Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Bayan Obo Mining District, Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, China

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2070
Youngest recorded age at locality: 427.7

mindat Locality ID: 216731
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-216731.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Bayan Obo Mining District, Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, China": 7
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 4

Number of Child Localities: 1
Child Localities:
Bayan Obo

Latitude: 41°47'56"N
Longitude: 109°56'22"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 41.798888888889,109.93944444444
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al B Ba Be C Ca Ce Cl Cr Cu F Fe H K La Li Ln Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Nd O P Pb S Si Sn Sr Ta Th Ti W Y Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AeschyniteAllaniteAlstoniteAluniteAmorphousAmphiboleAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteBaotite
BaryteBastnäsiteCalciteCarbocernaiteChalcopyriteChevkiniteClayClinozoisiteColumbiteCordylite
CorundumDiasporeEpidoteFeldsparFluoriteGarnetGypsumHumiteLanthaniteMatlockite
MelanteriteMicaMolybdeniteMonaziteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupOlivineParalstoniteParisite
PerovskitePyritePyroxeneQuartzRhabdophaneRocksaltRutileScheeliteSepioliteSmectite-vermiculite
SphaleriteSpinelTitaniteTourmalineVesuvianiteZircon

125 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Aegirine  (*)Aegirine-augite  (*)Aeschynite-(Ce)  (*)Aeschynite-(Nd)  (*)
Albite  (*)Allanite-(Ce)  (*)Alstonite  (*)Alunite  (*)Anatase  (*)
Andalusite  (*)Andradite  (*)Ankerite  (*)Anorthite  (*)Aragonite  (*)
Arfvedsonite  (*)Augite  (*)Bafertisite  (*)Baotite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Barytocalcite  (*)Bastnäsite-(Ce)  (*)Bastnäsite-(Y)  (*)Benstonite  (*)Britholite-(Ce)  (*)
Brockite  (*)Calcite  (*)Carbocernaite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)Cebaite-(Ce)  (*)
Cerianite-(Ce)  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chevkinite-(Ce)  (*)Chrysoberyl  (*)Fergusonite-(Ce)-β  (*)
Fergusonite-(Nd)-β  (*)Clinohumite  (*)Clinozoisite  (*)Columbite-(Fe)  (*)Columbite-(Mn)  (*)
Cordylite-(Ce)  (*)Cummingtonite  (*)Daqingshanite-(Ce)  (*)Dingdaohengite-(Ce)  (*)Diopside  (*)
Dolomite  (*)Dravite  (*)Epidote  (*)Fayalite  (*)Fergusonite-(Ce)  (*)
Fergusonite-(Y)  (*)Ferrisepiolite  (*)Ferro-edenite  (*)Fersmite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)
Fluorbritholite-(Ce)  (*)Fluorcalciopyrochlore  (*)Fluorite  (*)Fluorokinoshitalite  (*)Fluorophlogopite  (*)
Fluorotetraferriphlogopite  (*)Galena  (*)Goethite  (*)Graphite  (*)Gypsum  (*)
Halite  (*)Hematite  (*)Huanghoite-(Ce)  (*)Humite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)
Jarosite  (*)Lanthanite-(Ce)  (*)Loparite-(Ce)  (*)Magbasite  (*)Maghemite  (*)
Magnesio-arfvedsonite  (*)Magnesio-riebeckite  (*)Magnesiochromite  (*)Magnesioferrite  (*)Magnetite  (*)
Manganite  (*)Melanterite  (*)Microcline  (*)Molybdenite  (*)Monazite-(Ce)  (*)
Montmorillonite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Nioboaeschynite-(Ce)  (*)Nontronite  (*)Norbergite  (*)
Norsethite  (*)Opal  (*)Orthoclase  (*)Paralstonite  (*)Parisite-(Ce)  (*)
Perovskite  (*)Perrierite-(Ce)  (*)Phlogopite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)
Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Rhabdophane-(Ce)  (*)Richterite  (*)Riebeckite  (*)
Röntgenite-(Ce)  (*)Rutile  (*)Schorl  (*)Siderite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)
Spinel  (*)Strontianite  (*)Sylvite  (*)Synchysite-(Ce)  (*)Tainiolite  (*)
Thorianite  (*)Thorite  (*)Titanite  (*)Tremolite  (*)Vesuvianite  (*)
Wulfenite  (*)Xenotime-(Y)  (*)Yangzhumingite  (*)Zhangpeishanite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)220705441406863419
Aegirine  (*)PyroxeneNaFe3+Si2O62070541340685,40686,406871022
Aegirine-augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Na)(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O62070427.7140685286
Aeschynite-(Ce)  (*)Aeschynite(Ce,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)656654414068543
Aeschynite-(Nd)  (*)Aeschynite(Nd,Ln,Ca)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)65665441406867
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)2070544440685,40686,40688,406908803
Allanite-(Ce)  (*)Allanite EpidoteCaCe(Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)566544240685,40686706
Alstonite  (*)AlstoniteBaCa(CO3)22070427.714068524
Alunite  (*)NoneKAl3(SO4)2(OH)62070427.7140685966
Anatase  (*)Not in a structural groupTiO22070427.71406852162
Andalusite  (*)AndalusiteAl2SiO52070427.71406851310
Andradite  (*)GarnetCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)32070427.71406851534
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)220705441406883092
Anorthite  (*)FeldsparCa(Al2Si2O8)2070427.71406851036
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)2070427.71406853250
Arfvedsonite  (*)AmphiboleNaNa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)22070427.7240685,40690295
Augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O62070427.71406852060
Bafertisite  (*)NoneBa2Fe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F22070544240685,4068616
Baotite  (*)BaotiteBa4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl2070427.714068527
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)2070541440686,40687,40688,4069011547
Barytocalcite  (*)NoneBaCa(CO3)22070427.714068583
Bastnäsite-(Ce)  (*)BastnäsiteCe(CO3)F2070541340686,40687,40690304
Bastnäsite-(Y)  (*)BastnäsiteY(CO3)F56654414068510
Benstonite  (*)NoneBa6Ca6Mg(CO3)13207054414068817
Britholite-(Ce)  (*)Apatite(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3(OH)566544140685115
Brockite  (*)Rhabdophane(Ca,Th,Ce)(PO4)·H2O56654414068548
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)2070541540685,40686,40687,40688,4069027770
Carbocernaite  (*)Carbocernaite(Sr,Ce,La)(Ca,Na)(CO3)256654414068824
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO22070427.71406855171
Cebaite-(Ce)  (*)NoneBa3Ce2(CO3)5F22070544340686,40688,406908
Cerianite-(Ce)  (*)FluoriteCeO256654414068894
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS22070427.714068527198
Chevkinite-(Ce)  (*)ChevkiniteCe4(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)5O8(Si2O7)256654414068589
Chrysoberyl  (*)OlivineBeAl2O42070427.7140685321
Fergusonite-(Ce)-β  (*)NoneCeNbO4566544240685,406863
Fergusonite-(Nd)-β  (*)NoneNdNbO45665441406881
Clinohumite  (*)HumiteMg9(SiO4)4F22070427.7140685236
Clinozoisite  (*)Clinozoisite EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)2070427.71406851025
Columbite-(Fe)  (*)ColumbiteFe2+Nb2O62070427.7140685518
Columbite-(Mn)  (*)ColumbiteMn2+Nb2O62070427.7140685289
Cordylite-(Ce)  (*)Cordylite(Na,Ca,   )BaCe2(CO3)4(F,O)2070544340685,40686,4069015
Cummingtonite  (*)Amphibole   Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)22070427.7140685327
Daqingshanite-(Ce)  (*)NoneSr3Ce(PO4)(CO3)35665441406859
Dingdaohengite-(Ce)  (*)Chevkinite(Ce,La)4Fe2+(Ti,Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)2Ti2Si4O225665441406853
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O62070541340685,40686,406874135
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)22070541440686,40687,40688,406909895
Dravite  (*)TourmalineNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)2070427.7140685648
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)2070427.71406858173
Fayalite  (*)OlivineFe2+2(SiO4)2070427.7140685371
Fergusonite-(Ce)  (*)ScheeliteCeNbO4·0.3H2O566544240685,4068616
Fergusonite-(Y)  (*)ScheeliteYNbO4566544140685196
Ferrisepiolite  (*)Sepiolite(Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4[(Si,Fe3+)6O15](O,OH)2·6H2O2070427.71406855
Ferro-edenite  (*)AmphiboleNaCa2Fe2+5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2207054414068657
Fersmite  (*)ColumbiteCaNb2O61600541240686,4068783
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F2070544340685,40686,406902740
Fluorbritholite-(Ce)  (*)Apatite(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F56654414068619
Fluorcalciopyrochlore  (*)None(Ca,Na)2(Nb,Ti)2O6F2070427.714068518
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF22070541440686,40687,40688,406909617
Fluorokinoshitalite  (*)MicaBaMg3Al2Si2O10F220705441406862
Fluorophlogopite  (*)MicaKMg3(Si3Al)O10F22070427.714068547
Fluorotetraferriphlogopite  (*)MicaKMg3Fe3+Si3O10F220705441406863
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS2070544240685,4068624243
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)2070544240685,406867437
Graphite  (*)NoneC2070427.71406852812
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O2070427.71406856890
Halite  (*)RocksaltNaCl2070427.71406851398
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O32070541540685,40686,40687,40688,4069014640
Huanghoite-(Ce)  (*)NoneBaCe(CO3)2F2070541440685,40686,40687,406909
Humite  (*)HumiteMg7(SiO4)3F2207054414068680
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O32070427.71406855433
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)62070427.71406852228
Lanthanite-(Ce)  (*)LanthaniteCe2(CO3)3·8H2O56654414068516
Loparite-(Ce)  (*)Perovskite(Na,Ce,Sr)(Ce,Th)(Ti,Nb)2O656654414068857
Magbasite  (*)NoneKBaFe3+Mg7Si8O22(OH)2F62070427.71406852
Maghemite  (*)Spinel(Fe3+0.67   0.33)Fe3+2O42070427.7140685229
Magnesio-arfvedsonite  (*)AmphiboleNaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)22070427.714068579
Magnesio-riebeckite  (*)Amphibole   Na2(Mg3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)22070544340685,40686,4069093
Magnesiochromite  (*)SpinelMgCr2O42070427.7140685311
Magnesioferrite  (*)SpinelMgFe3+2O4207054414068698
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O42070541540685,40686,40687,40688,4069014899
Manganite  (*)RutileMn3+O(OH)2070427.7140685770
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O2070427.7140685915
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)2070427.71406854924
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS22070427.71406855800
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)MonaziteCe(PO4)1600541240686,40687945
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O2070427.71406851508
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)22070427.714068517380
Nioboaeschynite-(Ce)  (*)Aeschynite(Ce,Ca)(Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)656654414068517
Nontronite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculiteNa0.3Fe3+2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O2070427.7140685471
Norbergite  (*)HumiteMg3(SiO4)F2207054414068637
Norsethite  (*)NoneBaMg(CO3)22070544240686,4068830
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O2070427.71406852994
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)2070427.71406852349
Paralstonite  (*)ParalstoniteBaCa(CO3)22070427.71406857
Parisite-(Ce)  (*)ParisiteCaCe2(CO3)3F22070541340686,40687,40690112
Perovskite  (*)PerovskiteCaTiO32070544140688495
Perrierite-(Ce)  (*)ChevkiniteCe4MgFe3+2Ti2O8(Si2O7)256654414068646
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)22070541540685,40686,40687,40688,406902273
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS22070544240686,4068839462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO22070427.71406853106
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S82070544340685,40686,406889056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO22070544440685,40686,40688,4069061156
Rhabdophane-(Ce)  (*)RhabdophaneCe(PO4)·H2O56654414068566
Richterite  (*)AmphiboleNa(NaCa)Mg5Si8O22(OH)22070544240685,40686148
Riebeckite  (*)Amphibole   Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)22070541440686,40687,40688,40690375
Röntgenite-(Ce)  (*)NoneCa2Ce3(CO3)5F356654414068615
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO22070427.71406855614
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)2070427.71406852705
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)2070427.71406856417
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS2070427.714068521482
Spinel  (*)SpinelMgAl2O42070427.71406851934
Strontianite  (*)AragoniteSr(CO3)2070544140688589
Sylvite  (*)RocksaltKCl2070427.7140685275
Synchysite-(Ce)  (*)NoneCaCe(CO3)2F566544140685232
Tainiolite  (*)MicaKLiMg2Si4O10F22070427.714068540
Thorianite  (*)FluoriteThO22070544240685,40686236
Thorite  (*)ZirconTh(SiO4)2070544240685,406881006
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O2070427.71406854899
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)22070544240685,406862562
Vesuvianite  (*)Vesuvianite(Ca,Na)19(Al,Mg,Fe)13(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(OH,F,O)102070427.71406851395
Wulfenite  (*)ScheelitePbMoO42070427.71406851655
Xenotime-(Y)  (*)ZirconY(PO4)566544140685939
Yangzhumingite  (*)MicaKMg2.5Si4O10F220705441406864
Zhangpeishanite  (*)MatlockiteBaFCl20705441406862
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)20702070240685,406865251


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Jen_0001114MAGMATIC STYLE: Dykes and possible dolomitized carbonatite tuff. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: There are extensive peralkaline granites but their relationship, if any, to the carbonatites is not clear. Basic dykes and brecciated peridotite also occur.
Jen_0001115MAGMATIC STYLE: Dykes and possible dolomitized carbonatite tuff. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: There are extensive peralkaline granites but their relationship, if any, to the carbonatites is not clear. Basic dykes and brecciated peridotite also occur.
Jen_0001116MAGMATIC STYLE: Dykes and possible dolomitized carbonatite tuff. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: There are extensive peralkaline granites but their relationship, if any, to the carbonatites is not clear. Basic dykes and brecciated peridotite also occur.
Jen_0001117MAGMATIC STYLE: Dykes and possible dolomitized carbonatite tuff. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: There are extensive peralkaline granites but their relationship, if any, to the carbonatites is not clear. Basic dykes and brecciated peridotite also occur.
Jen_0001118MAGMATIC STYLE: Dykes and possible dolomitized carbonatite tuff. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: There are extensive peralkaline granites but their relationship, if any, to the carbonatites is not clear. Basic dykes and brecciated peridotite also occur.
Jen_0001119MAGMATIC STYLE: Dykes and possible dolomitized carbonatite tuff. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: There are extensive peralkaline granites but their relationship, if any, to the carbonatites is not clear. Basic dykes and brecciated peridotite also occur.
Jen_0001120MAGMATIC STYLE: Dykes and possible dolomitized carbonatite tuff. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: There are extensive peralkaline granites but their relationship, if any, to the carbonatites is not clear. Basic dykes and brecciated peridotite also occur.


12 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
CMP168_1041_0001138512651325 ± 60Th-Pbmineralizationzircon   Zircon  720Bayan Obo Deposit (Bayun-Obo Deposit; Baiyunebo Deposit), Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo Mining District, Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, ChinaBayan Obo depositCampbell (2014) CMP168_1041 
CMP168_1041_0002484.3427.7456 ± 28.2Th-Pbmineralizationzircon   Zircon  720Bayan Obo Deposit (Bayun-Obo Deposit; Baiyunebo Deposit), Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo Mining District, Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, ChinaBayan Obo depositCampbell (2014) CMP168_1041 
Jen_0001114207020702070U-Pb zircon   Zircon  720Bayan Obo Deposit (Bayun-Obo Deposit; Baiyunebo Deposit), Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo Mining District, Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, ChinaBayan Obo MineYang and Woolley (2006) JAES27_559 
Jen_0001115809809809Sm-Nd whole rock     720Bayan Obo Deposit (Bayun-Obo Deposit; Baiyunebo Deposit), Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo Mining District, Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, ChinaBayan Obo MineYang and Woolley (2006) JAES27_559 
Jen_0001116122312231223Sm-Nd whole rock     720Bayan Obo Deposit (Bayun-Obo Deposit; Baiyunebo Deposit), Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo Mining District, Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, ChinaBayan Obo MineYang and Woolley (2006) JAES27_559 
Jen_0001117128612861286Sm-Nd whole rock     720Bayan Obo Deposit (Bayun-Obo Deposit; Baiyunebo Deposit), Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo Mining District, Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, ChinaBayan Obo MineYang and Woolley (2006) JAES27_559 
Jen_0001118131313131313Sm-Nd whole rock     720Bayan Obo Deposit (Bayun-Obo Deposit; Baiyunebo Deposit), Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo Mining District, Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, ChinaBayan Obo MineYang and Woolley (2006) JAES27_559 
Jen_0001119109610961096Sm-Nd whole rock     720Bayan Obo Deposit (Bayun-Obo Deposit; Baiyunebo Deposit), Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo Mining District, Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, ChinaBayan Obo MineYang and Woolley (2006) JAES27_559 
Jen_0001120120812081208Sm-Nd whole rock     720Bayan Obo Deposit (Bayun-Obo Deposit; Baiyunebo Deposit), Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo Mining District, Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, ChinaBayan Obo MineYang and Woolley (2006) JAES27_559 
PR291_202_0001131412901302 ± 12Th-Pbmineralizationzircon   Zircon  720Bayan Obo Deposit (Bayun-Obo Deposit; Baiyunebo Deposit), Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo Mining District, Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, ChinaBayan Obo depositZhang (2017) PR291_202 
TMA-00004566544555±11Th-Pb bastnӓsite    Ce, La, Nd, Y720Bayan Obo Deposit (Bayun-Obo Deposit; Baiyunebo Deposit), Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo Mining District, Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, ChinaBayan Obo REE ore depositWang et al. (1994)10.1016/0016-7037(94)90043-4GCA58_3155The combination of textural evidence and isotopic data from this study indicates that intermittent REE mineralization of the Bayan Obo deposit started at about 555 Ma, and the principal mineralization related to Caledonian subduction occurred between 474 and 400 Ma.; The most important results of this study indicate that (1) the large database of precise chronology, in conjunction with mineral replacement relation, provides evidence for a prolonged period of mineralization within the giant Bayan Obo orebody and (2) lead and neodymium isotopic compositions indicate that the source for the ores was depleted in uranium but enriched in thorium and LREEs.; note spelling as Bastnaesite in lit.
ree-002491600541Middle Proterozoic-- 1580 Ma        143972Main Pit, Bayan Obo Deposit (Bayun-Obo Deposit; Baiyunebo Deposit), Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo Mining District, Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, ChinaBayan Obo (Baotou)Orris and Grauch (2002) USGSOFR02_189 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R060251Bayan Obo Deposit (Bayun-Obo Deposit; Baiyunebo Deposit), Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo Mining District, Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, Chinahttps://rruff.info/R060251
R060248Bayan Obo Deposit (Bayun-Obo Deposit; Baiyunebo Deposit), Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo Mining District, Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, Chinahttps://rruff.info/R060248

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