Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Plombières-Vieille Montagne-Moresnet (Plombières-Altenberg-Moresnet) Mining District, Verviers, Liège, Wallonia, Belgium

Oldest recorded age at locality: 419
Youngest recorded age at locality: 145

mindat Locality ID: 289563
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-289563.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Plombières-Vieille Montagne-Moresnet (Plombières-Altenberg-Moresnet) Mining District, Verviers, Liège, Wallonia, Belgium": 47
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 34

Number of Child Localities: 6
Child Localities:
Baelen
Kelmis (La Calamine)
Lontzen
Plombières (Blieberg; Bleiberg; Bleyberg)
Raeren
Welkenraedt

Latitude: 50°41'9"N
Longitude: 5°59'38"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 50.685833333333,5.9938888888889
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As Ba C Ca Cd Cl Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Na Ni O P Pb S Si Sr Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAluniteApatiteAragoniteBaryteBrochantiteCalciteChalcoalumiteChalcopyriteClay
ConnelliteCopperCoronaditeCorundumCovelliteDevillineDiasporeDundasiteEpsomiteFeldspar
GypsumHopeiteHydrotalciteKaoliniteKtenasiteLepidocrociteLinariteMalachiteMarcasiteMelanterite
MiniumNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupPhenakitePyritePyrophylliteQuartzRocksaltRutile
SerpentineSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelStarkeyiteSulphurTridymiteVivianiteWurtzite

84 IMA Minerals at location:
Albite  (*)Allophane  (*)Anglesite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Beudantite  (*)Brianyoungite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Calcite  (*)Cerussite  (*)
Chalcoalumite  (*)Chalcophanite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Connellite  (*)Copper  (*)
Coronadite  (*)Covellite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Devilline  (*)Dolomite  (*)
Dundasite  (*)Dypingite  (*)Elyite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)Fougèrite  (*)
Fraipontite  (*)Galena  (*)Gibbsite  (*)Goethite  (*)Goslarite  (*)
Goyazite  (*)Greenockite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Hawleyite  (*)Hematite  (*)
Hemimorphite  (*)Hetaerolite  (*)Hopeite  (*)Hydrocalumite  (*)Hydrocerussite  (*)
Hydromagnesite  (*)Hydrozincite  (*)Jarosite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Ktenasite  (*)
Lanarkite  (*)Langite  (*)Lead  (*)Leadhillite  (*)Lepidocrocite  (*)
Linarite  (*)Litharge  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)
Melanterite  (*)Minium  (*)Nickeline  (*)Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)Parascholzite  (*)
Plumbojarosite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)Pyrophyllite  (*)
Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Rozenite  (*)Sauconite  (*)Schulenbergite  (*)
Serpierite  (*)Siderite  (*)Simonkolleite  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)
Sulphur  (*)Susannite  (*)Tridymite  (*)Vivianite  (*)Willemite  (*)
Wurtzite  (*)Zaccagnaite  (*)Zinc  (*)Zincite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)2011451253898803
Allophane  (*)AllophaneAl2O3(SiO2)1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H2O201145525370,25371,25373,25374,25385470
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)201145425374,25385,25389,254062734
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)201145225385,253893250
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)20114512537411547
Beudantite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6201145125389413
Brianyoungite  (*)NoneZn3(CO3)(OH)420114512536779
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)62011451253891633
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)4191451125363,25366,25367,25374,25375,25382,25385,25388,25389,25399,2540627770
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)2011451325363,25367,25374,25377,25384,25385,25388,25389,25394,25399,25400,25403,254064979
Chalcoalumite  (*)ChalcoalumiteCuAl4(SO4)(OH)12·3H2O20114512538991
Chalcophanite  (*)NoneZnMn4+3O7·3H2O201145225374,25385197
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2201145425363,25384,25388,2538927198
Connellite  (*)ConnelliteCu36(SO4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O201145125389295
Copper  (*)CopperCu2011451253893846
Coronadite  (*)CoronaditePb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16201145125374227
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS201145225374,253894165
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O2011451253892970
Devilline  (*)DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O201145125389366
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)2419145725363,25366,25370,25371,25373,25382,253849895
Dundasite  (*)DundasitePbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·H2O201145225374,2538597
Dypingite  (*)NoneMg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5H2O20114512538950
Elyite  (*)NoneCuPb4(SO4)O2(OH)4·H2O20114512538985
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F2011451253852740
Fougèrite  (*)HydrotalciteFe2+4Fe3+2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O20114512538920
Fraipontite  (*)Clay Serpentine(Zn,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)420114512536749
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS4191452325363,25366,25367,25370,25371,25373,25374,25375,25376,25377,25378,25384,25385,25388,25389,25392,25394,25399,25400,25401,25403,25406,2540724243
Gibbsite  (*)NoneAl(OH)3201145125385504
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)201145525374,25384,25385,25389,254067437
Goslarite  (*)EpsomiteZn(SO4)·7H2O201145125367188
Goyazite  (*)AluniteSrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6201145125385173
Greenockite  (*)WurtziteCdS201145325367,25389,25399717
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O419145525366,25367,25385,25389,253946890
Hawleyite  (*)SphaleriteCdS20114512538562
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3201145425374,25385,25400,2540614640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O2011451325363,25367,25370,25371,25373,25374,25388,25399,25400,25401,25403,25405,254061689
Hetaerolite  (*)SpinelZnMn3+2O4419145225374,2539273
Hopeite  (*)HopeiteZn3(PO4)2·4H2O20114512536729
Hydrocalumite  (*)HydrotalciteCa4Al2(OH)12(Cl,CO3,OH)2·4H2O20114512538930
Hydrocerussite  (*)NonePb3(CO3)2(OH)2201145125389201
Hydromagnesite  (*)NoneMg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O201145125389341
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)6201145425367,25374,25388,253891066
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)62011451253892228
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4201145225367,253745591
Ktenasite  (*)Ktenasite DevillineZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·6H2O20114512538975
Lanarkite  (*)NonePb2O(SO4)20114512538997
Langite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·2H2O201145125389593
Lead  (*)CopperPb201145125389192
Leadhillite  (*)NonePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2201145125389265
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)201145125389581
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)2201145125389987
Litharge  (*)NonePbO201145125389139
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O420114512538914899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2201145325374,25388,2538912537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS2419145925366,25367,25374,25375,25384,25385,25388,25401,254065674
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O201145125389915
Minium  (*)MiniumPb2+2Pb4+O4201145125374247
Nickeline  (*)NickelineNiAs201145125388633
Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)PyriteNiAsS201145125388767
Parascholzite  (*)NoneCaZn2(PO4)2·2H2O20114512538512
Plumbojarosite  (*)AlunitePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6201145225374,25385477
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS24191451925365,25366,25367,25375,25377,25378,25384,25385,25388,25389,25392,25394,25399,25400,25401,25402,25403,25406,2540739462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO22011451253633106
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl201145625374,25385,25388,25389,25402,254061725
Pyrophyllite  (*)Clay PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2201145125406771
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S82011451253899056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO24191451625365,25366,25367,25370,25371,25373,25374,25377,25382,25385,25387,25388,25389,25394,25399,2540361156
Rozenite  (*)StarkeyiteFe2+(SO4)·4H2O201145125389293
Sauconite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculiteNa0.3Zn3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O20114512536756
Schulenbergite  (*)Ktenasite(Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10·3H2O201145125389142
Serpierite  (*)DevillineCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O201145125389292
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)201145425367,25385,25387,253896417
Simonkolleite  (*)NoneZn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O0012538911
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)4191451925363,25366,25367,25370,25371,25373,25374,25375,25376,25378,25384,25385,25388,25399,25400,25401,25403,25405,254062473
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS4191452425363,25366,25367,25370,25371,25373,25374,25375,25376,25377,25378,25384,25385,25388,25389,25392,25394,25399,25400,25401,25402,25403,25406,2540721482
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS201145525374,25377,25385,25389,254062045
Susannite  (*)NonePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)220114512538999
Tridymite  (*)TridymiteSiO2201145125389458
Vivianite  (*)VivianiteFe2+3(PO4)2·8H2O201145125389636
Willemite  (*)PhenakiteZn2SiO4419145925366,25367,25370,25371,25373,25388,25399,25401,25405303
Wurtzite  (*)WurtziteZnS419299125364372
Zaccagnaite  (*)HydrotalciteZn4Al2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O2011451253856
Zinc  (*)NoneZn20114512538952
Zincite  (*)WurtziteZnO20114512538998


2 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
sedznpb-00052201145Jurassic ?     Yes  301Verviers, Liège, Wallonia, BelgiumVerviersSinger et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1252 
sedexmvt-00036419299Devonian-Carboniferous host rock age      122727Schmalgraf Mine, Kelmis (La Calamine), Plombières-Vieille Montagne-Moresnet (Plombières-Altenberg-Moresnet) Mining District, Verviers, Liège, Wallonia, BelgiumSchmalgrafTaylor et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009_1297 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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