Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Vigezzo Valley, Ossola Valley, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy

Oldest recorded age at locality: 36
Youngest recorded age at locality: 30

mindat Locality ID: 22198
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-22198.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Vigezzo Valley, Ossola Valley, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy": 41
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 23

Number of Child Localities: 7
Child Localities:
Craveggia
Druogno
Malesco
Re
Santa Maria Maggiore
Toceno
Trontano

Latitude: 46°7'43"N
Longitude: 8°25'50"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 46.128611111111,8.4305555555556

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Aeschynite	Allanite	Alunite	Amorphous	Amphibole	Analcime	Apatite	Aragonite	Arsenopyrite	Autunite
Baryte	Beryl	Bismutite	Calcite	Chabazite	Chalcopyrite	Chlorite	Clay	Clinozoisite	Columbite
Corundum	Diaspore	Epidote	Feldspar	Fluorite	Gadolinite	Garnet	Gismondine	Harmotome	Hydrotalcite
Kaolinite	Kobellite	Lillianite	Mica	Milarite	Millerite	Molybdenite	Monazite	Mordenite	Natrolite
Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group	Olivine	Phenakite	Phosphuranylite	Prehnite	Pumpellyite	Pyrite	Pyrochlore
Pyrophyllite	Pyroxene	Quartz	Rocksalt	Rutile	Scapolite	Scheelite	Smectite-vermiculite	Spinel	Staurolite
Stibnite	Stilbite	Talc	Tapiolite	Thomsonite	Titanite	Tourmaline	Wagnerite	Wollastonite	Zircon

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As B Be Bi C Ca Ce Cl Cu F Fe H K Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Ni O P Pb S Si Sn Ta Th Ti U V W Y Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Aeschynite Allanite Alunite Amorphous Amphibole Analcime Apatite Aragonite Arsenopyrite Autunite
Baryte Beryl Bismutite Calcite Chabazite Chalcopyrite Chlorite Clay Clinozoisite Columbite
Corundum Diaspore Epidote Feldspar Fluorite Gadolinite Garnet Gismondine Harmotome Hydrotalcite
Kaolinite Kobellite Lillianite Mica Milarite Millerite Molybdenite Monazite Mordenite Natrolite
Nickeline None Not in a structural group Olivine Phenakite Phosphuranylite Prehnite Pumpellyite Pyrite Pyrochlore
Pyrophyllite Pyroxene Quartz Rocksalt Rutile Scapolite Scheelite Smectite-vermiculite Spinel Staurolite
Stibnite Stilbite Talc Tapiolite Thomsonite Titanite Tourmaline Wagnerite Wollastonite Zircon

122 IMA Minerals at location:

Actinolite ()*	Aeschynite-(Y) ()*	Albite ()*	Allanite-(Ce) ()*	Almandine ()*
Analcime ()*	Andradite ()*	Anglesite ()*	Aragonite ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*
Aschamalmite ()*	Autunite ()*	Bavenite ()*	Bertrandite ()*	Beryl ()*
Beyerite ()*	Bismite ()*	Bismuthinite ()*	Calcite ()*	Cassiterite ()*
Cerussite ()*	Chabazite-Ca ()*	Chabazite-Na ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Cheralite ()*
Chrysoberyl ()*	Clinochlore ()*	Fergusonite-(Y)-β ()*	Clinozoisite ()*	Columbite-(Mn) ()*
Corundum ()*	Diopside ()*	Dolomite ()*	Dravite ()*	Elbaite ()*
Epidote ()*	Epistilbite ()*	Euxenite-(Y) ()*	Fergusonite-(Y) ()*	Ferrowodginite ()*
Fersmite ()*	Fluorapatite ()*	Fluorite ()*	Fluorophlogopite ()*	Gadolinite-(Y) ()*
Galena ()*	Galenobismutite ()*	Gismondine ()*	Goethite ()*	Grossular ()*
Hematite ()*	Heyrovskýite ()*	Huttonite ()*	Hydrokenoelsmoreite ()*	Hydromagnesite ()*
Hydroxylapatite ()*	Ilmenite ()*	Jarosite ()*	Kaolinite ()*	Kyanite ()*
Laumontite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Malayaite ()*	Margarite ()*	Meionite ()*
Meliphanite ()*	Microcline ()*	Milarite ()*	Millerite ()*	Molybdenite ()*
Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Montmorillonite ()*	Muscovite ()*	Opal ()*	Orthoclase ()*
Oxy-dravite ()*	Uranophane-β ()*	Phenakite ()*	Phillipsite-Ca ()*	Phlogopite ()*
Phosphuranylite ()*	Polycrase-(Y) ()*	Prehnite ()*	Pumpellyite-(Mg) ()*	Pyrite ()*
Pyrophyllite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Reevesite ()*	Roggianite ()*
Rutile ()*	Samarskite-(Y) ()*	Saponite ()*	Scheelite ()*	Schorl ()*
Scolecite ()*	Spessartine ()*	Spinel ()*	Staurolite ()*	Stilbite-Ca ()*
Stolzite ()*	Talc ()*	Tantalite-(Fe) ()*	Tantalite-(Mn) ()*	Tanteuxenite-(Y) ()*
Tapiolite-(Fe) ()*	Thomsonite-Ca ()*	Thorite ()*	Titanite ()*	Torbernite ()*
Tremolite ()*	Uraninite ()*	Uranophane-α ()*	Uranopolycrase ()*	Vanadinite ()*
Vigezzite ()*	Wagnerite ()*	Wollastonite ()*	Wulfenite ()*	Xenotime-(Y) ()*
Zircon ()*	Zoisite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	36	30	7	71165,71169,71178,71179,71188,71189,71190	3419
Aeschynite-(Y) ()*	Aeschynite	(Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)₂(O,OH)₆			1	71185	141
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	36	30	10	71155,71156,71160,71165,71180,71185,71188,71189,71190,71192	8803
Allanite-(Ce) ()*	Allanite Epidote	CaCe(Al₂Fe²⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	36	30	7	71165,71180,71185,71188,71189,71190,71192	706
Almandine ()*	Garnet	Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃			2	71156,71159	2353
Analcime ()*	Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆)·H₂O	36	30	1	71188	1627
Andradite ()*	Garnet	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃			1	71165	1534
Anglesite ()*	Baryte	Pb(SO₄)	36	30	2	71165,71188	2734
Aragonite ()*	Aragonite	Ca(CO₃)	36	30	1	71188	3250
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS			3	71156,71165,71191	9052
Aschamalmite ()*	Lillianite	Pb_6-3xBi_2+xS₉			1	71173	16
Autunite ()*	Autunite	Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·10-12H₂O			6	71153,71156,71162,71176,71180,71191	1272
Bavenite ()*	None	Ca₄Be_2+xAl_2-xSi₉O_26-x(OH)_2+x (x = 0 to 1)	36	30	10	71153,71156,71161,71162,71165,71180,71185,71188,71190,71191	255
Bertrandite ()*	Not in a structural group	Be₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂	36	30	8	71156,71161,71162,71165,71166,71188,71189,71192	606
Beryl ()*	Beryl	Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈	36	30	11	71153,71156,71160,71161,71165,71176,71185,71188,71189,71190,71191	4286
Beyerite ()*	Bismutite	CaBi₂O₂(CO₃)₂			2	71156,71185	96
Bismite ()*	None	Bi₂O₃			1	71185	214
Bismuthinite ()*	Stibnite	Bi₂S₃			3	71153,71156,71185	1935
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	36	30	4	71165,71182,71188,71190	27770
Cassiterite ()*	Rutile	SnO₂	36	30	2	71165,71188	5171
Cerussite ()*	Aragonite	Pb(CO₃)	36	30	3	71165,71173,71188	4979
Chabazite-Ca ()*	Chabazite	Ca₂[Al₄Si₈O₂₄]·13H₂O	36	30	1	71188	310
Chabazite-Na ()*	Chabazite	(Na₃K)[Al₄Si₈O₂₄]·11H₂O			1	71165	66
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂			1	71169	27198
Cheralite ()*	Monazite	CaTh(PO₄)₂	36	30	1	71189	50
Chrysoberyl ()*	Olivine	BeAl₂O₄	36	30	2	71165,71188	321
Clinochlore ()*	Chlorite Clay	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	36	30	5	71165,71188,71189,71190,71192	1756
Fergusonite-(Y)-β ()*	None	YNbO₄			1	71185	17
Clinozoisite ()*	Clinozoisite Epidote	Ca₂Al₃[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	36	30	5	71165,71169,71188,71190,71191	1025
Columbite-(Mn) ()*	Columbite	Mn²⁺Nb₂O₆	36	30	3	71165,71188,71189	289
Corundum ()*	Corundum	Al₂O₃			1	71167	1797
Diopside ()*	Pyroxene	CaMgSi₂O₆	36	30	3	71169,71179,71190	4135
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	36	30	1	71188	9895
Dravite ()*	Tourmaline	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	36	30	2	71169,71188	648
Elbaite ()*	Tourmaline	Na(Al_1.5Li_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)			1	71157	520
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	36	30	6	71165,71169,71179,71182,71188,71190	8173
Epistilbite ()*	Mordenite	Ca₃[Si₁₈Al₆O₄₈]·16H₂O			1	71155	138
Euxenite-(Y) ()*	Columbite	Y(NbTi)O₆			6	71153,71156,71165,71182,71185,71191	414
Fergusonite-(Y) ()*	Scheelite	YNbO₄			2	71156,71191	196
Ferrowodginite ()*	Columbite	Fe²⁺Sn⁴⁺Ta₂O₈	36	30	2	71165,71188	16
Fersmite ()*	Columbite	CaNb₂O₆	36	30	6	71156,71165,71188,71190,71191,71192	83
Fluorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F			2	71165,71185	2740
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂	36	30	3	71165,71185,71190	9617
Fluorophlogopite ()*	Mica	KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂			1	71173	47
Gadolinite-(Y) ()*	Gadolinite	Y₂Fe²⁺Be₂O₂(SiO₄)₂			3	71157,71180,71185	163
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	36	30	5	71162,71165,71173,71188,71190	24243
Galenobismutite ()*	Kobellite	PbBi₂S₄			1	71162	192
Gismondine ()*	Gismondine	Ca₂(Si₄Al₄)O₁₆·8H₂O	36	30	2	71165,71188	128
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)			2	71165,71185	7437
Grossular ()*	Garnet	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃			2	71155,71165	1544
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃			2	71182,71185	14640
Heyrovskýite ()*	Lillianite	Pb₆Bi₂S₉			1	71173	66
Huttonite ()*	Monazite	Th(SiO₄)			1	71185	37
Hydrokenoelsmoreite ()*	Pyrochlore	₂W₂O₆(H₂O)			1	71162	57
Hydromagnesite ()*	None	Mg₅(CO₃)₄(OH)₂·4H₂O			1	71169	341
Hydroxylapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃OH			2	71156,71165	367
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃			2	71156,71185	5433
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆			2	71161,71162	2228
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄			1	71191	5591
Kyanite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂OSiO₄			2	71182,71184	1507
Laumontite ()*	Not in a structural group	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂·4H₂O			4	71153,71155,71156,71191	1271
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄			2	71178,71185	14899
Malayaite ()*	Titanite	CaSnO(SiO₄)			1	71165	40
Margarite ()*	Mica Clay	CaAl₂Si₂Al₂O₁₀(OH)₂	36	30	3	71165,71188,71190	168
Meionite ()*	Scapolite	Ca₄Al₆Si₆O₂₄(CO₃)			1	71173	176
Meliphanite ()*	None	Ca₄(Na,Ca)₄Be₄AlSi₇O₂₄(F,O)₄	36	30	2	71165,71188	44
Microcline ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)	36	30	4	71165,71188,71190,71191	4924
Milarite ()*	Milarite	KCa₂(Be₂AlSi₁₂)O₃₀·H₂O	36	30	2	71165,71188	156
Millerite ()*	Millerite	NiS			1	71155	1066
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂	36	30	2	71173,71188	5800
Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Monazite	Ce(PO₄)	36	30	3	71185,71189,71191	945
Montmorillonite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	(Na,Ca)_0.3(Al,Mg)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O	36	30	3	71165,71188,71190	1508
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	36	30	8	71161,71165,71182,71185,71188,71189,71190,71191	17380
Opal ()*	Amorphous	SiO₂·nH₂O			3	71153,71156,71191	2994
Orthoclase ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)			1	71191	2349
Oxy-dravite ()*	Tourmaline	Na(Al₂Mg)(Al₅Mg)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O	36	30	1	71188	24
Uranophane-β ()*	None	Ca(UO₂)₂(SiO₃OH)₂·5H₂O			1	71153	144
Phenakite ()*	Phenakite	Be₂(SiO₄)			1	71165	326
Phillipsite-Ca ()*	Harmotome	Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂·12H₂O	36	30	1	71188	75
Phlogopite ()*	Mica Clay	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	36	30	4	71162,71188,71189,71190	2273
Phosphuranylite ()*	Phosphuranylite	KCa(H₃O)₃(UO₂)₇(PO₄)₄O₄·8H₂O			1	71191	182
Polycrase-(Y) ()*	Columbite	Y(Ti,Nb)₂(O,OH)₆			1	71185	121
Prehnite ()*	Prehnite	Ca₂Al(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	36	30	7	71155,71156,71163,71165,71169,71188,71190	1898
Pumpellyite-(Mg) ()*	Pumpellyite	Ca₂MgAl₂(Si₂O₇)(SiO₄)(OH)₂·H₂O	36	30	3	71165,71188,71190	106
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	36	30	7	71155,71161,71165,71173,71185,71188,71190	39462
Pyrophyllite ()*	Clay Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂			1	71156	771
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈			1	71173	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	36	30	15	71155,71156,71160,71161,71162,71165,71166,71175,71182,71184,71185,71188,71189,71190,71191	61156
Reevesite ()*	Hydrotalcite	Ni₆Fe³⁺₂(CO₃)(OH)₁₆·4H₂O			1	71155	48
Roggianite ()*	None	Ca₂BeAl₂Si₄O₁₃(OH)₂·nH₂O (n < 2.5)	36	30	3	71165,71188,71190	5
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂			3	71156,71165,71182	5614
Samarskite-(Y) ()*	Columbite	YFe³⁺Nb₂O₈			2	71185,71191	353
Saponite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	(Ca,Na)_0.3(Mg,Fe)₃(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂·4H₂O	36	30	1	71188	301
Scheelite ()*	Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)	36	30	4	71162,71173,71175,71188	4894
Schorl ()*	Tourmaline	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	36	30	3	71159,71188,71190	2705
Scolecite ()*	Natrolite	Ca(Si₃Al₂)O₁₀·3H₂O			2	71155,71165	390
Spessartine ()*	Garnet	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	36	30	4	71185,71188,71189,71192	1214
Spinel ()*	Spinel	MgAl₂O₄			2	71157,71160	1934
Staurolite ()*	Staurolite	Fe²⁺₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)			1	71159	978
Stilbite-Ca ()*	Stilbite	NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂·28H₂O	36	30	3	71155,71182,71188	268
Stolzite ()*	Scheelite	Pb(WO₄)			1	71173	156
Talc ()*	Clay Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	36	30	8	71155,71165,71169,71178,71188,71189,71190,71192	3337
Tantalite-(Fe) ()*	Columbite	Fe²⁺Ta₂O₆			2	71156,71165	99
Tantalite-(Mn) ()*	Columbite	Mn²⁺Ta₂O₆	36	30	2	71165,71188	211
Tanteuxenite-(Y) ()*	Columbite	Y(TaTi)O₆			2	71156,71162	16
Tapiolite-(Fe) ()*	Tapiolite	Fe²⁺Ta₂O₆	36	30	4	71156,71165,71188,71191	88
Thomsonite-Ca ()*	Thomsonite	NaCa₂(Al₅Si₅)O₂₀·6H₂O	36	30	4	71155,71165,71188,71190	452
Thorite ()*	Zircon	Th(SiO₄)	36	30	3	71165,71185,71188	1006
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O	36	30	9	71155,71165,71180,71182,71185,71188,71189,71190,71192	4899
Torbernite ()*	None	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·12H₂O			2	71157,71180	1059
Tremolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_5.0-4.5Fe²⁺_0.0-0.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	36	30	4	71169,71188,71189,71190	2562
Uraninite ()*	Fluorite	UO₂			4	71153,71156,71157,71191	2718
Uranophane-α ()*	None	Ca(UO₂)₂(SiO₃OH)₂·5H₂O	36	30	5	71153,71156,71165,71187,71191	890
Uranopolycrase ()*	Columbite	UTi₂O₆			1	71184	13
Vanadinite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl	36	30	3	71165,71188,71190	605
Vigezzite ()*	Aeschynite	(Ca,Ce)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆	36	30	2	71165,71188	12
Wagnerite ()*	Wagnerite	Mg₂(PO₄)F			1	71162	61
Wollastonite ()*	Wollastonite	CaSiO₃			1	71155	1247
Wulfenite ()*	Scheelite	PbMoO₄			1	71185	1655
Xenotime-(Y) ()*	Zircon	Y(PO₄)	36	30	3	71185,71188,71191	939
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)	36	30	9	71153,71156,71165,71185,71188,71189,71190,71191,71192	5251
Zoisite ()*	Epidote	Ca₂Al₃[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)			1	71179	1025

1 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	Bradley_2012_026	36	30	33±3	U/Th/Pb			chlorite							25849	Pizzo Marcio, Trontano, Vigezzo Valley, Ossola Valley, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy	Pizzo Marcio	McCauley and Bradley (2014)	10.3749/canmin.52.2.183	CM52_183

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...