Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Karnasurt Mt, Lovozero Massif, Murmansk Oblast, Russia

Oldest recorded age at locality: 370
Youngest recorded age at locality: 359

mindat Locality ID: 2689
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-2689.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Karnasurt Mt, Lovozero Massif, Murmansk Oblast, Russia": 7
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 6

Number of Child Localities: 6
Child Localities:
Hackmanite Stock (Pegmatite No. 62)
Karnasurt Mine
Natrolite Stock (Pegmatite No. 61)
Second Eastern Stream (Kromka Stream)
Yubileinaya Pegmatite (Yubileinoye; Jubilejnaja)
Yubileinaya-2 Pegmatite (Yubileinoye-2; Jubilejnaja-2)

Latitude: 67°53'31"N
Longitude: 34°39'2"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 67.891944444444,34.650555555556
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As B Ba Be C Ca Ce Cl Co Cu F Fe H K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Ni O P Pb REE S Si Sr Te Th Ti Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ag Al B Ba Be C Ca Ce Cl Cu F Fe H K Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Ni O P REE S Si Sr Te Th Ti Zr 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AmphiboleAnalcimeApatiteAphthitaliteArisiteAstrophylliteBerylloniteCancriniteCancrinite-sodaliteCatapleiite
ChabaziteClayCoronaditeCorundumCristobaliteCubaniteDjerfisheriteElpiditeEudialyteFeldspar
FluoriteGaidonnayiteGmeliniteHeulanditeLöllingiteLabuntsoviteLeifiteLovozeriteMicaMolybdenite
NatroliteNeptuniteNickelineNoneNorditeNot in a structural groupOxalatePalygorskitePectolitePerovskite
PyroxeneQuartzRhabdophaneRocksaltSmectite-vermiculiteSodaliteSphaleriteTerskiteTitaniteTridymite
Zorite

150 IMA Minerals at location:
Abellaite  (*)Actinolite  (*)Aegirine  (*)Agrellite  (*)Albite  (*)
Alluaivite  (*)Analcime  (*)Annite  (*)Arfvedsonite  (*)Arisite-(Ce)  (*)
Belovite-(Ce)  (*)Belyankinite  (*)Bertrandite  (*)Beryllite  (*)Bornemanite  (*)
Britholite-(Ce)  (*)Cancrisilite  (*)Catapleiite  (*)Chabazite-K  (*)Chkalovite  (*)
Cristobalite  (*)Cryptomelane  (*)Depmeierite  (*)Djerfisherite  (*)Dorfmanite  (*)
Elpasolite  (*)Elpidite  (*)Epididymite  (*)Epistolite  (*)Eudialyte  (*)
Eudidymite  (*)Ferronordite-(Ce)  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)Fluorcaphite  (*)Fluorite  (*)
Galena  (*)Georgechaoite  (*)Gerasimovskite  (*)Gibbsite  (*)Gjerdingenite-Ca  (*)
Gmelinite-Na  (*)Gutkovaite-Mn  (*)Halite  (*)Hessite  (*)Heulandite-Ca  (*)
Hilairite  (*)Hydroxycancrinite  (*)Ikranite  (*)Ilmajokite  (*)Kalsilite  (*)
Kapustinite  (*)Karnasurtite-(Ce)  (*)Kazakovite  (*)Kentbrooksite  (*)Komarovite  (*)
Korobitsynite  (*)Kupletskite  (*)Kuzmenkoite-Mn  (*)Kuzmenkoite-Zn  (*)Kyanoxalite  (*)
Labuntsovite-Mn  (*)Lamprophyllite  (*)Laplandite-(Ce)  (*)Leifite  (*)Lemmleinite-Ba  (*)
Lemmleinite-K  (*)Leucosphenite  (*)Lithiophorite  (*)Löllingite  (*)Lomonosovite  (*)
Loparite-(Ce)  (*)Lorenzenite  (*)Lovdarite  (*)Lovozerite  (*)Magnesio-arfvedsonite  (*)
Malinkoite  (*)Manganoeudialyte  (*)Manganoneptunite  (*)Manganonordite-(Ce)  (*)Microcline  (*)
Molybdenite  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)Moraesite  (*)Mountainite  (*)Murmanite  (*)
Nabalamprophyllite  (*)Nacaphite  (*)Nagelschmidtite  (*)Narsarsukite  (*)Nastrophite  (*)
Natisite  (*)Natrite  (*)Natrolite  (*)Natrophosphate  (*)Natrosilite  (*)
Nenadkevichite  (*)Nepheline  (*)Neptunite  (*)Nontronite  (*)Nordite-(Ce)  (*)
Nosean  (*)Olgite  (*)Organovaite-Mn  (*)Organovaite-Zn  (*)Parakeldyshite  (*)
Pectolite  (*)Penkvilksite  (*)Phosinaite-(Ce)  (*)Polylithionite  (*)Pyrophanite  (*)
Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Raite  (*)Raslakite  (*)Rasvumite  (*)
Reedmergnerite  (*)Revdite  (*)Rhabdophane-(Ce)  (*)Rhabdophane-(La)  (*)Rinkite-(Ce)  (*)
Safflorite  (*)Sauconite  (*)Sazhinite-(Ce)  (*)Seidite-(Ce)  (*)Serandite  (*)
Shafranovskite  (*)Sobolevite  (*)Sodalite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Steenstrupine-(Ce)  (*)
Terskite  (*)Thermonatrite  (*)Thorosteenstrupine  (*)Tisinalite  (*)Titanite  (*)
Troilite  (*)Tsepinite-K  (*)Tugtupite  (*)Tuperssuatsiaite  (*)Umbozerite  (*)
Ussingite  (*)Villiaumite  (*)Vinogradovite  (*)Vitusite-(Ce)  (*)Vuonnemite  (*)
Yakhontovite  (*)Yofortierite  (*)Zakharovite  (*)Zirsinalite  (*)Zorite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Abellaite  (*)Not in a structural groupNaPb2(CO3)2(OH)37035911029362
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)237035903419
Aegirine  (*)PyroxeneNaFe3+Si2O63703593102933,102935,1029361022
Agrellite  (*)Not in a structural groupNaCa2Si4O10F37035907
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)3703592102933,1029368803
Alluaivite  (*)EudialyteNa19(Ca,Mn2+)6(Ti,Nb)3Si26O74Cl·2H2O37035905
Analcime  (*)AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6)·H2O37035911029331627
Annite  (*)Mica ClayKFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)23703590356
Arfvedsonite  (*)AmphiboleNaNa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)23703592102933,102935295
Arisite-(Ce)  (*)ArisiteNaCe2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F37035911029364
Belovite-(Ce)  (*)ApatiteNaCeSr3(PO4)3F370359110293615
Belyankinite  (*)NoneCa1-2(Ti,Zr,Nb)5O12·9H2O (?)37035906
Bertrandite  (*)Not in a structural groupBe4Si2O7(OH)23703591102933606
Beryllite  (*)NoneBe3(SiO4)(OH)2·H2O37035911029334
Bornemanite  (*)NoneNa6(Na   )Ba2Ti2Nb2(Si2O7)4(PO4)2O4(OH)2F237035911029364
Britholite-(Ce)  (*)Apatite(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3(OH)3703590115
Cancrisilite  (*)Cancrinite Cancrinite-sodaliteNa7(Si7Al5)O24(CO3)·3H2O37035908
Catapleiite  (*)CatapleiiteNa2Zr(Si3O9)·2H2O3703591102933113
Chabazite-K  (*)Chabazite(K2NaCa0.5)[Al4Si8O24]·11H2O370359110293530
Chkalovite  (*)CristobaliteNa2BeSi2O63703592102935,10293616
Cristobalite  (*)CristobaliteSiO23703591102933453
Cryptomelane  (*)CoronaditeK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O163703592102931,102933599
Depmeierite  (*)CancriniteNa8[Al6Si6O24](PO4,CO3)1-x·3H2O (x< 0.5)37035902
Djerfisherite  (*)DjerfisheriteK6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl370359060
Dorfmanite  (*)NoneNa2(PO3OH)·2H2O370359011
Elpasolite  (*)PerovskiteK2NaAlF6370359016
Elpidite  (*)ElpiditeNa2ZrSi6O15·3H2O370359110293350
Epididymite  (*)Not in a structural groupNa2Be2Si6O15·H2O3703592102931,10293370
Epistolite  (*)None(Na   )Nb2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)43703592102933,10293516
Eudialyte  (*)EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)23703593102933,102935,102936182
Eudidymite  (*)NoneNa2Be2Si6O15·H2O370359110293342
Ferronordite-(Ce)  (*)NorditeNa3SrCeFe2+Si6O1737035905
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F37035902740
Fluorcaphite  (*)ApatiteSrCaCa3(PO4)3F37035906
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF237035909617
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS3703593102933,102935,10293624243
Georgechaoite  (*)GaidonnayiteKNaZrSi3O9·2H2O37035907
Gerasimovskite  (*)NoneMn2+(Ti,Nb)5O12·9H2O (?)3703592102933,1029358
Gibbsite  (*)NoneAl(OH)33703591102933504
Gjerdingenite-Ca  (*)LabuntsoviteK2Ca(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·6H2O37035911029331
Gmelinite-Na  (*)GmeliniteNa4(Si8Al4)O24·11H2O370359110293525
Gutkovaite-Mn  (*)LabuntsoviteCaK2Mn(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·5H2O37035911029362
Halite  (*)RocksaltNaCl37035911029361398
Hessite  (*)NoneAg2Te3703590804
Heulandite-Ca  (*)Heulandite(Ca,Na,K)5(Si27Al9)O72·26H2O3703591102933246
Hilairite  (*)NoneNa2ZrSi3O9·3H2O370359018
Hydroxycancrinite  (*)Cancrinite Cancrinite-sodalite(Na,Ca,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(OH,CO3)2·2H2O37035902
Ikranite  (*)Eudialyte(Na,H3O)15(Ca,Mn,REE)6Fe3+2Zr3Si24O66(O,OH)6Cl·nH2O37035902
Ilmajokite  (*)NoneNa11KBaCe2Ti12Si37.5O94(OH)30·29H2O37035911029361
Kalsilite  (*)NoneKAlSiO4370359049
Kapustinite  (*)NoneNa6ZrSi6O16(OH)237035903
Karnasurtite-(Ce)  (*)NoneCeTiAlSi2O7(OH)4·3H2O37035911029314
Kazakovite  (*)NoneNa6Mn2+TiSi6O1837035905
Kentbrooksite  (*)Eudialyte(Na,REE)15(Ca,REE)6Mn3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(F,Cl)2370359019
Komarovite  (*)None(Ca,Sr,Na)6-x(Nb,Ti)6(Si4O12)(O,OH,F)16·nH2O37035911029332
Korobitsynite  (*)Labuntsovite(Na,   )4Ti2(Si4O12)(O,OH)2·4H2O37035911029336
Kupletskite  (*)AstrophylliteK2NaMn2+7Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F370359033
Kuzmenkoite-Mn  (*)LabuntsoviteK2MnTi4(Si4O12)2(OH)4·5-6H2O37035911029335
Kuzmenkoite-Zn  (*)LabuntsoviteK2ZnTi4(Si4O12)2(OH)4·6-8H2O37035911029335
Kyanoxalite  (*)Cancrinite Cancrinite-sodalite OxalateNa7(Al5-6Si6-7O24)(C2O4)0.5-1.0·5H2O37035903
Labuntsovite-Mn  (*)LabuntsoviteNa4K4Mn2+2Ti8O4(Si4O12)4(OH)4·10-12H2O370359018
Lamprophyllite  (*)None(SrNa)Ti2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2370359063
Laplandite-(Ce)  (*)NoneNa4CeTiPSi7O22·5H2O37035911029362
Leifite  (*)LeifiteNa7Be2(Si15Al3)O39(F,OH)2370359110293310
Lemmleinite-Ba  (*)LabuntsoviteNa4K4Ba2+xTi8(Si4O12)4(OH,O)8·8H2O37035907
Lemmleinite-K  (*)LabuntsoviteNa4K8Ti8(Si4O12)4(OH,O)8·8H2O37035908
Leucosphenite  (*)NoneNa4BaTi2B2Si10O30370359110293619
Lithiophorite  (*)None(Al,Li)(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2(OH)23633611102931210
Löllingite  (*)LöllingiteFeAs23703591102935762
Lomonosovite  (*)NoneNa6Na2Ti2Na2Ti2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O4370359110293618
Loparite-(Ce)  (*)Perovskite(Na,Ce,Sr)(Ce,Th)(Ti,Nb)2O6370359057
Lorenzenite  (*)NoneNa2Ti2O3(Si2O6)3703593102933,102935,10293682
Lovdarite  (*)NoneK2Na6Be4Si14O36·9H2O37035911029363
Lovozerite  (*)LovozeriteNa3CaZrSi6O15(OH)3370359110293519
Magnesio-arfvedsonite  (*)AmphiboleNaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2370359110293679
Malinkoite  (*)BerylloniteNaBSiO437035903
Manganoeudialyte  (*)EudialyteNa14Ca6Mn3Zr3[Si26O72(OH)2](H2O,Cl,O,OH)637035908
Manganoneptunite  (*)NeptuniteKNa2LiMn2+2Ti2Si8O243633612102933,10293626
Manganonordite-(Ce)  (*)NorditeNa3SrCeMn2+Si6O1737035911029353
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)3703593102933,102935,1029364924
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS237035905800
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O37035911029331508
Moraesite  (*)NoneBe2(PO4)(OH)·4H2O370359110293335
Mountainite  (*)NoneKNa2Ca2[Si8O19(OH)]·6H2O37035911029365
Murmanite  (*)NoneNa2Ti2Na2Ti2(Si2O7)2O4(H2O)4370359110293524
Nabalamprophyllite  (*)None(BaNa)Ti2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)237035911029364
Nacaphite  (*)NoneNa2Ca(PO4)F37035907
Nagelschmidtite  (*)NoneCa7(SiO4)2(PO4)237035903
Narsarsukite  (*)NoneNa2(Ti,Fe3+)Si4(O,F)11370359110293634
Nastrophite  (*)NoneNaSr(PO4)·9H2O37035906
Natisite  (*)NoneNa2TiO(SiO4)37035907
Natrite  (*)NoneNa2(CO3)370359019
Natrolite  (*)NatroliteNa2(Si3Al2)O10·2H2O3703594102931,102933,102935,1029361236
Natrophosphate  (*)NoneNa7(PO4)2F·19H2O37035908
Natrosilite  (*)NoneNa2Si2O537035906
Nenadkevichite  (*)Labuntsovite(Na,   )8Nb4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·8H2O3703592102933,10293619
Nepheline  (*)TridymiteNa3K(Al4Si4O16)3703591102936884
Neptunite  (*)NeptuniteKNa2LiFe2+2Ti2Si8O24363361049
Nontronite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculiteNa0.3Fe3+2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O3703591102933471
Nordite-(Ce)  (*)NorditeNa3SrCeZnSi6O1737035911029367
Nosean  (*)Sodalite Cancrinite-sodaliteNa8(Si6Al6)O24(SO4)·H2O370359075
Olgite  (*)Aphthitalite(Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)2Na(PO4)237035904
Organovaite-Mn  (*)LabuntsoviteK2MnNb4(Si4O12)2O4·5-7H2O37035911029332
Organovaite-Zn  (*)LabuntsoviteK2Zn(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·6H2O37035911029331
Parakeldyshite  (*)NoneNa2ZrSi2O7370359012
Pectolite  (*)PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)3703592102933,102935363
Penkvilksite  (*)NoneNa2TiSi4O11·2H2O37035911029364
Phosinaite-(Ce)  (*)NoneNa13Ca2Ce(SiO3)4(PO4)437035905
Polylithionite  (*)MicaKLi2AlSi4O10F23633612102931,10293689
Pyrophanite  (*)CorundumMn2+TiO33703590244
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S837035909056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2370359110293561156
Raite  (*)NoneNa3Mn2+3Ti0.25(Si8O20)(OH)2·10H2O37035911029365
Raslakite  (*)EudialyteNa15Ca3Fe3(Na,Zr)3Zr3(Si,Nb)Si25O73(OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)37035901
Rasvumite  (*)CubaniteKFe2S3370359019
Reedmergnerite  (*)FeldsparNaBSi3O837035909
Revdite  (*)NoneNa16Si16O27(OH)26·28H2O37035906
Rhabdophane-(Ce)  (*)RhabdophaneCe(PO4)·H2O3703592102933,10293566
Rhabdophane-(La)  (*)RhabdophaneLa(PO4)·H2O370359110293513
Rinkite-(Ce)  (*)None(Ca3REE)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2370359053
Safflorite  (*)LöllingiteCoAs23703591102936317
Sauconite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculiteNa0.3Zn3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O370359110293356
Sazhinite-(Ce)  (*)NoneNa3CeSi6O15·2H2O37035911029364
Seidite-(Ce)  (*)NoneNa4(Ce,Sr)2TiSi8O18(O,OH,F)6·5H2O37035911029363
Serandite  (*)PectoliteNaMn2+2Si3O8(OH)3703592102933,10293638
Shafranovskite  (*)NoneNa3K2(Mn,Fe,Na)4[Si9(O,OH)27](OH)2·nH2O37035911029365
Sobolevite  (*)NoneNa6(Na2Ca)(NaCaMn)Na2Ti2Na2(TiMn)(Si2O7)2(PO4)4O2(OF)F237035902
Sodalite  (*)Cancrinite-sodalite SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl3703594102931,102933,102935,102936444
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS3703593102933,102935,10293621482
Steenstrupine-(Ce)  (*)NoneNa14Ce6Mn2+2Fe3+2Zr(PO4)7Si12O36(OH)2·3H2O3703593102933,102935,10293628
Terskite  (*)TerskiteNa4ZrSi6O16·2H2O37035911029365
Thermonatrite  (*)NoneNa2(CO3)·H2O370359064
Thorosteenstrupine  (*)None(Ca,Th,Mn)3Si4O11F·6H2O37035904
Tisinalite  (*)NoneNa3Mn2+TiSi6O15(OH)337035904
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O37035904899
Troilite  (*)NoneFeS37035901044
Tsepinite-K  (*)Labuntsovite(K,Ba,Na)2(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2·3H2O37035904
Tugtupite  (*)Cancrinite-sodalite SodaliteNa4BeAlSi4O12Cl370359012
Tuperssuatsiaite  (*)PalygorskiteNa2(Fe3+,Mn2+)3Si8O20(OH)2·4H2O370359110293310
Umbozerite  (*)NoneNa3Sr4ThSi8(O,OH)2437035911029353
Ussingite  (*)NoneNa2AlSi3O8(OH)370359110293524
Villiaumite  (*)RocksaltNaF370359110293631
Vinogradovite  (*)NoneNa4Ti4(Si2O6)2[(Si,Al)4O10]O4·(H2O,Na,K)3370359110293528
Vitusite-(Ce)  (*)NoneNa3Ce(PO4)237035911029369
Vuonnemite  (*)NoneNa6Na2Nb2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O2(OF)370359110293610
Yakhontovite  (*)Smectite-vermiculite Clay(Ca,Na,K)0.2(Cu,Fe,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·3H2O37035911029335
Yofortierite  (*)Palygorskite ClayMn2+5Si8O20(OH)2·7H2O3703592102933,1029368
Zakharovite  (*)NoneNa4Mn2+5Si10O24(OH)6·6H2O37035909
Zirsinalite  (*)NoneNa6CaZrSi6O1837035907
Zorite  (*)ZoriteNa6Ti5Si12O34(O,OH)5·11H2O37035911029361


2 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
P22_462_fig1_008370359      Yes  2697Lovozero Massif, Murmansk Oblast, RussiaLovozeroArzamastsev & Wu (2014)10.1134/S0869591114050026P22_462 
Grew_Li_2019_0053363361362±1 termination of igneous activity in Khibiny and Lovozero plutons   YesLintisiteLi2692Alluaiv Mt, Lovozero Massif, Murmansk Oblast, RussiaAlluaiv and Palitra pegmatite, Lovozero Massif, Kola Peninsula, RussiaArzamastsev et al. (2007)10.1134/S1028334X07030257DES413A_432 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R130530Karnasurt Mt, Lovozero Massif, Murmansk Oblast, Russiahttps://rruff.info/R130530
R080037Karnasurt Mt, Lovozero Massif, Murmansk Oblast, Russiahttps://rruff.info/R080037
R140749Karnasurt Mt, Lovozero Massif, Murmansk Oblast, Russiahttps://rruff.info/R140749
R070215Karnasurt Mt, Lovozero Massif, Murmansk Oblast, Russiahttps://rruff.info/R070215
R070690Yubileinaya Pegmatite (Yubileinoye; Jubilejnaja), Karnasurt Mt, Lovozero Massif, Murmansk Oblast, Russiahttps://rruff.info/R070690

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