (*)Stannite  (*)Stannoidite  (*)Stibiocolusite  (*)Stistaite  (*)
Stützite  (*)Suessite  (*)Sulphotsumoite  (*)Sylvanite  (*)Tellurantimony  (*)
Tellurium  (*)Tenorite  (*)Tetradymite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Thaumasite  (*)
Tin  (*)Turquoise  (*)Ustarasite  (*)Uytenbogaardtite  (*)Vanadinite  (*)
Volynskite  (*)Wulfenite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)23092702294549,2945523419
Aguilarite  (*)AcanthiteAg4SeS129453287
Aikinite  (*)MeneghiniteCuPbBiS32852752294534,294542315
Alabandite  (*)RocksaltMnS1294533312
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)3092703294542,294545,2945498803
Altaite  (*)RocksaltPbTe2852751294542489
Alunite  (*)NoneKAl3(SO4)2(OH)62852751294542966
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)31627012945492734
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)3092704294544,294549,294551,2945521588
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)230927012945493092
Antimony  (*)ArsenicSb1294558363
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS2294532,2945589052
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)23092742294549,2945515509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)3162704294532,294542,294544,29454911547
Bavenite  (*)NoneCa4Be2+xAl2-xSi9O26-x(OH)2+x (x = 0 to 1)1294536255
Berzelianite  (*)NoneCu2-xSe (x ≈ 0.12)129453266
Birunite  (*)EttringiteCa18(SiO3)8.5(CO3)8.5(SO4)·15H2O12945433
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi2852753294534,294542,2945581966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S32852753294542,294545,2945581935
Bohdanowiczite  (*)NoneAgBiSe2129453241
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS43092742294549,2945515516
Bournonite  (*)BournoniteCuPbSbS328527512945421089
Calaverite  (*)MeloniteAuTe22852751294542361
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)3092744294531,294542,294549,29455127770
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO228527512945425171
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)31627012945494979
Cervelleite  (*)NoneAg4TeS129453242
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S3092742294549,2945515707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS23092707294534,294542,294544,294545,294549,294551,29455227198
Chalcostibite  (*)ChalcostibiteCuSbS22852751294542162
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O3092742294549,2945513531
Cinnabar  (*)NoneHgS12945582600
Clausthalite  (*)RocksaltPbSe2852752294532,294542281
Coloradoite  (*)SphaleriteHgTe2852751294542169
Coronadite  (*)CoronaditePb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O161294543227
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS3092742294549,2945514165
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O3092742294549,2945512970
Cupropavonite  (*)PavoniteCu0.9Ag0.5Pb0.6Bi2.5S5285275129454218
Descloizite  (*)DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)3162702294549,294563378
Diamond  (*)DiamondC1294533697
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S31627012945491027
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)212945439895
Dzhalindite  (*)PerovskiteIn(OH)3129453016
Emplectite  (*)ChalcostibiteCuBiS22852752294534,294542246
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)3092703294545,294549,2945528173
Euclase  (*)NoneBeAlSiO4(OH)1294536120
Famatinite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu3SbS42852751294542163
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF22294532,2945369617
Fornacite  (*)FornaciteCuPb2(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH)316270129454985
Frohbergite  (*)MarcasiteFeTe2285275129454240
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS3092705294542,294544,294549,294551,29455424243
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)12945637437
Gold  (*)CopperAu3092744294535,294542,294549,29455130554
Goldfieldite  (*)Tetrahedrite(Cu4   2)Cu6Te4S132852752294534,29454272
Graphite  (*)NoneC12945312812
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O31627012945496890
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O33092704294544,294545,294549,29455114640
Hemusite  (*)SphaleriteCu1+4Cu2+2SnMoS828527512945427
Hessite  (*)NoneAg2Te2852752294532,294542804
Hodrušite  (*)NoneCu8Bi12S22285275129454228
Huntite  (*)Not in a structural groupCaMg3(CO3)4129454369
Hydromagnesite  (*)NoneMg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O1294543341
Indium  (*)NoneIn12945309
Iowaite  (*)HydrotalciteMg6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2·4H2O309270129455314
Jamesonite  (*)NonePb4FeSb6S141294558784
Junoite  (*)JunoiteCu2Pb3Bi8(S,Se)16285275129454218
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)42852752294541,2945425591
Kawazulite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Te2Se285275129454232
Kësterite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2ZnSnS4285275129454282
Khamrabaevite  (*)RocksaltTiC2294531,2945337
Kobellite  (*)KobellitePb11(Cu,Fe)2(Bi,Sb)15S35129455887
Kostovite  (*)NoneAuCuTe4285275129454221
Krennerite  (*)NoneAu3AgTe82852751294542111
Laitakarite  (*)TetradymiteBi4(Se,S)32852752294534,29454230
Libethenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(PO4)(OH)3092742294549,294551234
Luzonite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu3AsS42852751294542198
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O43092704294544,294549,294551,29455214899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)23092742294549,29455112537
Maldonite  (*)NoneAu2Bi285275129454288
Manganite  (*)RutileMn3+O(OH)1294543770
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS230927012945495674
Mavlyanovite  (*)XifengiteMn5Si312945332
Mawsonite  (*)NoneCu6Fe2SnS8285275129454292
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl31627012945491107
Moissanite  (*)WurtziteSiC129453357
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS23092706294532,294544,294545,294549,294551,2945525800
Montbrayite  (*)None(Au,Ag,Sb,Bi,Pb)23(Te,Sb,Bi,Pb)38285275129454219
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)24252704294544,294549,294551,29455217380
Nagyágite  (*)None[Pb3(Pb,Sb)3S6](Au,Te)3285275129454267
Naumannite  (*)Not in a structural groupAg2Se1294532192
Nekrasovite  (*)Germanite SphaleriteCu13VSn3S16285275129454211
Nevskite  (*)TetradymiteBi(Se,S)28527512945426
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O12945432994
Petzite  (*)NoneAg3AuTe22852752294532,294542409
Pseudomalachite  (*)NoneCu5(PO4)2(OH)43092742294549,294551369
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS23092708294532,294542,294544,294545,294549,294551,294552,29455439462
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S83092702294545,2945499056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO23092745294535,294536,294542,294551,29455861156
Realgar  (*)NoneAsS1294558712
Rucklidgeite  (*)TetradymitePbBi2Te4285275129454264
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO212945355614
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)3092702294532,2945494894
Senarmontite  (*)ArsenoliteSb2O31294535179
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)12945416417
Silver  (*)CopperAg28527512945425186
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS3092705294542,294544,294549,294551,29455421482
Stannite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2FeSnS42852752294542668
Stannoidite  (*)StannoiditeCu8(Fe,Zn)3Sn2S12285275129454280
Stibiocolusite  (*)Germanite SphaleriteCu13V(Sb,Sn,As)3S1628527512945424
Stistaite  (*)RocksaltSnSb129453511
Stützite  (*)NoneAg5-xTe3 (x = 0.24-0.36)2852752294532,29454292
Suessite  (*)NoneFe3Si12945316
Sulphotsumoite  (*)TetradymiteBi3Te2S285275129454213
Sylvanite  (*)MeloniteAgAuTe42852751294542337
Tellurantimony  (*)TetradymiteSb2Te3285275129454229
Tellurium  (*)NoneTe2852751294542190
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO31627012945491101
Tetradymite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Te2S2852751294542510
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S1330927412945515317
Thaumasite  (*)EttringiteCa3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)·12H2O1294543183
Tin  (*)NoneSn2852752294535,29454263
Turquoise  (*)TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O3092701294549484
Ustarasite  (*)NonePb(Bi,Sb)6S1012945589
Uytenbogaardtite  (*)UytenbogaardtiteAg3AuS2285275129454246
Vanadinite  (*)ApatitePb5(VO4)3Cl1294563605
Volynskite  (*)NoneAgBiTe2285275129454264
Wulfenite  (*)ScheelitePbMoO43163042294549,2945631655
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)2294530,2945355251


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Giersdorf_00000172Bel'tau-Kurama volcano-plutonic belt, where well-conserved pre-Tertiary porphyry Cu-Au and epithermal Au and Ag deposits were identified.
Giersdorf_00001026Location is host to part of a series of stockwork-vein type deposits found in the former Soviet Union, found in the massifs of Tien-Shan and Transbaykalia of the Ural-Mongolian fold belt and in the Burein massif of the Pacific belt.


11 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Giersdorf_00001026259.1251.9Late Permian Deposits formation is thought to coincide with the final stages of volcanic processes in the late Permian.     U20028Tashkent, UzbekistanTashkent Ore RegionLaverov et al. (1992)10.1080/00206819209465621IGR34_549Ages are associated with volcanic processes found in the area.
Giersdorf_00000172285275280±5K-Ar and Rb-Sr      Au2813Kairagach Au Deposit (Kaygarach), Okhangaron District, Tashkent, UzbekistanKairagach depositKovalenker, et. al (2004) IGCPEA486_239Kairagach Mineralization
Alexandra-0337309303306 ± 3 Age of granodiorite-porphyry 415001   Au206169Sary Cheku Mine, Okhangaron District, Tashkent, UzbekistanSary-ChekuSeltmann et al. (2011)10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.08.016JAES42_821 
Alexandra-0338300294297 ± 3 Age of granite 415000    206169Sary Cheku Mine, Okhangaron District, Tashkent, UzbekistanSary-ChekuSeltmann et al. (2011)10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.08.016JAES42_821 
PorphCu-00374309270309–270      Anhydrite, Chalcopyrite, Galena, Hematite, Magnetite, Molybdenite, Pyrite, SphaleriteCu206169Sary Cheku Mine, Okhangaron District, Tashkent, UzbekistanSarychekuSinger et al. (2008) USGSOFR2008_1155 
Alexandra-0332312304308 ± 4 Age of monzonite 414700   Au, Mo, Cu8417Kalmakyr Mine (Almalyk Mine), Piskent District, Tashkent, UzbekistanAlmalykSeltmann et al. (2011)10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.08.016JAES42_821 
Alexandra-0333316314315 ± 1 Age of Granite porphyry 406403   Au, Mo, Cu8417Kalmakyr Mine (Almalyk Mine), Piskent District, Tashkent, UzbekistanAlmalykSeltmann et al. (2011)10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.08.016JAES42_821 
PorphCu-00026309270309–270      Actinolite, Albite, Ankerite, Chalcopyrite, Chrysocolla, Covellite, Epidote, Galena, Gold, Magnetite, Marcasite, Molybdenite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite, Scheelite, Sphalerite, TurquoiseCu8417Kalmakyr Mine (Almalyk Mine), Piskent District, Tashkent, UzbekistanAlmalykSinger et al. (2008) USGSOFR2008_1155 
Kristen002230309274309-274 mineralization age     Cu, Au219735Kal'makyr Ore Body, Kalmakyr Mine (Almalyk Mine), Piskent District, Tashkent, UzbekistanKal'makyr Ore DepositHan et al. (2014)10.1111/rge.12033RG64_136 
Alexandra-0331425407416 ± 9 Age of Monzonite 406701    206167Kyzata Mine, Piskent District, Tashkent, UzbekistanKyzataSeltmann et al. (2011)10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.08.016JAES42_821 
PorphCu-00373309270309–270      Actinolite, Anhydrite, Chalcopyrite, Epidote, Magnetite, Molybdenite, PyriteCu206167Kyzata Mine, Piskent District, Tashkent, UzbekistanKyzataSinger et al. (2008) USGSOFR2008_1155 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

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