Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Karazhal, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan

Oldest recorded age at locality: 372
Youngest recorded age at locality: 255

mindat Locality ID: 302649
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-302649.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Karazhal, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan": 10
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 5

Number of Child Localities: 3
Child Localities:
Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert)
Ushkatyn Deposits (Ushkatan)
Zhayrem (Zhairem)

Latitude: 47°59'8"N
Longitude: 70°42'9"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 47.985555555556,70.7025
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As B Ba Be Bi C Ca Ce Cl Cu F Fe H K La Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Nd O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Sr Ta Ti U W Y Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAluniteAmorphousAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArsenicArsenopyriteAtacamiteAxinite
BaryteBerylBetpakdaliteBismutiteBrauniteBrochantiteBrookiteCalciteCancrinite-sodaliteChalcanthite
ChalcopyriteChloriteChukhroviteClayColumbiteCoronaditeCorundumCovelliteDiasporeEpidote
FeldsparFluoriteGarnetGypsumKaoliniteKobelliteLinariteMalachiteMarcasiteMatlockite
MeneghiniteMicaMolybdeniteMonaziteNadoriteNickelineNolaniteNoneNot in a structural groupOlivine
PalygorskitePhenakitePyritePyrochlorePyrosmalitePyroxeneQuartzRhodoniteRocksaltRoselite
RutileScheeliteSerpentineSmectite-vermiculiteSodaliteSphaleriteSpinelStibniteStilpnomelaneSulphur
TetrahedriteTitaniteTopazTungstiteVesuvianiteWagneriteZircon

135 IMA Minerals at location:
Aikinite  (*)Akdalaite  (*)Albite  (*)Amesite  (*)Anatase  (*)
Andalusite  (*)Andradite  (*)Anglesite  (*)Anhydrite  (*)Ankerite  (*)
Arsenopyrite  (*)Atacamite  (*)Augite  (*)Axinite-(Mn)  (*)Azurite  (*)
Baryte  (*)Bementite  (*)Bertrandite  (*)Beryl  (*)Betpakdalite-CaCa  (*)
Beudantite  (*)Bismoclite  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bismuthinite  (*)Bismutite  (*)
Bornite  (*)Brandtite  (*)Braunite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Brookite  (*)
Calcite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)Celestine  (*)Cerussite  (*)Chalcanthite  (*)
Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chrysoberyl  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Chukhrovite-(Nd)  (*)
Chukhrovite-(Y)  (*)Coronadite  (*)Corundum  (*)Cosalite  (*)Covellite  (*)
Creedite  (*)Cronstedtite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Cuprotungstite  (*)Diaspore  (*)
Dickite  (*)Diopside  (*)Dolomite  (*)Ferberite  (*)Ferrimolybdite  (*)
Fluorite  (*)Franklinite  (*)Freibergite  (*)Friedelite  (*)Gahnite  (*)
Galena  (*)Galenobismutite  (*)Gasparite-(La)  (*)Gearksutite  (*)Goethite  (*)
Gypsum  (*)Hausmannite  (*)Helvine  (*)Hematite  (*)Hübnerite  (*)
Hydrokenoelsmoreite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Ixiolite  (*)Jacobsite  (*)Jarosite  (*)
Kentrolite  (*)Koechlinite  (*)Linarite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)
Manganite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Metazeunerite  (*)Mimetite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Nacrite  (*)Natrojarosite  (*)
Neotocite  (*)Nontronite  (*)Opal  (*)Palygorskite  (*)Pennantite  (*)
Perite  (*)Phenakite  (*)Phlogopite  (*)Piemontite  (*)Plumbojarosite  (*)
Powellite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Pyrosmalite-(Fe)  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)
Quartz  (*)Rhodochrosite  (*)Rhodonite  (*)Russellite  (*)Rutile  (*)
Sarkinite  (*)Schallerite  (*)Scheelite  (*)Schröckingerite  (*)Scorodite  (*)
Siderite  (*)Siderophyllite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Stilpnomelane  (*)Stolzite  (*)
Strontianite  (*)Sudoite  (*)Sulphur  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)Tephroite  (*)
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Titanite  (*)Todorokite  (*)Topaz  (*)Tungstite  (*)
Vesuvianite  (*)Wittichenite  (*)Wulfenite  (*)Zavaritskite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Aikinite  (*)MeneghiniteCuPbBiS3265255177355315
Akdalaite  (*)NolaniteAl10O14(OH)22652551773576
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)2652551773558803
Amesite  (*)Clay SerpentineMg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)426525517735774
Anatase  (*)Not in a structural groupTiO22652551773552162
Andalusite  (*)AndalusiteAl2SiO52652551773551310
Andradite  (*)GarnetCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)3265255277355,773571534
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)2652551773552734
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)2652551773551588
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)22652551773553092
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS2652551773559052
Atacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)3265255177355544
Augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O62652551773552060
Axinite-(Mn)  (*)AxiniteCa4Mn2+2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2372359377359,77361,7736288
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)22652551773555509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)372255377355,77359,7736111547
Bementite  (*)ClayMn7Si6O15(OH)8372359177361173
Bertrandite  (*)Not in a structural groupBe4Si2O7(OH)2265255177355606
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O182652551773554286
Betpakdalite-CaCa  (*)Betpakdalite[Ca2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)]26525517735515
Beudantite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6265255177355413
Bismoclite  (*)MatlockiteBiOCl26525517735571
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi2652551773551966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S32652551773551935
Bismutite  (*)BismutiteBi2O2(CO3)265255177355716
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS42652551773555516
Brandtite  (*)RoseliteCa2Mn2+(AsO4)2·2H2O372359277361,7736218
Braunite  (*)BrauniteMn2+Mn3+6O8(SiO4)372359177362483
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)62652551773551633
Brookite  (*)BrookiteTiO2265255177355700
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)372255477355,77359,77361,7736227770
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO2265255277355,773575171
Celestine  (*)BaryteSr(SO4)2652551773551252
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)372255377355,77361,773624979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O265255177355925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S2652551773555707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2372255277355,7735927198
Chrysoberyl  (*)OlivineBeAl2O4265255177357321
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O2652551773553531
Chukhrovite-(Nd)  (*)ChukhroviteCa3NdAl2(SO4)F13·12H2O2652551773551
Chukhrovite-(Y)  (*)ChukhroviteCa3YAl2(SO4)F13·12H2O2652551773553
Coronadite  (*)CoronaditePb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16372359177361227
Corundum  (*)CorundumAl2O32652551773571797
Cosalite  (*)NonePb2Bi2S5265255177355344
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS2652551773554165
Creedite  (*)NoneCa3Al2(SO4)(OH)2F8·2H2O26525517735548
Cronstedtite  (*)Clay Serpentine(Fe2+,Fe3+)3(Si,Fe3+)2O5(OH)426525517735554
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O2652551773552970
Cuprotungstite  (*)NoneCu2+3(WO4)2(OH)226525517735567
Diaspore  (*)DiasporeAlO(OH)265255277355,77357481
Dickite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4265255177355651
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O62652551773574135
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)22652551773579895
Ferberite  (*)ColumbiteFe2+(WO4)265255177355551
Ferrimolybdite  (*)NoneFe3+2(Mo6+O4)3·7H2O265255177355345
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF2265255377355,77356,773579617
Franklinite  (*)SpinelZnFe3+2O437235917735952
Freibergite  (*)TetrahedriteAg6[Cu4Fe2]Sb4S12372359177361663
Friedelite  (*)Pyrosmalite ClayMn2+8Si6O15(OH)10372359277359,7736140
Gahnite  (*)SpinelZnAl2O4265255177357445
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS372255477355,77357,77359,7736124243
Galenobismutite  (*)KobellitePbBi2S4265255177355192
Gasparite-(La)  (*)MonaziteLa(AsO4)3723591773625
Gearksutite  (*)NoneCaAlF4(OH)·H2O26525517735568
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)2652551773557437
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O2652551773556890
Hausmannite  (*)SpinelMn2+Mn3+2O4372359277361,77362350
Helvine  (*)Sodalite Cancrinite-sodaliteBe3Mn2+4(SiO4)3S265255177355237
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3372255377355,77359,7736114640
Hübnerite  (*)ColumbiteMn2+(WO4)265255177355469
Hydrokenoelsmoreite  (*)Pyrochlore   2W2O6(H2O)26525517735557
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O32652551773555433
Ixiolite  (*)Columbite(Ta2/3Mn2+1/3)O2265255177355148
Jacobsite  (*)SpinelMn2+Fe3+2O4372359377359,77361,77362172
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)62652551773552228
Kentrolite  (*)NonePb2Mn3+2O2(Si2O7)372359377359,77361,7736222
Koechlinite  (*)NoneBi2MoO626525517735539
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)2265255177355987
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4372255477355,77357,77359,7736114899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)226525517735512537
Manganite  (*)RutileMn3+O(OH)372359177361770
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS22652551773555674
Metazeunerite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O265255177355182
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl2652551773551107
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS2265255277355,773565800
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)MonaziteCe(PO4)265255177356945
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O2652551773551508
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2265255377355,77356,7735717380
Nacrite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4265255177355112
Natrojarosite  (*)AluniteNaFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6265255177356254
Neotocite  (*)Allophane(Mn,Fe)SiO3·H2O (?)372359377359,77361,77362186
Nontronite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculiteNa0.3Fe3+2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O265255177355471
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O2652551773552994
Palygorskite  (*)Palygorskite Clay(Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4H2O265255177355306
Pennantite  (*)Chlorite ClayMn2+5Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)8372359377359,77361,7736225
Perite  (*)NadoritePbBiO2Cl26525517735527
Phenakite  (*)PhenakiteBe2(SiO4)265255177355326
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)22652551773552273
Piemontite  (*)EpidoteCa2(Al2Mn3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)372359177361260
Plumbojarosite  (*)AlunitePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6265255177355477
Powellite  (*)ScheeliteCa(MoO4)265255177355494
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2265255277355,7735639462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO23723591773623106
Pyrosmalite-(Fe)  (*)Pyrosmalite ClayFe2+8Si6O15(OH)1037235917736138
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S82652551773559056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2265255277355,7735661156
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)372255277355,773621711
Rhodonite  (*)RhodoniteCaMn3Mn(Si5O15)372359177362969
Russellite  (*)NoneBi2WO626525517735540
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO22652551773555614
Sarkinite  (*)WagneriteMn2+2(AsO4)(OH)37235917736130
Schallerite  (*)Pyrosmalite ClayMn2+16As3+3Si12O36(OH)173723591773598
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)265255377354,77355,773574894
Schröckingerite  (*)NoneNaCa3(UO2)(SO4)(CO3)3F·10H2O265255177355128
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O2652551773551153
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)2652551773556417
Siderophyllite  (*)MicaKFe2+2Al(Si2Al2)O10(OH)226525517735592
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS372255477355,77357,77359,7736121482
Stilpnomelane  (*)Stilpnomelane Clay(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36·nH2O265255177355456
Stolzite  (*)ScheelitePb(WO4)265255177355156
Strontianite  (*)AragoniteSr(CO3)265255177355589
Sudoite  (*)Chlorite ClayMg2Al3(Si3Al)O10(OH)826525517735551
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS2652551773552045
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S13372255277355,773611803
Tephroite  (*)OlivineMn2+2(SiO4)372359277359,77361240
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S13372255277355,773615317
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O2652551773554899
Todorokite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O372359277361,77362433
Topaz  (*)TopazAl2SiO4F2265255277355,773571476
Tungstite  (*)TungstiteWO3·H2O265255177355118
Vesuvianite  (*)Vesuvianite(Ca,Na)19(Al,Mg,Fe)13(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(OH,F,O)102652551773571395
Wittichenite  (*)NoneCu3BiS3265255177355297
Wulfenite  (*)ScheelitePbMoO4372255377355,77361,773621655
Zavaritskite  (*)MatlockiteBiOF26525517735526
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)2652551773555251


4 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Mo-00026265255260±5?-?     Betpakdalite-CaCa, Ferrimolybdite, Koechlinite, Molybdenite, Powellite, WulfeniteMo2222Kara-Oba W Deposit, Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert), Karazhal, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan Pautov et al. (2005) NDM40_5 
sedznpb-00297372359Late Devonian (Famennian)        7233Ushkatyn No. 1 Deposit, Ushkatyn Deposits (Ushkatan), Karazhal, Karaganda Region, KazakhstanUshkatyn ISinger et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1252 
sedznpb-00298372359Late Devonian (Famennian)        68194Ushkatyn No. 3 Deposit, Ushkatyn Deposits (Ushkatan), Zhayrem (Zhairem), Karazhal, Karaganda Region, KazakhstanUshkatyn IIISinger et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1252 
sedznpb-00299372359Late Devonian (late Famennian)        211980Zhayrem Mine (Zhairem Mine), Zhayrem (Zhairem), Karazhal, Karaganda Region, KazakhstanZhairemSinger et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1252 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R060601Kara-Oba W Deposit, Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert), Karazhal, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstanhttps://rruff.info/R060601
R060900Kara-Oba W Deposit, Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert), Karazhal, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstanhttps://rruff.info/R060900

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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