Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Ossola Valley, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy

Oldest recorded age at locality: 56
Youngest recorded age at locality: 0

mindat Locality ID: 24157
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-24157.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Ossola Valley, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy": 195
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 123

Number of Child Localities: 18
Child Localities:
Antigorio Valley
Antrona Valley
Anzasca Valley
Beura-Cardezza
Bognanco Valley
Crevoladossola
Divedro Valley
Domodossola
Formazza Valley
Mergozzo
Montecrestese
Ornavasso
Pieve Vergonte
Premosello Chiovenda
Trontano
Vigezzo Valley
Villadossola
Vogogna

Latitude: 46°7'6"N
Longitude: 8°18'34"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 46.118333333333,8.3094444444444

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Acanthite	Adelite	Aeschynite	Allanite	Allophane	Alunite	Amorphous	Amphibole	Analcime	Andalusite
Apatite	Aragonite	Arsenic	Arsenopyrite	Autunite	Axinite	Baotite	Baryte	Bastnäsite	Beryl
Bismutite	Bournonite	Brannerite	Brochantite	Brookite	Calcite	Cancrinite-sodalite	Carpholite	Chabazite	Chalcanthite
Chalcophyllite	Chalcopyrite	Chalcostibite	Chlorite	Chloritoid	Clay	Clinozoisite	Columbite	Copiapite	Copper
Corundum	Covellite	Crichtonite	Cristobalite	Cubanite	Cyanotrichite	Danburite	Descloizite	Diaspore	Dumortierite
Epidote	Epsomite	Feldspar	Fluorite	Gadolinite	Garnet	Geocronite	Gismondine	Gypsum	Halotrichite
Harmotome	Heulandite	Hexahydrite	Humboldtine	Humite	Hydrotalcite	Ilvaite	Kaolinite	Kieserite	Kobellite
Lillianite	Linarite	Malachite	Marcasite	Melanterite	Meneghinite	Mica	Milarite	Millerite	Mixite
Molybdenite	Monazite	Mordenite	Natrolite	Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group	Olivine	Owyheeite	Oxalate
Palygorskite	Pentlandite	Pharmacosiderite	Phenakite	Phosphuranylite	Picromerite	Polybasite	Prehnite	Pumpellyite	Pyrite
Pyrochlore	Pyrophyllite	Pyroxene	Quartz	Rhodonite	Rocksalt	Rutile	Sartorite	Scapolite	Scheelite
Serpentine	Smectite-vermiculite	Sodalite	Sphalerite	Spinel	Starkeyite	Staurolite	Stibnite	Stilbite	Stilpnomelane
Sulphur	Talc	Tapiolite	Tetrahedrite	Thomsonite	Titanite	Tourmaline	Tyrolite	Valleriite	Vesuvianite
Vivianite	Wagnerite	Wollastonite	Wurtzite	Zircon

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Be Bi C Ca Cd Ce Cl Co Cr Cu Dy F Fe H Hg K La Li Mg Mn Mo N Na Nb Nd Ni O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Sr Ta Te Th Ti U V W Y Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Acanthite Adelite Aeschynite Allanite Allophane Alunite Amorphous Amphibole Analcime Andalusite
Apatite Aragonite Arsenic Arsenopyrite Autunite Axinite Baotite Baryte Bastnäsite Beryl
Bismutite Bournonite Brannerite Brochantite Brookite Calcite Cancrinite-sodalite Carpholite Chabazite Chalcanthite
Chalcophyllite Chalcopyrite Chalcostibite Chlorite Chloritoid Clay Clinozoisite Columbite Copiapite Copper
Corundum Covellite Crichtonite Cristobalite Cubanite Cyanotrichite Danburite Descloizite Diaspore Dumortierite
Epidote Epsomite Feldspar Fluorite Gadolinite Garnet Geocronite Gismondine Gypsum Halotrichite
Harmotome Heulandite Hexahydrite Humboldtine Humite Hydrotalcite Ilvaite Kaolinite Kieserite Kobellite
Lillianite Linarite Malachite Marcasite Melanterite Meneghinite Mica Milarite Millerite Mixite
Molybdenite Monazite Mordenite Natrolite Nickeline None Not in a structural group Olivine Owyheeite Oxalate
Palygorskite Pentlandite Pharmacosiderite Phenakite Phosphuranylite Picromerite Polybasite Prehnite Pumpellyite Pyrite
Pyrochlore Pyrophyllite Pyroxene Quartz Rhodonite Rocksalt Rutile Sartorite Scapolite Scheelite
Serpentine Smectite-vermiculite Sodalite Sphalerite Spinel Starkeyite Staurolite Stibnite Stilbite Stilpnomelane
Sulphur Talc Tapiolite Tetrahedrite Thomsonite Titanite Tourmaline Tyrolite Valleriite Vesuvianite
Vivianite Wagnerite Wollastonite Wurtzite Zircon

319 IMA Minerals at location:

Acanthite ()*	Actinolite ()*	Aegirine ()*	Aeschynite-(Y) ()*	Agardite-(Y) ()*
Albite ()*	Allanite-(Ce) ()*	Almandine ()*	Alunogen ()*	Analcime ()*
Anatase ()*	Andalusite ()*	Andradite ()*	Anglesite ()*	Anhydrite ()*
Ankerite ()*	Anorthite ()*	Anthophyllite ()*	Antigorite ()*	Antimony ()*
Antlerite ()*	Aragonite ()*	Armenite ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*	Asbecasite ()*
Aschamalmite ()*	Augite ()*	Aurichalcite ()*	Autunite ()*	Axinite-(Fe) ()*
Azurite ()*	Babingtonite ()*	Baotite ()*	Baryte ()*	Bastnäsite-(Ce) ()*
Bavenite ()*	Bayldonite ()*	Beaverite-(Cu) ()*	Benleonardite ()*	Bergslagite ()*
Bertrandite ()*	Beryl ()*	Beudantite ()*	Beyerite ()*	Bismite ()*
Bismuth ()*	Bismuthinite ()*	Bismutite ()*	Bornite ()*	Bournonite ()*
Brannerite ()*	Brochantite ()*	Brookite ()*	Bustamite ()*	Cafarsite ()*
Calcite ()*	Cannonite ()*	Carbonatecyanotrichite ()*	Cassiterite ()*	Celestine ()*
Celsian ()*	Cerianite-(Ce) ()*	Cerussite ()*	Cervandonite-(Ce) ()*	Chabazite-Ca ()*
Chabazite-Na ()*	Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcophyllite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*
Chamosite ()*	Cheralite ()*	Chernovite-(Y) ()*	Chloritoid ()*	Chromite ()*
Chrysoberyl ()*	Chrysocolla ()*	Chrysotile ()*	Cinnabar ()*	Clinochlore ()*
Fergusonite-(Y)-β ()*	Clinozoisite ()*	Columbite-(Mn) ()*	Copiapite ()*	Copper ()*
Cordierite ()*	Cornubite ()*	Corundum ()*	Cosalite ()*	Covellite ()*
Crichtonite ()*	Cristobalite ()*	Cubanite ()*	Cummingtonite ()*	Cuprite ()*
Cyanotrichite ()*	Datolite ()*	Descloizite ()*	Dessauite-(Y) ()*	Deveroite-(Ce) ()*
Dickite ()*	Diopside ()*	Djurleite ()*	Dolomite ()*	Dravite ()*
Dufrénoysite ()*	Duftite ()*	Dumortierite ()*	Elbaite ()*	Emplectite ()*
Enstatite ()*	Epidote ()*	Epistilbite ()*	Epsomite ()*	Euxenite-(Y) ()*
Ferberite ()*	Fergusonite-(Y) ()*	Ferrimolybdite ()*	Ferrocarpholite ()*	Ferrowodginite ()*
Fersmite ()*	Fetiasite ()*	Fluorapatite ()*	Fluorite ()*	Fluorophlogopite ()*
Forsterite ()*	Freibergite ()*	Gadolinite-(Y) ()*	Gahnite ()*	Galena ()*
Galenobismutite ()*	Gasparite-(Ce) ()*	Gismondine ()*	Glaucophane ()*	Goethite ()*
Gold ()*	Gorceixite ()*	Goudeyite ()*	Goyazite ()*	Gramaccioliite-(Y) ()*
Graphite ()*	Greenockite ()*	Grossular ()*	Gypsum ()*	Halotrichite ()*
Hedenbergite ()*	Helvine ()*	Hematite ()*	Hemimorphite ()*	Hercynite ()*
Hessite ()*	Heulandite-Ca ()*	Hexahydrite ()*	Heyrovskýite ()*	Hingganite-(Y) ()*
Hübnerite ()*	Humboldtine ()*	Huttonite ()*	Hydrokenoelsmoreite ()*	Hydrokenoralstonite ()*
Hydromagnesite ()*	Hydroxylapatite ()*	Hydroxylclinohumite ()*	Hydrozincite ()*	Ilmenite ()*
Ilvaite ()*	Jarosite ()*	Jimthompsonite ()*	Jordanite ()*	Kainosite-(Y) ()*
Kaolinite ()*	Kasolite ()*	Kyanite ()*	Laumontite ()*	Linarite ()*
Lindbergite ()*	Linnaeite ()*	Lizardite ()*	Mackinawite ()*	Magnesio-hornblende ()*
Magnesiochromite ()*	Magnesite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Malachite ()*	Malayaite ()*
Marcasite ()*	Marchettiite ()*	Margarite ()*	Meionite ()*	Melanterite ()*
Meliphanite ()*	Meneghinite ()*	Mesolite ()*	Metatorbernite ()*	Meymacite ()*
Microcline ()*	Milarite ()*	Millerite ()*	Mimetite ()*	Molybdenite ()*
Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Monazite-(Nd) ()*	Monticellite ()*	Montmorillonite ()*	Moolooite ()*
Morenosite ()*	Mottramite ()*	Muscovite ()*	Natrolite ()*	Nesquehonite ()*
Nontronite ()*	Olivenite ()*	Omphacite ()*	Opal ()*	Orthoclase ()*
Owyheeite ()*	Oxy-dravite ()*	Palygorskite ()*	Paracelsian ()*	Paragonite ()*
Paraniite-(Y) ()*	Uranophane-β ()*	Pargasite ()*	Pentlandite ()*	Periclase ()*
Pharmacosiderite ()*	Phenakite ()*	Phillipsite-Ca ()*	Phlogopite ()*	Phosphuranylite ()*
Pickeringite ()*	Picromerite ()*	Polycrase-(Y) ()*	Powellite ()*	Prehnite ()*
Proustite ()*	Pumpellyite-(Mg) ()*	Pyrargyrite ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyromorphite ()*
Pyrope ()*	Pyrophyllite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Realgar ()*
Reevesite ()*	Roggianite ()*	Rosasite ()*	Rozenite ()*	Rutile ()*
Saléeite ()*	Samarskite-(Y) ()*	Saponite ()*	Scheelite ()*	Schorl ()*
Scolecite ()*	Scorodite ()*	Senaite ()*	Siderite ()*	Siderotil ()*
Sillimanite ()*	Silver ()*	Smythite ()*	Spessartine ()*	Sphalerite ()*
Spinel ()*	Staurolite ()*	Stellerite ()*	Stibnite ()*	Stilbite-Ca ()*
Stilbite-Na ()*	Stilpnomelane ()*	Stolzite ()*	Strashimirite ()*	Sulphur ()*
Svanbergite ()*	Synchysite-(Ce) ()*	Synchysite-(Y) ()*	Szomolnokite ()*	Talc ()*
Tantalite-(Fe) ()*	Tantalite-(Mn) ()*	Tanteuxenite-(Y) ()*	Tapiolite-(Fe) ()*	Taramellite ()*
Tellurium ()*	Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tenorite ()*	Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Thomsonite-Ca ()*
Thorite ()*	Tilasite ()*	Tinnunculite ()*	Titanite ()*	Torbernite ()*
Tremolite ()*	Troilite ()*	Tungstenite ()*	Tyrolite ()*	Uraninite ()*
Uranophane-α ()*	Uranopolycrase ()*	Uranospathite ()*	Valleriite ()*	Vanadinite ()*
Vesuvianite ()*	Vigezzite ()*	Vivianite ()*	Wagnerite ()*	Wenkite ()*
Whewellite ()*	Witherite ()*	Wollastonite ()*	Wulfenite ()*	Wurtzite ()*
Xenotime-(Y) ()*	Zeunerite ()*	Zircon ()*	Zoisite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite ()*	Acanthite	Ag₂S			3	71074,71106,71139	2793
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	36	30	20	71021,71022,71023,71026,71028,71046,71050,71082,71090,71102,71108,71119,71130,71165,71169,71178,71179,71188,71189,71190	3419
Aegirine ()*	Pyroxene	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆			1	71119	1022
Aeschynite-(Y) ()*	Aeschynite	(Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)₂(O,OH)₆	0	0	6	71021,71023,71065,71083,71185,71194	141
Agardite-(Y) ()*	Mixite	YCu²⁺₆(AsO₄)₃(OH)₆·3H₂O	0	0	1	71023	90
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	36	30	53	71004,71007,71008,71012,71017,71019,71021,71022,71023,71025,71027,71029,71033,71037,71038,71039,71043,71046,71048,71050,71065,71074,71077,71080,71082,71088,71090,71091,71095,71099,71101,71102,71105,71106,71107,71108,71113,71120,71121,71126,71132,71149,71155,71156,71160,71165,71180,71185,71188,71189,71190,71192,71194	8803
Allanite-(Ce) ()*	Allanite Epidote	CaCe(Al₂Fe²⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	36	30	15	71004,71021,71038,71065,71083,71113,71114,71165,71180,71185,71188,71189,71190,71192,71194	706
Almandine ()*	Garnet	Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	0	0	14	71021,71025,71029,71048,71078,71090,71091,71107,71130,71132,71141,71149,71156,71159	2353
Alunogen ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂(SO₄)₃(H₂O)₁₂·5H₂O			1	71143	272
Analcime ()*	Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆)·H₂O	36	30	2	71046,71188	1627
Anatase ()*	Not in a structural group	TiO₂	0	0	42	71004,71010,71012,71017,71018,71019,71021,71023,71025,71027,71028,71031,71033,71037,71038,71039,71041,71042,71065,71066,71074,71077,71083,71084,71088,71090,71091,71093,71094,71100,71102,71104,71107,71108,71112,71113,71116,71121,71128,71130,71140,71194	2162
Andalusite ()*	Andalusite	Al₂SiO₅			1	71121	1310
Andradite ()*	Garnet	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	0	0	6	71021,71026,71028,71046,71141,71165	1534
Anglesite ()*	Baryte	Pb(SO₄)	36	30	9	71003,71017,71021,71023,71106,71115,71139,71165,71188	2734
Anhydrite ()*	Not in a structural group	Ca(SO₄)	0	0	7	71021,71023,71025,71039,71074,71080,71103	1588
Ankerite ()*	None	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂	0	0	12	71021,71039,71060,71083,71088,71089,71101,71102,71105,71107,71108,71109	3092
Anorthite ()*	Feldspar	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)			3	71063,71132,71141	1036
Anthophyllite ()*	Amphibole	Mg₂Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂			3	71006,71050,71141	718
Antigorite ()*	Serpentine Clay	Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄	0	0	7	71001,71021,71023,71026,71028,71030,71072	708
Antimony ()*	Arsenic	Sb			1	71194	363
Antlerite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu²⁺₃(SO₄)(OH)₄	0	0	2	71021,71023	246
Aragonite ()*	Aragonite	Ca(CO₃)	36	30	9	71003,71021,71060,71083,71084,71090,71105,71132,71188	3250
Armenite ()*	Milarite	BaCa₂(Al₆Si₉)O₃₀·2H₂O			1	71119	23
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	0	0	18	71002,71003,71017,71021,71037,71053,71060,71061,71063,71065,71106,71121,71143,71149,71156,71165,71191,71194	9052
Asbecasite ()*	Not in a structural group	Ca₃TiAs₆Be₂Si₂O₂₀	0	0	2	71021,71023	8
Aschamalmite ()*	Lillianite	Pb_6-3xBi_2+xS₉			1	71173	16
Augite ()*	Pyroxene	(Ca,Mg,Fe)₂Si₂O₆			3	71048,71141,71145	2060
Aurichalcite ()*	None	(Zn,Cu)₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆			1	71074	919
Autunite ()*	Autunite	Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·10-12H₂O	0	0	12	71021,71025,71050,71129,71149,71153,71156,71162,71176,71180,71191,71194	1272
Axinite-(Fe) ()*	Axinite	Ca₄Fe²⁺₂Al₄[B₂Si₈O₃₀](OH)₂			2	71065,71147	260
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	0	0	6	71017,71021,71025,71074,71106,71126	5509
Babingtonite ()*	Rhodonite	Ca₂Fe²⁺Fe³⁺Si₅O₁₄(OH)			1	71005	161
Baotite ()*	Baotite	Ba₄(Ti,Nb,W)₈O₁₆(SiO₃)₄Cl			1	71074	27
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	0	0	8	71017,71021,71074,71106,71113,71119,71132,71133	11547
Bastnäsite-(Ce) ()*	Bastnäsite	Ce(CO₃)F			2	71083,71114	304
Bavenite ()*	None	Ca₄Be_2+xAl_2-xSi₉O_26-x(OH)_2+x (x = 0 to 1)	56	30	17	71001,71065,71066,71120,71149,71150,71153,71156,71161,71162,71165,71180,71185,71188,71190,71191,71194	255
Bayldonite ()*	None	Cu₃PbO(AsO₃OH)₂(OH)₂	0	0	1	71021	172
Beaverite-(Cu) ()*	Alunite	Pb(Fe³⁺₂Cu)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	0	0	1	71021	132
Benleonardite ()*	Polybasite	Ag₁₅Cu(Sb,As)₂S₇Te₄	56	0	1	71017	20
Bergslagite ()*	Gadolinite	CaBe(AsO₄)(OH)	0	0	1	71021	9
Bertrandite ()*	Not in a structural group	Be₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂	36	30	15	71021,71033,71065,71128,71149,71151,71156,71161,71162,71165,71166,71188,71189,71192,71194	606
Beryl ()*	Beryl	Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈	36	30	27	71003,71019,71021,71023,71025,71050,71065,71074,71087,71120,71128,71129,71134,71149,71150,71153,71156,71160,71161,71165,71176,71185,71188,71189,71190,71191,71194	4286
Beudantite ()*	Alunite	PbFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆			1	71139	413
Beyerite ()*	Bismutite	CaBi₂O₂(CO₃)₂			2	71156,71185	96
Bismite ()*	None	Bi₂O₃			1	71185	214
Bismuth ()*	Arsenic	Bi			4	71060,71063,71065,71194	1966
Bismuthinite ()*	Stibnite	Bi₂S₃	0	0	11	71002,71003,71021,71023,71025,71065,71066,71153,71156,71185,71194	1935
Bismutite ()*	Bismutite	Bi₂O₂(CO₃)	0	0	4	71003,71021,71023,71025	716
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	0	0	7	71003,71021,71065,71105,71106,71132,71141	5516
Bournonite ()*	Bournonite	CuPbSbS₃	56	0	1	71017	1089
Brannerite ()*	Brannerite	UTi₂O₆			1	71094	248
Brochantite ()*	Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆	0	0	4	71021,71023,71028,71030	1633
Brookite ()*	Brookite	TiO₂	0	0	21	71010,71012,71018,71021,71027,71037,71038,71040,71065,71066,71074,71083,71091,71093,71094,71100,71104,71107,71108,71113,71194	700
Bustamite ()*	Wollastonite	Mn₂Ca₂MnCa(Si₃O₉)₂	56	0	1	71028	101
Cafarsite ()*	None	(Ca,Na, )₁₉Ti₈Fe³⁺₄Fe²⁺₄(AsO₃)₂₈F	0	0	2	71021,71023	7
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	36	30	58	71002,71003,71004,71007,71009,71012,71016,71017,71019,71021,71022,71025,71030,71034,71037,71038,71039,71040,71041,71042,71046,71048,71060,71065,71068,71069,71074,71080,71082,71083,71084,71090,71092,71095,71096,71097,71099,71105,71106,71107,71108,71110,71113,71114,71115,71119,71121,71122,71126,71128,71132,71133,71140,71165,71182,71188,71190,71194	27770
Cannonite ()*	None	Bi₂O(SO₄)(OH)₂			1	71003	26
Carbonatecyanotrichite ()*	Cyanotrichite	Cu₄Al₂(CO₃)(OH)₁₂·2H₂O	0	0	1	71021	88
Cassiterite ()*	Rutile	SnO₂	36	30	2	71165,71188	5171
Celestine ()*	Baryte	Sr(SO₄)			1	71080	1252
Celsian ()*	Feldspar	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)			2	71080,71119	100
Cerianite-(Ce) ()*	Fluorite	CeO₂	0	0	2	71021,71194	94
Cerussite ()*	Aragonite	Pb(CO₃)	36	30	11	71017,71021,71023,71065,71074,71106,71115,71139,71165,71173,71188	4979
Cervandonite-(Ce) ()*	None	(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe³⁺,Ti,Fe²⁺,Al)₃O₂(Si₂O₇)_1-x+y(AsO₃)_1+x-y(OH)_3x-3y	0	0	2	71021,71023	3
Chabazite-Ca ()*	Chabazite	Ca₂[Al₄Si₈O₂₄]·13H₂O	36	30	6	71021,71025,71039,71065,71113,71188	310
Chabazite-Na ()*	Chabazite	(Na₃K)[Al₄Si₈O₂₄]·11H₂O			1	71165	66
Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcanthite	Cu(SO₄)·5H₂O			4	71046,71126,71132,71143	925
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	56	0	6	71015,71088,71107,71124,71125,71126	5707
Chalcophyllite ()*	Chalcophyllite	Cu₁₈Al₂(AsO₄)₄(SO₄)₃(OH)₂₄·36H₂O	0	0	1	71021	194
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	0	0	26	71002,71003,71017,71019,71021,71025,71030,71037,71046,71060,71061,71063,71065,71070,71074,71119,71121,71122,71125,71126,71131,71132,71135,71143,71169,71194	27198
Chamosite ()*	Chlorite Clay	(Fe²⁺,Mg,Al,Fe³⁺)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH,O)₈	0	0	2	71021,71033	577
Cheralite ()*	Monazite	CaTh(PO₄)₂	36	30	1	71189	50
Chernovite-(Y) ()*	Zircon	Y(AsO₄)	0	0	2	71021,71023	46
Chloritoid ()*	Chloritoid	Fe²⁺Al₂O(SiO₄)(OH)₂			2	71078,71079	376
Chromite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Cr₂O₄			1	71048	3902
Chrysoberyl ()*	Olivine	BeAl₂O₄	36	30	5	71050,71134,71147,71165,71188	321
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O	0	0	6	71003,71021,71023,71105,71106,71126	3531
Chrysotile ()*	Serpentine Clay	Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄	56	0	2	71028,71072	951
Cinnabar ()*	None	HgS			1	71063	2600
Clinochlore ()*	Chlorite Clay	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	36	30	24	71008,71010,71012,71018,71021,71025,71026,71028,71031,71037,71046,71050,71083,71084,71088,71091,71100,71101,71113,71165,71188,71189,71190,71192	1756
Fergusonite-(Y)-β ()*	None	YNbO₄	0	0	2	71021,71185	17
Clinozoisite ()*	Clinozoisite Epidote	Ca₂Al₃[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	36	30	11	71021,71028,71065,71090,71141,71165,71169,71188,71190,71191,71194	1025
Columbite-(Mn) ()*	Columbite	Mn²⁺Nb₂O₆	36	30	3	71165,71188,71189	289
Copiapite ()*	Copiapite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₄(SO₄)₆(OH)₂·20H₂O			3	71141,71143,71145	382
Copper ()*	Copper	Cu	0	0	6	71021,71028,71030,71132,71141,71145	3846
Cordierite ()*	Beryl	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈			2	71119,71121	1008
Cornubite ()*	None	Cu₅(AsO₄)₂(OH)₄	0	0	1	71021	109
Corundum ()*	Corundum	Al₂O₃			4	71009,71074,71121,71167	1797
Cosalite ()*	None	Pb₂Bi₂S₅			6	71002,71003,71008,71065,71080,71194	344
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS			2	71074,71143	4165
Crichtonite ()*	Crichtonite	Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe₂(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)₁₈(O,OH)₃₈	0	0	2	71021,71094	27
Cristobalite ()*	Cristobalite	SiO₂			1	71063	453
Cubanite ()*	Cubanite Wurtzite	CuFe₂S₃			2	71074,71132	802
Cummingtonite ()*	Amphibole	Mg₂Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂			2	71050,71135	327
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O	0	0	3	71021,71028,71030	2970
Cyanotrichite ()*	Cyanotrichite	Cu₄Al₂(SO₄)(OH)₁₂(H₂O)₂	0	0	2	71021,71023	179
Datolite ()*	Gadolinite	CaB(SiO₄)(OH)	0	0	4	71021,71065,71066,71194	498
Descloizite ()*	Descloizite	PbZn(VO₄)(OH)			1	71139	378
Dessauite-(Y) ()*	Crichtonite	Sr(Y,U,Mn)Fe₂(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)₁₈(O,OH)₃₈			1	71083	9
Deveroite-(Ce) ()*	Oxalate	Ce₂(C₂O₄)₃·10H₂O	0	0	1	71021	2
Dickite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄			4	71074,71092,71105,71106	651
Diopside ()*	Pyroxene	CaMgSi₂O₆	36	30	9	71021,71022,71046,71119,71132,71133,71169,71179,71190	4135
Djurleite ()*	None	Cu₃₁S₁₆	56	0	2	71028,71030	300
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	36	30	23	71002,71003,71009,71012,71017,71021,71037,71039,71060,71068,71074,71080,71090,71092,71098,71099,71106,71107,71108,71109,71115,71121,71188	9895
Dravite ()*	Tourmaline	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	36	30	16	71009,71014,71050,71065,71074,71087,71090,71092,71098,71100,71105,71106,71134,71169,71188,71194	648
Dufrénoysite ()*	Sartorite	Pb₂As₂S₅			1	71106	34
Duftite ()*	Adelite	PbCu(AsO₄)(OH)	0	0	2	71021,71023	220
Dumortierite ()*	Dumortierite	AlAl₆BSi₃O₁₈			5	71125,71134,71141,71142,71144	231
Elbaite ()*	Tourmaline	Na(Al_1.5Li_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)			1	71157	520
Emplectite ()*	Chalcostibite	CuBiS₂			1	71060	246
Enstatite ()*	Pyroxene	Mg₂Si₂O₆			2	71069,71072	944
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	36	30	38	71004,71005,71008,71021,71022,71023,71025,71034,71038,71039,71040,71041,71042,71043,71046,71065,71066,71078,71082,71095,71096,71097,71108,71113,71114,71119,71125,71126,71132,71133,71141,71165,71169,71179,71182,71188,71190,71194	8173
Epistilbite ()*	Mordenite	Ca₃[Si₁₈Al₆O₄₈]·16H₂O			4	71039,71040,71041,71155	138
Epsomite ()*	Epsomite	Mg(SO₄)·7H₂O			1	71046	484
Euxenite-(Y) ()*	Columbite	Y(NbTi)O₆			7	71149,71153,71156,71165,71182,71185,71191	414
Ferberite ()*	Columbite	Fe²⁺(WO₄)			1	71140	551
Fergusonite-(Y) ()*	Scheelite	YNbO₄			2	71156,71191	196
Ferrimolybdite ()*	None	Fe³⁺₂(Mo⁶⁺O₄)₃·7H₂O			1	71010	345
Ferrocarpholite ()*	Carpholite	Fe²⁺Al₂Si₂O₆(OH)₄			1	71129	25
Ferrowodginite ()*	Columbite	Fe²⁺Sn⁴⁺Ta₂O₈	36	30	2	71165,71188	16
Fersmite ()*	Columbite	CaNb₂O₆	36	30	6	71156,71165,71188,71190,71191,71192	83
Fetiasite ()*	None	(Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Ti⁴⁺)₃O₂As³⁺₂O₅	0	0	1	71021	3
Fluorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F	0	0	14	71012,71021,71028,71033,71034,71039,71065,71089,71097,71108,71112,71121,71165,71185	2740
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂	36	30	17	71004,71019,71021,71025,71039,71065,71066,71074,71095,71106,71121,71128,71130,71165,71185,71190,71194	9617
Fluorophlogopite ()*	Mica	KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂			1	71173	47
Forsterite ()*	Olivine	Mg₂(SiO₄)	56	0	4	71026,71050,71072,71119	1188
Freibergite ()*	Tetrahedrite	Ag₆[Cu₄Fe₂]Sb₄S₁₂			1	71063	663
Gadolinite-(Y) ()*	Gadolinite	Y₂Fe²⁺Be₂O₂(SiO₄)₂	0	0	10	71021,71028,71065,71083,71094,71121,71157,71180,71185,71194	163
Gahnite ()*	Spinel	ZnAl₂O₄			4	71132,71141,71147,71149	445
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	36	30	27	71002,71003,71004,71017,71021,71023,71060,71063,71065,71069,71074,71092,71106,71107,71109,71111,71115,71121,71132,71139,71140,71162,71165,71173,71188,71190,71194	24243
Galenobismutite ()*	Kobellite	PbBi₂S₄			1	71162	192
Gasparite-(Ce) ()*	Monazite	Ce(AsO₄)	0	0	2	71021,71023	23
Gismondine ()*	Gismondine	Ca₂(Si₄Al₄)O₁₆·8H₂O	36	30	2	71165,71188	128
Glaucophane ()*	Amphibole	Na₂(Mg₃Al₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂			1	71048	286
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	0	0	6	71003,71021,71025,71133,71165,71185	7437
Gold ()*	Copper	Au	0	0	9	71002,71003,71021,71059,71060,71061,71063,71140,71195	30554
Gorceixite ()*	Alunite	BaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆			1	71074	121
Goudeyite ()*	Mixite	Cu₆Al(AsO₄)₃(OH)₆·3H₂O	0	0	2	71021,71023	19
Goyazite ()*	Alunite	SrAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆			1	71080	173
Gramaccioliite-(Y) ()*	Crichtonite	(Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe³⁺₂(Ti,Fe³⁺)₁₈O₃₈	0	0	3	71021,71083,71114	9
Graphite ()*	None	C			12	71014,71060,71074,71092,71105,71106,71118,71122,71125,71132,71133,71143	2812
Greenockite ()*	Wurtzite	CdS	56	0	1	71017	717
Grossular ()*	Garnet	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	0	0	5	71021,71046,71141,71155,71165	1544
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	0	0	8	71017,71021,71046,71080,71103,71132,71143,71194	6890
Halotrichite ()*	Halotrichite	Fe²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄·22H₂O			1	71132	409
Hedenbergite ()*	Pyroxene	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆			1	71074	741
Helvine ()*	Sodalite Cancrinite-sodalite	Be₃Mn²⁺₄(SiO₄)₃S			1	71065	237
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	0	0	33	71002,71008,71010,71014,71017,71018,71019,71021,71023,71025,71027,71028,71038,71039,71040,71074,71077,71083,71084,71090,71094,71101,71102,71108,71109,71111,71112,71113,71114,71126,71128,71182,71185	14640
Hemimorphite ()*	Not in a structural group	Zn₄(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂·H₂O			3	71074,71106,71139	1689
Hercynite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄			2	71141,71145	407
Hessite ()*	None	Ag₂Te	56	0	1	71017	804
Heulandite-Ca ()*	Heulandite	(Ca,Na,K)₅(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂·26H₂O			4	71039,71065,71113,71141	246
Hexahydrite ()*	Hexahydrite	Mg(SO₄)·6H₂O			1	71046	251
Heyrovskýite ()*	Lillianite	Pb₆Bi₂S₉			1	71173	66
Hingganite-(Y) ()*	Gadolinite	BeY(SiO₄)(OH)			2	71083,71114	55
Hübnerite ()*	Columbite	Mn²⁺(WO₄)			1	71134	469
Humboldtine ()*	Humboldtine Oxalate	Fe²⁺(C₂O₄)·2H₂O	0	0	1	71021	27
Huttonite ()*	Monazite	Th(SiO₄)			1	71185	37
Hydrokenoelsmoreite ()*	Pyrochlore	₂W₂O₆(H₂O)			1	71162	57
Hydrokenoralstonite ()*	Pyrochlore	₂Al₂F₆(H₂O)	0	0	1	71021	56
Hydromagnesite ()*	None	Mg₅(CO₃)₄(OH)₂·4H₂O			1	71169	341
Hydroxylapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃OH	56	0	6	71008,71015,71028,71065,71156,71165	367
Hydroxylclinohumite ()*	Humite	Mg₉(SiO₄)₄(OH)₂			1	71141	16
Hydrozincite ()*	None	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆			5	71033,71060,71074,71104,71106	1066
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃	0	0	17	71004,71012,71021,71028,71030,71037,71065,71090,71091,71108,71125,71126,71142,71144,71156,71185,71194	5433
Ilvaite ()*	Ilvaite	CaFe³⁺Fe²⁺₂O(Si₂O₇)(OH)	56	0	1	71028	197
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	0	0	5	71021,71039,71139,71161,71162	2228
Jimthompsonite ()*	None	Mg₅Si₆O₁₆(OH)₂			1	71050	10
Jordanite ()*	Geocronite	Pb₁₄As₆S₂₃	56	0	2	71017,71106	105
Kainosite-(Y) ()*	None	Ca₂Y₂(SiO₃)₄(CO₃)·H₂O			1	71128	99
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄			5	71039,71065,71104,71132,71191	5591
Kasolite ()*	None	Pb(UO₂)(SiO₄)·H₂O			1	71050	198
Kyanite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂OSiO₄	0	0	18	71014,71020,71021,71029,71058,71065,71074,71078,71083,71090,71100,71105,71107,71109,71129,71130,71182,71184	1507
Laumontite ()*	Not in a structural group	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂·4H₂O	0	0	17	71004,71021,71039,71046,71065,71066,71076,71095,71113,71121,71141,71149,71153,71155,71156,71191,71194	1271
Linarite ()*	Linarite	CuPb(SO₄)(OH)₂	0	0	2	71021,71023	987
Lindbergite ()*	Humboldtine Oxalate	Mn(C₂O₄)·2H₂O	0	0	1	71021	12
Linnaeite ()*	Spinel	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂S₄			1	71063	249
Lizardite ()*	Serpentine Clay	Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄	0	0	1	71021	359
Mackinawite ()*	None	(Fe,Ni)_1+xS (x = 0-0.07)			2	71132,71143	451
Magnesio-hornblende ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂	56	0	2	71028,71113	238
Magnesiochromite ()*	Spinel	MgCr₂O₄	56	0	1	71028	311
Magnesite ()*	Calcite	Mg(CO₃)	0	0	6	71003,71021,71023,71028,71060,71080	1487
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	0	0	21	71010,71019,71021,71023,71025,71026,71027,71028,71038,71039,71043,71046,71082,71083,71113,71119,71122,71126,71143,71178,71185	14899
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	0	0	14	71017,71019,71021,71023,71028,71030,71046,71061,71070,71074,71106,71121,71126,71132	12537
Malayaite ()*	Titanite	CaSnO(SiO₄)			1	71165	40
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂	0	0	10	71003,71021,71037,71039,71063,71065,71074,71105,71143,71194	5674
Marchettiite ()*	None	C₅H₇N₅O₃	0	0	1	71024	1
Margarite ()*	Mica Clay	CaAl₂Si₂Al₂O₁₀(OH)₂	36	30	4	71021,71165,71188,71190	168
Meionite ()*	Scapolite	Ca₄Al₆Si₆O₂₄(CO₃)			4	71074,71132,71141,71173	176
Melanterite ()*	Melanterite	Fe(SO₄)·7H₂O			2	71003,71143	915
Meliphanite ()*	None	Ca₄(Na,Ca)₄Be₄AlSi₇O₂₄(F,O)₄	36	30	2	71165,71188	44
Meneghinite ()*	Meneghinite	Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄	56	0	2	71017,71063	158
Mesolite ()*	Natrolite	Na₂Ca₂(Si₉Al₆)O₃₀·8H₂O	0	0	2	71021,71028	425
Metatorbernite ()*	None	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·8H₂O	0	0	5	71021,71025,71083,71121,71149	443
Meymacite ()*	None	WO₃·2H₂O			1	71140	10
Microcline ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)	36	30	8	71044,71100,71121,71126,71165,71188,71190,71191	4924
Milarite ()*	Milarite	KCa₂(Be₂AlSi₁₂)O₃₀·H₂O	36	30	4	71021,71165,71188,71194	156
Millerite ()*	Millerite	NiS			1	71155	1066
Mimetite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl	0	0	3	71021,71023,71106	1107
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂	36	30	14	71002,71003,71010,71019,71021,71039,71065,71077,71080,71121,71143,71173,71188,71194	5800
Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Monazite	Ce(PO₄)	36	30	20	71021,71023,71025,71027,71050,71065,71077,71083,71107,71108,71114,71125,71128,71134,71142,71144,71185,71189,71191,71194	945
Monazite-(Nd) ()*	Monazite	Nd(PO₄)			1	71114	26
Monticellite ()*	Olivine	CaMg(SiO₄)			1	71141	153
Montmorillonite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	(Na,Ca)_0.3(Al,Mg)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O	36	30	4	71021,71165,71188,71190	1508
Moolooite ()*	Oxalate	Cu(C₂O₄)·nH₂O	0	0	1	71021	11
Morenosite ()*	Epsomite	Ni(SO₄)·7H₂O			1	71143	84
Mottramite ()*	Descloizite	PbCu(VO₄)(OH)	0	0	2	71021,71023	362
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	36	30	61	71004,71008,71012,71014,71016,71017,71019,71021,71023,71025,71027,71029,71034,71037,71038,71039,71040,71041,71042,71050,71058,71060,71065,71074,71077,71082,71083,71084,71088,71090,71095,71096,71097,71100,71101,71102,71105,71106,71107,71108,71109,71110,71114,71120,71121,71130,71131,71133,71134,71147,71149,71150,71161,71165,71182,71185,71188,71189,71190,71191,71194	17380
Natrolite ()*	Natrolite	Na₂(Si₃Al₂)O₁₀·2H₂O	56	0	3	71028,71046,71080	1236
Nesquehonite ()*	None	Mg(CO₃)·3H₂O			1	71046	80
Nontronite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	Na_0.3Fe³⁺₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O	0	0	1	71021	471
Olivenite ()*	Andalusite	Cu₂(AsO₄)(OH)	0	0	2	71021,71023	492
Omphacite ()*	Pyroxene	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al)Si₂O₆			1	71048	229
Opal ()*	Amorphous	SiO₂·nH₂O			12	71004,71005,71010,71039,71040,71050,71121,71125,71149,71153,71156,71191	2994
Orthoclase ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)			4	71050,71065,71121,71191	2349
Owyheeite ()*	Owyheeite	Ag₃Pb₁₀Sb₁₁S₂₈			1	71074	89
Oxy-dravite ()*	Tourmaline	Na(Al₂Mg)(Al₅Mg)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O	36	30	1	71188	24
Palygorskite ()*	Palygorskite Clay	(Mg,Al)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)·4H₂O	0	0	1	71021	306
Paracelsian ()*	Danburite	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)			1	71119	3
Paragonite ()*	Mica Clay	NaAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂			2	71048,71078	247
Paraniite-(Y) ()*	None	(Ca,Y,Dy)₂Y(WO₄)₂(AsO₄)	0	0	1	71021	4
Uranophane-β ()*	None	Ca(UO₂)₂(SiO₃OH)₂·5H₂O			1	71153	144
Pargasite ()*	Amphibole	NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂	0	0	1	71021	313
Pentlandite ()*	Pentlandite	(Ni,Fe)₉S₈	0	0	5	71021,71028,71122,71132,71141	1512
Periclase ()*	Rocksalt	MgO			1	71141	114
Pharmacosiderite ()*	Pharmacosiderite	KFe³⁺₄(AsO₄)₃(OH)₄·6-7H₂O	0	0	2	71021,71023	428
Phenakite ()*	Phenakite	Be₂(SiO₄)	0	0	4	71021,71065,71165,71194	326
Phillipsite-Ca ()*	Harmotome	Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂·12H₂O	36	30	1	71188	75
Phlogopite ()*	Mica Clay	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	36	30	18	71009,71017,71021,71028,71074,71080,71083,71092,71104,71106,71115,71119,71133,71141,71162,71188,71189,71190	2273
Phosphuranylite ()*	Phosphuranylite	KCa(H₃O)₃(UO₂)₇(PO₄)₄O₄·8H₂O			2	71050,71191	182
Pickeringite ()*	Halotrichite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄·22H₂O			3	71060,71132,71143	265
Picromerite ()*	Picromerite	K₂Mg(SO₄)₂·6H₂O			1	71050	44
Polycrase-(Y) ()*	Columbite	Y(Ti,Nb)₂(O,OH)₆			1	71185	121
Powellite ()*	Scheelite	Ca(MoO₄)			1	71010	494
Prehnite ()*	Prehnite	Ca₂Al(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	36	30	29	71004,71005,71008,71012,71021,71022,71025,71034,71038,71039,71040,71046,71065,71095,71096,71100,71108,71113,71121,71125,71132,71155,71156,71163,71165,71169,71188,71190,71194	1898
Proustite ()*	None	Ag₃AsS₃			1	71074	733
Pumpellyite-(Mg) ()*	Pumpellyite	Ca₂MgAl₂(Si₂O₇)(SiO₄)(OH)₂·H₂O	36	30	3	71165,71188,71190	106
Pyrargyrite ()*	None	Ag₃SbS₃			2	71060,71074	1425
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	36	30	58	71002,71003,71004,71008,71009,71010,71012,71016,71017,71019,71020,71021,71025,71027,71029,71037,71038,71039,71046,71060,71061,71065,71066,71070,71074,71077,71082,71083,71084,71090,71092,71099,71100,71104,71105,71106,71107,71108,71112,71113,71115,71119,71121,71122,71126,71128,71129,71133,71134,71143,71155,71161,71165,71173,71185,71188,71190,71194	39462
Pyromorphite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl			1	71139	1725
Pyrope ()*	Garnet	Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃			1	71050	341
Pyrophyllite ()*	Clay Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂			1	71156	771
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	0	0	23	71002,71010,71017,71021,71037,71060,71063,71065,71066,71074,71090,71107,71119,71121,71122,71126,71131,71132,71133,71135,71143,71173,71194	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	36	30	97	71002,71003,71004,71007,71008,71009,71010,71012,71014,71016,71017,71018,71019,71020,71021,71022,71023,71025,71027,71029,71033,71034,71036,71037,71038,71039,71040,71041,71042,71043,71048,71050,71057,71058,71060,71061,71065,71069,71074,71080,71082,71083,71084,71088,71090,71091,71092,71094,71095,71096,71097,71098,71099,71100,71101,71102,71104,71105,71106,71107,71108,71109,71111,71112,71113,71114,71115,71118,71119,71120,71121,71125,71128,71129,71130,71132,71133,71139,71142,71144,71149,71155,71156,71160,71161,71162,71165,71166,71175,71182,71184,71185,71188,71189,71190,71191,71194	61156
Realgar ()*	None	AsS			1	71106	712
Reevesite ()*	Hydrotalcite	Ni₆Fe³⁺₂(CO₃)(OH)₁₆·4H₂O			1	71155	48
Roggianite ()*	None	Ca₂BeAl₂Si₄O₁₃(OH)₂·nH₂O (n < 2.5)	36	30	3	71165,71188,71190	5
Rosasite ()*	Malachite	CuZn(CO₃)(OH)₂			1	71074	454
Rozenite ()*	Starkeyite	Fe²⁺(SO₄)·4H₂O			2	71083,71143	293
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂	0	0	59	71004,71008,71010,71012,71014,71016,71017,71018,71019,71020,71021,71023,71025,71027,71029,71031,71033,71034,71037,71039,71046,71048,71050,71060,71065,71074,71077,71080,71083,71084,71088,71090,71091,71092,71094,71098,71099,71100,71101,71102,71105,71106,71107,71108,71109,71111,71112,71113,71114,71119,71125,71128,71134,71142,71144,71156,71165,71182,71194	5614
Saléeite ()*	None	Mg(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂(H₂O)₁₀			1	71050	95
Samarskite-(Y) ()*	Columbite	YFe³⁺Nb₂O₈			2	71185,71191	353
Saponite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	(Ca,Na)_0.3(Mg,Fe)₃(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂·4H₂O	36	30	1	71188	301
Scheelite ()*	Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)	36	30	17	71021,71023,71028,71033,71050,71060,71065,71080,71121,71139,71140,71149,71162,71173,71175,71188,71194	4894
Schorl ()*	Tourmaline	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	36	30	17	71012,71014,71019,71021,71025,71065,71066,71080,71083,71084,71120,71131,71149,71159,71188,71190,71194	2705
Scolecite ()*	Natrolite	Ca(Si₃Al₂)O₁₀·3H₂O	0	0	19	71004,71021,71028,71033,71034,71038,71039,71040,71065,71095,71097,71100,71108,71113,71126,71132,71155,71165,71194	390
Scorodite ()*	None	Fe³⁺(AsO₄)·2H₂O	0	0	2	71021,71063	1153
Senaite ()*	Crichtonite	Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)₂(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)₁₈(O,OH)₃₈	0	0	2	71021,71094	28
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)	0	0	17	71002,71003,71021,71050,71060,71077,71080,71083,71099,71100,71101,71102,71105,71107,71111,71112,71114	6417
Siderotil ()*	Chalcanthite	Fe(SO₄)·5H₂O			1	71046	84
Sillimanite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂SiO₅			6	71118,71121,71125,71141,71142,71144	1516
Silver ()*	Copper	Ag			2	71074,71106	5186
Smythite ()*	None	(Fe,Ni)_3+xS₄ (x ≈ 0-0.3)			1	71105	77
Spessartine ()*	Garnet	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	36	30	5	71134,71185,71188,71189,71192	1214
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	0	0	18	71002,71003,71017,71021,71037,71060,71063,71065,71066,71074,71080,71083,71092,71105,71106,71132,71143,71194	21482
Spinel ()*	Spinel	MgAl₂O₄			6	71121,71132,71143,71149,71157,71160	1934
Staurolite ()*	Staurolite	Fe²⁺₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)	0	0	11	71014,71021,71029,71065,71078,71079,71100,71105,71116,71129,71159	978
Stellerite ()*	Stilbite	Ca₄(Si₂₈Al₈)O₇₂·28H₂O			1	71055	189
Stibnite ()*	Stibnite	Sb₂S₃			2	71080,71105	3418
Stilbite-Ca ()*	Stilbite	NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂·28H₂O	56	30	6	71018,71039,71110,71155,71182,71188	268
Stilbite-Na ()*	Stilbite	Na₉(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂·28H₂O			1	71051	15
Stilpnomelane ()*	Stilpnomelane Clay	(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆·nH₂O			1	71050	456
Stolzite ()*	Scheelite	Pb(WO₄)			3	71074,71139,71173	156
Strashimirite ()*	None	Cu₄(AsO₄)₂(OH)₂·2.5H₂O	0	0	2	71021,71023	90
Sulphur ()*	Sulphur	S	0	0	7	71003,71004,71017,71021,71039,71077,71080	2045
Svanbergite ()*	Alunite	SrAl₃(SO₄)(PO₄)(OH)₆			1	71074	105
Synchysite-(Ce) ()*	None	CaCe(CO₃)₂F	0	0	9	71004,71010,71021,71023,71028,71065,71083,71121,71194	232
Synchysite-(Y) ()*	None	CaY(CO₃)₂F			1	71128	55
Szomolnokite ()*	Kieserite	Fe(SO₄)·H₂O			1	71143	139
Talc ()*	Clay Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	36	30	18	71009,71021,71023,71050,71072,71074,71092,71105,71106,71115,71155,71165,71169,71178,71188,71189,71190,71192	3337
Tantalite-(Fe) ()*	Columbite	Fe²⁺Ta₂O₆			3	71149,71156,71165	99
Tantalite-(Mn) ()*	Columbite	Mn²⁺Ta₂O₆	36	30	2	71165,71188	211
Tanteuxenite-(Y) ()*	Columbite	Y(TaTi)O₆			2	71156,71162	16
Tapiolite-(Fe) ()*	Tapiolite	Fe²⁺Ta₂O₆	36	30	5	71149,71156,71165,71188,71191	88
Taramellite ()*	None	Ba₄(Fe³⁺,Ti)₄O₂[B₂Si₈O₂₇]Cl_x			1	71119	8
Tellurium ()*	None	Te	56	0	1	71017	190
Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂)As₄S₁₃	0	0	6	71017,71021,71023,71074,71105,71106	1803
Tenorite ()*	None	CuO	0	0	4	71021,71028,71030,71070	1101
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃	56	0	5	71017,71060,71063,71074,71143	5317
Thomsonite-Ca ()*	Thomsonite	NaCa₂(Al₅Si₅)O₂₀·6H₂O	36	30	5	71021,71155,71165,71188,71190	452
Thorite ()*	Zircon	Th(SiO₄)	36	30	5	71065,71114,71165,71185,71188	1006
Tilasite ()*	Titanite	CaMg(AsO₄)F	0	0	2	71021,71023	34
Tinnunculite ()*	None	C₅H₄N₄O₃·2H₂O			1	71083	8
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O	36	30	60	71004,71005,71008,71012,71014,71018,71019,71021,71022,71023,71025,71027,71028,71033,71034,71038,71039,71040,71041,71042,71043,71046,71065,71074,71083,71088,71090,71091,71094,71095,71096,71097,71100,71101,71104,71107,71108,71112,71113,71114,71116,71118,71119,71121,71125,71126,71128,71132,71133,71141,71155,71165,71180,71182,71185,71188,71189,71190,71192,71194	4899
Torbernite ()*	None	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·12H₂O	56	0	7	71025,71065,71121,71147,71149,71157,71180	1059
Tremolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_5.0-4.5Fe²⁺_0.0-0.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	36	30	21	71017,71021,71026,71028,71029,71030,71033,71039,71074,71090,71092,71106,71115,71119,71129,71130,71133,71169,71188,71189,71190	2562
Troilite ()*	None	FeS			1	71122	1044
Tungstenite ()*	Molybdenite	WS₂			1	71074	28
Tyrolite ()*	Tyrolite	Ca₂Cu₉(AsO₄)₄(CO₃)(OH)₈·11H₂O	0	0	3	71021,71023,71028	245
Uraninite ()*	Fluorite	UO₂			6	71050,71149,71153,71156,71157,71191	2718
Uranophane-α ()*	None	Ca(UO₂)₂(SiO₃OH)₂·5H₂O	36	30	6	71050,71153,71156,71165,71187,71191	890
Uranopolycrase ()*	Columbite	UTi₂O₆			1	71184	13
Uranospathite ()*	None	(Al, )(UO₂)₂F(PO₄)₂·20H₂O			1	71050	20
Valleriite ()*	Valleriite	2[(Fe,Cu)S]·1.53[(Mg,Al)(OH)₂]			1	71132	237
Vanadinite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl	36	30	7	71021,71023,71121,71139,71165,71188,71190	605
Vesuvianite ()*	Vesuvianite	(Ca,Na)₁₉(Al,Mg,Fe)₁₃(SiO₄)₁₀(Si₂O₇)₄(OH,F,O)₁₀			1	71046	1395
Vigezzite ()*	Aeschynite	(Ca,Ce)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆	36	30	2	71165,71188	12
Vivianite ()*	Vivianite	Fe²⁺₃(PO₄)₂·8H₂O			3	71120,71134,71149	636
Wagnerite ()*	Wagnerite	Mg₂(PO₄)F			1	71162	61
Wenkite ()*	None	Ba₄Ca₆(Si,Al)₂₀O₄₁(OH)₂(SO₄)₃·H₂O			1	71119	3
Whewellite ()*	Oxalate	Ca(C₂O₄)·H₂O	0	0	1	71021	66
Witherite ()*	Aragonite	Ba(CO₃)			1	71119	251
Wollastonite ()*	Wollastonite	CaSiO₃			1	71155	1247
Wulfenite ()*	Scheelite	PbMoO₄	0	0	11	71017,71021,71065,71074,71092,71106,71107,71115,71139,71185,71194	1655
Wurtzite ()*	Wurtzite	ZnS			1	71074	372
Xenotime-(Y) ()*	Zircon	Y(PO₄)	36	30	17	71010,71021,71023,71025,71050,71065,71083,71094,71107,71108,71114,71121,71149,71185,71188,71191,71194	939
Zeunerite ()*	Autunite	Cu(UO₂)₂(AsO₄)₂·12H₂O	0	0	1	71021	185
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)	36	30	32	71013,71034,71038,71039,71040,71046,71048,71050,71094,71095,71097,71118,71119,71121,71122,71124,71125,71129,71134,71141,71142,71144,71149,71153,71156,71165,71185,71188,71189,71190,71191,71192	5251
Zoisite ()*	Epidote	Ca₂Al₃[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	0	0	6	71002,71020,71021,71046,71074,71179	1025

Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:

Age ID	Locality Notes
Michelle_0051	Surface mineralization in Alpine fissures
Michelle_802	Devero Alp of Lepontine Alps. Several new REE-arsenates and REE arsenites were discovered at Mount Cervandone. Three REE oxalates have been found in alpine fissures, lindbergite, moolooite, and deveroite-(Ce), formed by oxalate enriched meteoric water reacting with the REE host rock.
Michelle_803	Devero Alp of Lepontine Alps. Several new REE-arsenates and REE arsenites were discovered at Mount Cervandone. Three REE oxalates have been found in alpine fissures, lindbergite, moolooite, and deveroite-(Ce), formed by oxalate enriched meteoric water reacting with the REE host rock.

4 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Sample Source	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
Michelle_802	11.6	2.6	Late Neogene		Age of uplift			29312	Devero Alp, Baceno, Devero Valley, Antigorio Valley, Ossola Valley, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy	Lepontine Alps	Huford (1986)	10.1007/BF00374424	CMP92_413	Age of uplift
Michelle_803	56	5.3	Mid-Tertiary		Age of metamorphism			29312	Devero Alp, Baceno, Devero Valley, Antigorio Valley, Ossola Valley, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy	Lepontine Alps	Huford (1986)	10.1007/BF00374424	CMP92_413	Age of metamorphism
Michelle_0051	0	0	0		Age of mineralization		Moolooite, Lindbergite	2085	Mt. Cervandone Area (Scherbadung; Cherbadung; Incl. Conca Del Cervandone; Ghiacciaio Della Rossa), Devero Alp, Baceno, Devero Valley, Antigorio Valley, Ossola Valley, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy	Mount Cervandone	Guastoni et al. (2013)	10.1180/minmag.2013.077.7.11	MM77_3019	Decaying lichens are the source of oxylate that allow mineralization in alpine fissures.
Bradley_2012_026	36	30	33±3	U/Th/Pb		chlorite		25849	Pizzo Marcio, Trontano, Vigezzo Valley, Ossola Valley, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy	Pizzo Marcio	McCauley and Bradley (2014)	10.3749/canmin.52.2.183	CM52_183

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R080118	Mt. Cervandone Area (Scherbadung; Cherbadung; Incl. Conca Del Cervandone; Ghiacciaio Della Rossa), Devero Alp, Baceno, Devero Valley, Antigorio Valley, Ossola Valley, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy	https://rruff.info/R080118
R110070	Mt. Cervandone Area (Scherbadung; Cherbadung; Incl. Conca Del Cervandone; Ghiacciaio Della Rossa), Devero Alp, Baceno, Devero Valley, Antigorio Valley, Ossola Valley, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy	https://rruff.info/R110070
R060618	Mt. Cervandone Area (Scherbadung; Cherbadung; Incl. Conca Del Cervandone; Ghiacciaio Della Rossa), Devero Alp, Baceno, Devero Valley, Antigorio Valley, Ossola Valley, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy	https://rruff.info/R060618

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...