Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Angola

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2278
Youngest recorded age at locality: 66

mindat Locality ID: 231939
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-231939.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Angola": 117
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 67

Number of Child Localities: 18
Child Localities:
Bengo Province
Benguela Province
Bié Province
Cabinda Province
Cuando Cubango Province
Cuanza Norte Province (Kwanza Norte Province)
Cuanza Sul Province (Kwanza Sul Province)
Cunene Province
Huambo Province
Huíla Province
Luanda Province
Lunda Norte Province
Lunda Sul Province
Malanje Province
Moxico Province
Namibe Province
Uíge Province
Zaire Province

Latitude: 10°46'49"S
Longitude: 15°43'39"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -10.780277777778,15.7275
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As B Ba Be C Ca Ce Cl Cr Cu F Fe H K La Li Mg Mn Na Nb Nd Ni O P Pb S Si Sr Th Ti Y Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAluniteAmorphousAmphiboleAnalcimeApatiteAragoniteBaddeleyiteBaryteBastnäsite
BerylBradleyiteBrookiteBurbankiteCalciteCancriniteCeriteChalcopyriteClayClinozoisite
ColumbiteCopperCoronaditeCorundumCubaniteDiamondDiasporeEpidoteEudialyteFairchildite
FeldsparFluoriteGarnetGypsumIronLepidocrociteMagnetoplumbiteMalachiteMicaNatrolite
NoneNorthupiteNot in a structural groupOlivinePentlanditePerovskitePrehnitePyritePyroxeneQuartz
RhabdophaneRocksaltRutileSphaleriteSpinelTitaniteTourmalineTridymiteWollastoniteWöhlerite
ZirconZirconolite

126 IMA Minerals at location:
Aegirine  (*)Aegirine-augite  (*)Albite  (*)Almandine  (*)Amblygonite  (*)
Analcime  (*)Anatase  (*)Anhydrite  (*)Ankerite  (*)Anorthite  (*)
Arfvedsonite  (*)Baddeleyite  (*)Baryte  (*)Barytocalcite  (*)Bastnäsite-(Ce)  (*)
Bayldonite  (*)Beryl  (*)Bornite  (*)Bradleyite  (*)Britholite-(Ce)  (*)
Brockite  (*)Brookite  (*)Burbankite  (*)Calcite  (*)Cancrinite  (*)
Celadonite  (*)Celestine  (*)Cerianite-(Ce)  (*)Cerite-(Ce)  (*)Cerussite  (*)
Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chromite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Columbite-(Fe)  (*)
Copper  (*)Crandallite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Diadochite  (*)Diamond  (*)
Diopside  (*)Dioptase  (*)Dolomite  (*)Eitelite  (*)Elbaite  (*)
Enstatite  (*)Epidote  (*)Eudialyte  (*)Fayalite  (*)Ferrisicklerite  (*)
Ferro-pargasite  (*)Ferrosilite  (*)Ferrotychite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)Fluorite  (*)
Forsterite  (*)Galena  (*)Godlevskite  (*)Goethite  (*)Graphite  (*)
Gregoryite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Halite  (*)Hastingsite  (*)Heazlewoodite  (*)
Hematite  (*)Hemimorphite  (*)Heterosite  (*)Hibonite  (*)Hollandite  (*)
Holmquistite  (*)Iimoriite-(Y)  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Iron  (*)Isocubanite  (*)
Kaersutite  (*)Kainosite-(Y)  (*)Katophorite  (*)Lepidocrocite  (*)Mackinawite  (*)
Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Montebrasite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Natrolite  (*)
Nepheline  (*)Nyerereite  (*)Omphacite  (*)Opal  (*)Orthoclase  (*)
Perovskite  (*)Petalite  (*)Phlogopite  (*)Prehnite  (*)Putoranite  (*)
Pyrite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)Pyrope  (*)Quartz  (*)Rhabdophane-(Ce)  (*)
Rhabdophane-(Nd)  (*)Romanèchite  (*)Rutile  (*)Sanidine  (*)Schorl  (*)
Shortite  (*)Siderite  (*)Sillimanite  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)
Spinel  (*)Spodumene  (*)Stillwellite-(Ce)  (*)Strontianite  (*)Synchysite-(Ce)  (*)
Synchysite-(Y)  (*)Taenite  (*)Tetrataenite  (*)Titanite  (*)Triphylite  (*)
Troilite  (*)Witherite  (*)Wöhlerite  (*)Wollastonite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Zirconolite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Aegirine  (*)PyroxeneNaFe3+Si2O61456621562,15781022
Aegirine-augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Na)(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6998511554286
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)22786631562,1578,16298803
Almandine  (*)GarnetFe2+3Al2(SiO4)32278218231603,1626,16292353
Amblygonite  (*)NoneLiAl(PO4)F2278218211630244
Analcime  (*)AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6)·H2O1456621535,15781627
Anatase  (*)Not in a structural groupTiO214566115622162
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)14566115621588
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)21456641562,1577,1578,16383092
Anorthite  (*)FeldsparCa(Al2Si2O8)1456621566,15781036
Arfvedsonite  (*)AmphiboleNaNa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)21456611562295
Baddeleyite  (*)BaddeleyiteZrO21456641554,1570,1577,1603238
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)14566131535,1554,1562,1564,1568,1570,1572,1577,1578,1603,1637,1638,164111547
Barytocalcite  (*)NoneBaCa(CO3)21160383
Bastnäsite-(Ce)  (*)BastnäsiteCe(CO3)F11577304
Bayldonite  (*)NoneCu3PbO(AsO3OH)2(OH)211641172
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O182278218231626,1628,16294286
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS411511521540,15535516
Bradleyite  (*)BradleyiteNa3Mg(PO4)(CO3)1456621562,157014
Britholite-(Ce)  (*)Apatite(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3(OH)11638115
Brockite  (*)Rhabdophane(Ca,Th,Ce)(PO4)·H2O145661156248
Brookite  (*)BrookiteTiO21456611562700
Burbankite  (*)Burbankite(Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5145661157052
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)1456691535,1554,1562,1568,1577,1578,1603,1638,164127770
Cancrinite  (*)Cancrinite(Na,Ca,   )8(Al6Si6)O24(CO3,SO4)2·2H2O1456611578232
Celadonite  (*)Mica ClayKMgFe3+Si4O10(OH)211535309
Celestine  (*)BaryteSr(SO4)14566115701252
Cerianite-(Ce)  (*)FluoriteCeO2145661156294
Cerite-(Ce)  (*)Cerite(Ce7Ca2)   Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)31163847
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)116444979
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S11511531540,1553,16415707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS211511551540,1553,1577,1638,164127198
Chromite  (*)SpinelFe2+Cr2O4998551554,1557,1566,1577,16033902
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O11511521551,16413531
Columbite-(Fe)  (*)ColumbiteFe2+Nb2O62278218211629518
Copper  (*)CopperCu21557,16413846
Crandallite  (*)AluniteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6998511554310
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O116412970
Diadochite  (*)AmorphousFe3+2(PO4)(SO4)(OH)·6H2O1157981
Diamond  (*)DiamondC131585,1588,1591,1593,1594,1596,1598,1600,1603,1605,1606,1617,1618697
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O61456641557,1578,1585,16034135
Dioptase  (*)NoneCuSiO3·H2O11641164
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)21456681535,1562,1564,1568,1570,1577,1578,16389895
Eitelite  (*)NoneNa2Mg(CO3)21456621562,157020
Elbaite  (*)TourmalineNa(Al1.5Li1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)2278218221629,1630520
Enstatite  (*)PyroxeneMg2Si2O611603944
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)115748173
Eudialyte  (*)EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)21456611562182
Fayalite  (*)OlivineFe2+2(SiO4)11566371
Ferrisicklerite  (*)OlivineLi1-x(Fe3+,Mn2+)(PO4)2278218211629108
Ferro-pargasite  (*)AmphiboleNaCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2145661157854
Ferrosilite  (*)PyroxeneFe2+2Si2O61156684
Ferrotychite  (*)NorthupiteNa6Fe2+2(CO3)4(SO4)14566115622
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F1456631562,1577,16382740
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF21456641559,1564,1610,16389617
Forsterite  (*)OlivineMg2(SiO4)1456621578,16031188
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS1456631570,1577,164024243
Godlevskite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S81157440
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)1456641535,1562,1577,16387437
Graphite  (*)NoneC31538,1557,16032812
Gregoryite  (*)NoneNa2(CO3)14566115623
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O116366890
Halite  (*)RocksaltNaCl14566115621398
Hastingsite  (*)AmphiboleNaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)21456611578209
Heazlewoodite  (*)NoneNi3S211574205
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O31456631562,1576,157914640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O116331689
Heterosite  (*)OlivineFe3+(PO4)2278218211629204
Hibonite  (*)MagnetoplumbiteCaAl12O19145661156280
Hollandite  (*)CoronaditeBa(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O161456621562,1638243
Holmquistite  (*)Amphibole   Li2(Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)22278218221629,163042
Iimoriite-(Y)  (*)NoneY2(SiO4)(CO3)14566115628
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O31456671557,1562,1566,1574,1577,1585,16035433
Iron  (*)IronFe21557,15661089
Isocubanite  (*)Sphalerite CubaniteCuFe2S311557191
Kaersutite  (*)AmphiboleNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O21456611578179
Kainosite-(Y)  (*)NoneCa2Y2(SiO3)4(CO3)·H2O145661156299
Katophorite  (*)AmphiboleNa(NaCa)(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2145661157846
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)1456611562581
Mackinawite  (*)None(Fe,Ni)1+xS (x = 0-0.07)11557451
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O41456681548,1554,1562,1570,1572,1577,1578,163814899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)221638,164112537
Montebrasite  (*)NoneLiAl(PO4)(OH)2278218211629200
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)22278218231550,1626,162917380
Natrolite  (*)NatroliteNa2(Si3Al2)O10·2H2O115351236
Nepheline  (*)TridymiteNa3K(Al4Si4O16)1456621562,1578884
Nyerereite  (*)FairchilditeNa2Ca(CO3)21456621562,157018
Omphacite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al)Si2O611603229
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O115812994
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)14566115782349
Perovskite  (*)PerovskiteCaTiO311603495
Petalite  (*)Not in a structural groupLiAlSi4O102278218211630124
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)21456671534,1568,1577,1578,1585,1603,16382273
Prehnite  (*)PrehniteCa2Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)2115351898
Putoranite  (*)ChalcopyriteCu1.1Fe1.2S2115747
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS21456661562,1570,1577,1578,1638,164139462
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl116441725
Pyrope  (*)GarnetMg3Al2(SiO4)331585,1588,1603341
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2227866171534,1535,1550,1555,1564,1570,1574,1577,1578,1585,1615,1626,1629,1638,1641,1646,164761156
Rhabdophane-(Ce)  (*)RhabdophaneCe(PO4)·H2O1456621562,163866
Rhabdophane-(Nd)  (*)RhabdophaneNd(PO4)·H2O145661156214
Romanèchite  (*)None(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O101456611562312
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO21456661550,1562,1570,1577,1603,16385614
Sanidine  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)1456611578598
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)2278218221534,16292705
Shortite  (*)NoneNa2Ca2(CO3)31456621562,157037
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)115596417
Sillimanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2SiO5115341516
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)21641,16442473
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS1157721482
Spinel  (*)SpinelMgAl2O4116031934
Spodumene  (*)PyroxeneLiAlSi2O62278218211630688
Stillwellite-(Ce)  (*)NoneCeBSiO5145661156219
Strontianite  (*)AragoniteSr(CO3)1456661562,1568,1570,1577,1603,1638589
Synchysite-(Ce)  (*)NoneCaCe(CO3)2F21577,1638232
Synchysite-(Y)  (*)NoneCaY(CO3)2F1456651562,1564,1570,1577,163855
Taenite  (*)None(Ni,Fe)11557703
Tetrataenite  (*)NoneFeNi11557116
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O1456631562,1568,15784899
Triphylite  (*)OlivineLiFe2+(PO4)2278218211629313
Troilite  (*)NoneFeS21557,15661044
Witherite  (*)AragoniteBa(CO3)1456621570,1603251
Wöhlerite  (*)WöhleriteNa2Ca4Zr(Nb,Ti)(Si2O7)2(O,F)4145661157883
Wollastonite  (*)WollastoniteCaSiO3130109115681247
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)1456671554,1562,1568,1577,1603,1607,16385251
Zirconolite  (*)Zirconolite(Ca,Y)Zr(Ti,Mg,Al)2O71456621554,1578140


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Jen_0000701MAGMATIC STYLE: Volcano of tuffs and lava flows; associated dykes. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Dykes of tinguaite, phonolite, diabase and quartz rock.
Jen_0000734MAGMATIC STYLE: Small intrusions, generally within fenite. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Nepheline syenite, breccia, fenite and probably haüyne-bearing syenite.
Jen_0000735MAGMATIC STYLE: Small intrusions, generally within fenite. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Nepheline syenite, breccia, fenite and probably haüyne-bearing syenite.
Jen_0000750MAGMATIC STYLE: Major arcuate intrusions. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Nepheline syenite, syenite, melteigite, ijolite, urtite, gabbro, feldspathic breccia and fenite; tephritic and phonolitic dykes.
Jen_0000751MAGMATIC STYLE: Major arcuate intrusions. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Nepheline syenite, syenite, melteigite, ijolite, urtite, gabbro, feldspathic breccia and fenite; tephritic and phonolitic dykes.
Jen_0000752MAGMATIC STYLE: Major arcuate intrusions. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Nepheline syenite, syenite, melteigite, ijolite, urtite, gabbro, feldspathic breccia and fenite; tephritic and phonolitic dykes.
Jen_0000753MAGMATIC STYLE: Major arcuate intrusions. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Nepheline syenite, syenite, melteigite, ijolite, urtite, gabbro, feldspathic breccia and fenite; tephritic and phonolitic dykes.


16 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
sedcu-00018115115Cretaceous, L.Aptian       Cu228192English Mine, Lobito City Council, Benguela Province, AngolaEnglish MineCox et al. (2003) USGSOFR03_107 
sedcu-00016115115Cretaceous, Lower Aptian       Cu228188Novo Redondo Cu Deposit, Cassongue City Council, Cuanza Sul Province (Kwanza Sul Province), AngolaNovo RedondoCox et al. (2003) USGSOFR03_107 
sedcu-00017115115Cretaceous, L.Aptian       Cu228191Cachoeiras De Binga, Sumbe City Council, Cuanza Sul Province (Kwanza Sul Province), AngolaCachoeiras de BingaCox et al. (2003) USGSOFR03_107 
Jen_0000701998592±7K-Ar       125567Catanda, Sumbe City Council, Cuanza Sul Province (Kwanza Sul Province), AngolaCatandaWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796 
ree-0000214566Cretaceous        158061Bailundo, Bailundo City Council, Huambo Province, AngolaBailundoOrris and Grauch (2002) USGSOFR02_189 
ree-0000514566Cretaceous        158064Coola, Ekunda City Council, Huambo Province, AngolaCoolaOrris and Grauch (2002) USGSOFR02_189 
Jen_0000734109109109K-Ar amphibole     158066Monte Verde, Londuimbali City Council, Huambo Province, AngolaMonte VerdeWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796 
Jen_0000735130130130K-Ar amphibole     158066Monte Verde, Londuimbali City Council, Huambo Province, AngolaMonte VerdeWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796 
ree-00008130109109-130 Ma        158066Monte Verde, Londuimbali City Council, Huambo Province, AngolaMonte VerdeOrris and Grauch (2002) USGSOFR02_189 
ree-0000614566Cretaceous        158065Mt Chibilundo, Longonjo City Council, Huambo Province, AngolaLongonjo (Mt. Chibilundo)Orris and Grauch (2002) USGSOFR02_189 
Jen_0000750133133133Rb-Sr feldspar, mica     72587Mt Tchivira, Lubango City Council, Huíla Province, AngolaTchiviraWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796Bonga coeval with Tchivira
Jen_0000751134.8126.8130.8±1.4Rb-Sr feldspar, mica     72587Mt Tchivira, Lubango City Council, Huíla Province, AngolaTchiviraWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796Bonga coeval with Tchivira
Jen_0000752138138138K-Ar biotite, pyroxene     72587Mt Tchivira, Lubango City Council, Huíla Province, AngolaTchiviraWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796Bonga coeval with Tchivira
Jen_0000753130130130K-Ar biotite, pyroxene     72587Mt Tchivira, Lubango City Council, Huíla Province, AngolaTchiviraWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796Bonga coeval with Tchivira
ree-0001014566Cretaceous        72587Mt Tchivira, Lubango City Council, Huíla Province, AngolaTchivira (Chivara, Quicuco)Orris and Grauch (2002) USGSOFR02_189 
Alexandra-0269227821822230 ± 48 Age of Nb-Ta mineralization      231987Giraul Pegmatite Field, Namibe Province, AngolaGiraul pegmatite fieldMelcher et al. (2015)10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.09.003OGR64_667 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R040106Angolahttps://rruff.info/R040106

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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