Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert), Karazhal, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan

Oldest recorded age at locality: 265
Youngest recorded age at locality: 255

mindat Locality ID: 2213
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-2213.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert), Karazhal, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan": 3
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 2

Number of Child Localities: 1
Child Localities:
Kara-Oba W Deposit

Latitude: 47°15'27"N
Longitude: 71°14'30"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 47.2575,71.241666666667
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As Ba Be Bi C Ca Ce Cl Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Nd O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Sr Ta Ti U W Y Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAluniteAmorphousAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArsenicArsenopyriteAtacamiteBaryte
BerylBetpakdaliteBismutiteBrochantiteBrookiteCalciteCancrinite-sodaliteChalcanthiteChalcopyriteChlorite
ChukhroviteClayColumbiteCorundumCovelliteDiasporeFeldsparFluoriteGarnetGypsum
KaoliniteKobelliteLinariteMalachiteMarcasiteMatlockiteMeneghiniteMicaMolybdeniteMonazite
NadoriteNickelineNolaniteNoneNot in a structural groupOlivinePalygorskitePhenakitePyritePyrochlore
PyroxeneQuartzRocksaltRutileScheeliteSerpentineSmectite-vermiculiteSodaliteSphaleriteSpinel
StibniteStilpnomelaneSulphurTetrahedriteTitaniteTopazTungstiteVesuvianiteZircon

112 IMA Minerals at location:
Aikinite  (*)Akdalaite  (*)Albite  (*)Amesite  (*)Anatase  (*)
Andalusite  (*)Andradite  (*)Anglesite  (*)Anhydrite  (*)Ankerite  (*)
Arsenopyrite  (*)Atacamite  (*)Augite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Bertrandite  (*)Beryl  (*)Betpakdalite-CaCa  (*)Beudantite  (*)Bismoclite  (*)
Bismuth  (*)Bismuthinite  (*)Bismutite  (*)Bornite  (*)Brochantite  (*)
Brookite  (*)Calcite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)Celestine  (*)Cerussite  (*)
Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chrysoberyl  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)
Chukhrovite-(Nd)  (*)Chukhrovite-(Y)  (*)Corundum  (*)Cosalite  (*)Covellite  (*)
Creedite  (*)Cronstedtite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Cuprotungstite  (*)Diaspore  (*)
Dickite  (*)Diopside  (*)Dolomite  (*)Ferberite  (*)Ferrimolybdite  (*)
Fluorite  (*)Gahnite  (*)Galena  (*)Galenobismutite  (*)Gearksutite  (*)
Goethite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Helvine  (*)Hematite  (*)Hübnerite  (*)
Hydrokenoelsmoreite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Ixiolite  (*)Jarosite  (*)Koechlinite  (*)
Linarite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Metazeunerite  (*)
Mimetite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)Monazite-(Ce)  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)Muscovite  (*)
Nacrite  (*)Natrojarosite  (*)Nontronite  (*)Opal  (*)Palygorskite  (*)
Perite  (*)Phenakite  (*)Phlogopite  (*)Plumbojarosite  (*)Powellite  (*)
Pyrite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Rhodochrosite  (*)Russellite  (*)
Rutile  (*)Scheelite  (*)Schröckingerite  (*)Scorodite  (*)Siderite  (*)
Siderophyllite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Stilpnomelane  (*)Stolzite  (*)Strontianite  (*)
Sudoite  (*)Sulphur  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Titanite  (*)
Topaz  (*)Tungstite  (*)Vesuvianite  (*)Wittichenite  (*)Wulfenite  (*)
Zavaritskite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Aikinite  (*)MeneghiniteCuPbBiS3265255177355315
Akdalaite  (*)NolaniteAl10O14(OH)22652551773576
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)2652551773558803
Amesite  (*)Clay SerpentineMg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)426525517735774
Anatase  (*)Not in a structural groupTiO22652551773552162
Andalusite  (*)AndalusiteAl2SiO52652551773551310
Andradite  (*)GarnetCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)3265255277355,773571534
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)2652551773552734
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)2652551773551588
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)22652551773553092
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS2652551773559052
Atacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)3265255177355544
Augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O62652551773552060
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)22652551773555509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)26525517735511547
Bertrandite  (*)Not in a structural groupBe4Si2O7(OH)2265255177355606
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O182652551773554286
Betpakdalite-CaCa  (*)Betpakdalite[Ca2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)]26525517735515
Beudantite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6265255177355413
Bismoclite  (*)MatlockiteBiOCl26525517735571
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi2652551773551966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S32652551773551935
Bismutite  (*)BismutiteBi2O2(CO3)265255177355716
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS42652551773555516
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)62652551773551633
Brookite  (*)BrookiteTiO2265255177355700
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)26525517735527770
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO2265255277355,773575171
Celestine  (*)BaryteSr(SO4)2652551773551252
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)2652551773554979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O265255177355925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S2652551773555707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS226525517735527198
Chrysoberyl  (*)OlivineBeAl2O4265255177357321
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O2652551773553531
Chukhrovite-(Nd)  (*)ChukhroviteCa3NdAl2(SO4)F13·12H2O2652551773551
Chukhrovite-(Y)  (*)ChukhroviteCa3YAl2(SO4)F13·12H2O2652551773553
Corundum  (*)CorundumAl2O32652551773571797
Cosalite  (*)NonePb2Bi2S5265255177355344
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS2652551773554165
Creedite  (*)NoneCa3Al2(SO4)(OH)2F8·2H2O26525517735548
Cronstedtite  (*)Clay Serpentine(Fe2+,Fe3+)3(Si,Fe3+)2O5(OH)426525517735554
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O2652551773552970
Cuprotungstite  (*)NoneCu2+3(WO4)2(OH)226525517735567
Diaspore  (*)DiasporeAlO(OH)265255277355,77357481
Dickite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4265255177355651
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O62652551773574135
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)22652551773579895
Ferberite  (*)ColumbiteFe2+(WO4)265255177355551
Ferrimolybdite  (*)NoneFe3+2(Mo6+O4)3·7H2O265255177355345
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF2265255377355,77356,773579617
Gahnite  (*)SpinelZnAl2O4265255177357445
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS265255277355,7735724243
Galenobismutite  (*)KobellitePbBi2S4265255177355192
Gearksutite  (*)NoneCaAlF4(OH)·H2O26525517735568
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)2652551773557437
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O2652551773556890
Helvine  (*)Sodalite Cancrinite-sodaliteBe3Mn2+4(SiO4)3S265255177355237
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O326525517735514640
Hübnerite  (*)ColumbiteMn2+(WO4)265255177355469
Hydrokenoelsmoreite  (*)Pyrochlore   2W2O6(H2O)26525517735557
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O32652551773555433
Ixiolite  (*)Columbite(Ta2/3Mn2+1/3)O2265255177355148
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)62652551773552228
Koechlinite  (*)NoneBi2MoO626525517735539
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)2265255177355987
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4265255277355,7735714899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)226525517735512537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS22652551773555674
Metazeunerite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O265255177355182
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl2652551773551107
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS2265255277355,773565800
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)MonaziteCe(PO4)265255177356945
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O2652551773551508
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2265255377355,77356,7735717380
Nacrite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4265255177355112
Natrojarosite  (*)AluniteNaFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6265255177356254
Nontronite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculiteNa0.3Fe3+2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O265255177355471
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O2652551773552994
Palygorskite  (*)Palygorskite Clay(Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4H2O265255177355306
Perite  (*)NadoritePbBiO2Cl26525517735527
Phenakite  (*)PhenakiteBe2(SiO4)265255177355326
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)22652551773552273
Plumbojarosite  (*)AlunitePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6265255177355477
Powellite  (*)ScheeliteCa(MoO4)265255177355494
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2265255277355,7735639462
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S82652551773559056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2265255277355,7735661156
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)2652551773551711
Russellite  (*)NoneBi2WO626525517735540
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO22652551773555614
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)265255277355,773574894
Schröckingerite  (*)NoneNaCa3(UO2)(SO4)(CO3)3F·10H2O265255177355128
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O2652551773551153
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)2652551773556417
Siderophyllite  (*)MicaKFe2+2Al(Si2Al2)O10(OH)226525517735592
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS265255277355,7735721482
Stilpnomelane  (*)Stilpnomelane Clay(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36·nH2O265255177355456
Stolzite  (*)ScheelitePb(WO4)265255177355156
Strontianite  (*)AragoniteSr(CO3)265255177355589
Sudoite  (*)Chlorite ClayMg2Al3(Si3Al)O10(OH)826525517735551
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS2652551773552045
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S132652551773551803
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S132652551773555317
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O2652551773554899
Topaz  (*)TopazAl2SiO4F2265255277355,773571476
Tungstite  (*)TungstiteWO3·H2O265255177355118
Vesuvianite  (*)Vesuvianite(Ca,Na)19(Al,Mg,Fe)13(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(OH,F,O)102652551773571395
Wittichenite  (*)NoneCu3BiS3265255177355297
Wulfenite  (*)ScheelitePbMoO42652551773551655
Zavaritskite  (*)MatlockiteBiOF26525517735526
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)2652551773555251


1 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Mo-00026265255260±5?-?     Betpakdalite-CaCa, Ferrimolybdite, Koechlinite, Molybdenite, Powellite, WulfeniteMo2222Kara-Oba W Deposit, Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert), Karazhal, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan Pautov et al. (2005) NDM40_5 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R060601Kara-Oba W Deposit, Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert), Karazhal, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstanhttps://rruff.info/R060601
R060900Kara-Oba W Deposit, Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert), Karazhal, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstanhttps://rruff.info/R060900

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...

Other copyright data...