Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

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The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Northern Savonia, Finland

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2615
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1810

mindat Locality ID: 305608
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-305608.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Northern Savonia, Finland": 28
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 17

Number of Child Localities: 11
Child Localities:
Kaavi
Keitele
Kiuruvesi
Kuopio
Kuopio-Kaavi Diamond Field
Lapinlahti
Leppävirta
Pielavesi
Rautalampi
Siilinjärvi
Tuusniemi

Latitude: 63°0'10"N
Longitude: 27°27'29"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 63.002777777778,27.458055555556

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Aeschynite	Alunite	Amphibole	Andalusite	Apatite	Aragonite	Baryte	Beryl	Calcite	Chalcopyrite
Clay	Clinozoisite	Cobaltite	Copper	Corundum	Covellite	Cubanite	Diamond	Djerfisherite	Epidote
Fluorite	Garnet	Halotrichite	Kaolinite	Kornerupine	Lazulite	Mica	Millerite	Monazite	Nickeline
None	Not in a structural group	Olivine	Pentlandite	Perovskite	Pyrite	Pyrophyllite	Pyroxene	Quartz	Rocksalt
Rutile	Serpentine	Smectite-vermiculite	Sphalerite	Spinel	Staurolite	Talc	Tetradymite	Titanite	Tourmaline
Valleriite	Wurtzite	Zircon

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Bi C Ca Ce Cl Co Cr Cu F Fe H K Mg Na Nb Ni O P Pb S Si Sr Te Ti U Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Aeschynite Alunite Amphibole Andalusite Apatite Aragonite Baryte Beryl Calcite Chalcopyrite
Clay Clinozoisite Cobaltite Copper Corundum Covellite Cubanite Diamond Djerfisherite Epidote
Fluorite Garnet Halotrichite Kaolinite Kornerupine Lazulite Mica Millerite Monazite Nickeline
None Not in a structural group Olivine Pentlandite Perovskite Pyrite Pyrophyllite Pyroxene Quartz Rocksalt
Rutile Serpentine Smectite-vermiculite Sphalerite Spinel Staurolite Talc Tetradymite Titanite Tourmaline
Valleriite Wurtzite Zircon

86 IMA Minerals at location:

Actinolite ()*	Almandine ()*	Andalusite ()*	Andradite ()*	Anhydrite ()*
Anthophyllite ()*	Antigorite ()*	Augite ()*	Baryte ()*	Barytolamprophyllite ()*
Bornite ()*	Calcite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Chromite ()*
Cobaltite ()*	Cordierite ()*	Corundum ()*	Covellite ()*	Cubanite ()*
Cummingtonite ()*	Diamond ()*	Diopside ()*	Djerfisherite ()*	Dolomite ()*
Dravite ()*	Epidote ()*	Fayalite ()*	Fluorapatite ()*	Forsterite ()*
Galena ()*	Gedrite ()*	Geikielite ()*	Gold ()*	Graphite ()*
Haapalaite ()*	Halotrichite ()*	Hastingsite ()*	Hedenbergite ()*	Ilmenite ()*
Kaolinite ()*	Kinoshitalite ()*	Kornerupine ()*	Lazulite ()*	Mackinawite ()*
Magnetite ()*	Millerite ()*	Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Monticellite ()*	Montmorillonite ()*
Muscovite ()*	Nioboaeschynite-(Ce) ()*	Gersdorffite-Pa3 ()*	Pentlandite ()*	Perovskite ()*
Phlogopite ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyrope ()*	Pyrophyllite ()*	Pyroxferroite ()*
Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Richterite ()*	Rutile ()*	Sillimanite ()*
Silver ()*	Sphalerite ()*	Spinel ()*	Staurolite ()*	Strontianite ()*
Svanbergite ()*	Talc ()*	Tellurobismuthite ()*	Tetraferriphlogopite ()*	Titanite ()*
Tremolite ()*	Troilite ()*	Tschermakite ()*	Ulvöspinel ()*	Uraninite ()*
Uvarovite ()*	Valleriite ()*	Vermiculite ()*	Violarite ()*	Xonotlite ()*
Zircon ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	1883	1860	3	49970,49976,49980	3419
Almandine ()*	Garnet	Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃			1	49976	2353
Andalusite ()*	Andalusite	Al₂SiO₅			1	49961	1310
Andradite ()*	Garnet	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	1883	1860	1	49970	1534
Anhydrite ()*	Not in a structural group	Ca(SO₄)			1	49974	1588
Anthophyllite ()*	Amphibole	Mg₂Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂			6	49957,49959,49960,49961,49974,49980	718
Antigorite ()*	Serpentine Clay	Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄	2615	1810	1	49978	708
Augite ()*	Pyroxene	(Ca,Mg,Fe)₂Si₂O₆			1	49976	2060
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	2615	1810	5	49957,49960,49961,49974,49978	11547
Barytolamprophyllite ()*	None	(BaK)Ti₂Na₃Ti(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂	2615	1810	1	49978	21
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	2615	1810	2	49970,49978	5516
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	2615	1810	2	49965,49978	27770
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	2615	1810	1	49978	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	2615	1810	8	49957,49959,49960,49961,49970,49971,49974,49978	27198
Chromite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Cr₂O₄			2	49965,49971	3902
Cobaltite ()*	Cobaltite	CoAsS			1	49971	966
Cordierite ()*	Beryl	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈			6	49957,49959,49960,49961,49968,49974	1008
Corundum ()*	Corundum	Al₂O₃			2	49960,49968	1797
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	2615	1810	1	49978	4165
Cubanite ()*	Cubanite Wurtzite	CuFe₂S₃	2615	1810	2	49971,49978	802
Cummingtonite ()*	Amphibole	Mg₂Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	1883	1860	4	49957,49960,49961,49970	327
Diamond ()*	Diamond	C			2	49965,49967	697
Diopside ()*	Pyroxene	CaMgSi₂O₆			2	49957,49965	4135
Djerfisherite ()*	Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl			1	49965	60
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	2615	1810	1	49978	9895
Dravite ()*	Tourmaline	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)			2	49954,49955	648
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)			1	49960	8173
Fayalite ()*	Olivine	Fe²⁺₂(SiO₄)			1	49976	371
Fluorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F			1	49976	2740
Forsterite ()*	Olivine	Mg₂(SiO₄)			1	49965	1188
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS			1	49957	24243
Gedrite ()*	Amphibole	Mg₂(Mg₃Al₂)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂			1	49968	178
Geikielite ()*	Corundum	MgTiO₃			1	49965	70
Gold ()*	Copper	Au			1	49957	30554
Graphite ()*	None	C			2	49980,49981	2812
Haapalaite ()*	Valleriite	2[(Fe,Ni)S]·1.61[(Mg,Fe)(OH)₂]			1	49955	3
Halotrichite ()*	Halotrichite	Fe²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄·22H₂O			1	49963	409
Hastingsite ()*	Amphibole	NaCa₂(Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂			1	49976	209
Hedenbergite ()*	Pyroxene	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆			1	49976	741
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃	1883	1860	6	49960,49965,49968,49970,49971,49976	5433
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄			1	49964	5591
Kinoshitalite ()*	Mica Clay	BaMg₃(Si₂Al₂O₁₀)(OH)₂			1	49965	20
Kornerupine ()*	Kornerupine	(Mg,Fe²⁺,Al, )₁₀(Si,Al,B)₅O₂₁(OH,F)₂			1	49968	68
Lazulite ()*	Lazulite	MgAl₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂			1	49964	232
Mackinawite ()*	None	(Fe,Ni)_1+xS (x = 0-0.07)	1883	1860	2	49970,49971	451
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	2615	1810	7	49959,49960,49961,49965,49970,49971,49978	14899
Millerite ()*	Millerite	NiS	1883	1860	1	49970	1066
Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Monazite	Ce(PO₄)	2615	1810	1	49978	945
Monticellite ()*	Olivine	CaMg(SiO₄)			1	49965	153
Montmorillonite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	(Na,Ca)_0.3(Al,Mg)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O			1	49974	1508
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂			3	49957,49961,49964	17380
Nioboaeschynite-(Ce) ()*	Aeschynite	(Ce,Ca)(Nb,Ti)₂(O,OH)₆	2615	1810	1	49978	17
Gersdorffite-Pa3 ()*	Pyrite	NiAsS	1883	1860	1	49970	767
Pentlandite ()*	Pentlandite	(Ni,Fe)₉S₈	1883	1860	3	49955,49970,49971	1512
Perovskite ()*	Perovskite	CaTiO₃			1	49965	495
Phlogopite ()*	Mica Clay	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	1890	1810	2	49968,49978	2273
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	2615	1810	8	49957,49959,49960,49961,49970,49971,49974,49978	39462
Pyrope ()*	Garnet	Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃			2	49965,49968	341
Pyrophyllite ()*	Clay Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂			1	49964	771
Pyroxferroite ()*	None	Fe²⁺SiO₃			1	49976	17
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	2615	1810	8	49957,49959,49960,49961,49970,49971,49974,49978	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂			6	49957,49960,49961,49964,49968,49976	61156
Richterite ()*	Amphibole	Na(NaCa)Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	2320	2240	2	49965,49978	148
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂			2	49964,49968	5614
Sillimanite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂SiO₅			3	49957,49961,49968	1516
Silver ()*	Copper	Ag			1	49957	5186
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS			6	49957,49959,49960,49961,49971,49974	21482
Spinel ()*	Spinel	MgAl₂O₄			4	49960,49965,49968,49971	1934
Staurolite ()*	Staurolite	Fe²⁺₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)			1	49972	978
Strontianite ()*	Aragonite	Sr(CO₃)	2615	1810	1	49978	589
Svanbergite ()*	Alunite	SrAl₃(SO₄)(PO₄)(OH)₆			1	49964	105
Talc ()*	Clay Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂			2	49968,49980	3337
Tellurobismuthite ()*	Tetradymite	Bi₂Te₃			1	49971	276
Tetraferriphlogopite ()*	Mica	KMg₃(Si₃Fe³⁺)O₁₀(OH)₂	2615	1810	1	49978	27
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O			1	49965	4899
Tremolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_5.0-4.5Fe²⁺_0.0-0.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	1883	1860	3	49957,49970,49980	2562
Troilite ()*	None	FeS	1883	1860	2	49970,49971	1044
Tschermakite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg₃Al₂)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂	1883	1860	1	49970	73
Ulvöspinel ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺₂TiO₄			1	49965	120
Uraninite ()*	Fluorite	UO₂			1	49971	2718
Uvarovite ()*	Garnet	Ca₃Cr₂(SiO₄)₃	1883	1860	1	49970	212
Valleriite ()*	Valleriite	2[(Fe,Cu)S]·1.53[(Mg,Al)(OH)₂]	2615	1810	1	49978	237
Vermiculite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄·8H₂O			1	49980	652
Violarite ()*	Spinel	FeNi₂S₄			1	49971	380
Xonotlite ()*	None	Ca₆Si₆O₁₇(OH)₂			1	49965	109
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)	2615	2603	2	49976,49978	5251

Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:

Age ID	Locality Notes
Jen_0001099	MAGMATIC STYLE: A 16 km long body of carbonatite, glimmerite and syenite, which may extend to 22 km, with a maximum width of about 1 km. It is tabular in form with a 70-90º dip ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Glimmerite, syenite, fenite and lamprophyre dykes.
Jen_0001100	MAGMATIC STYLE: A 16 km long body of carbonatite, glimmerite and syenite, which may extend to 22 km, with a maximum width of about 1 km. It is tabular in form with a 70-90º dip ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Glimmerite, syenite, fenite and lamprophyre dykes.
Jen_0001101	MAGMATIC STYLE: A 16 km long body of carbonatite, glimmerite and syenite, which may extend to 22 km, with a maximum width of about 1 km. It is tabular in form with a 70-90º dip ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Glimmerite, syenite, fenite and lamprophyre dykes.
Michelle_693	Basal Ni-Cu sulfides in mafic-ultramafic intrusion

6 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Sample Source	Dated Mineral	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
EG105_1057_019	1880	1860	1880-1860					Ni, Cu, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Os, Ru	253736	Kotalahti, Leppävirta, Northern Savonia, Finland	Kotalahti	Begg et al. (2010)	10.2113/econgeo.105.6.1057	EG105_1057
Michelle_693	1883	1883	1883		Age of deposit or general age of the metallogenic province			Ni, Cu	253736	Kotalahti, Leppävirta, Northern Savonia, Finland	Kotalahti	Hoatson et al. (2006)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.05.002	OGR29_177	See Table. 1 Global resources of nickel metal and ages of the major nickel sulfide deposits of the world. Age can refer to the age of a specific nickel sulfide deposit, or the general age of the metallogenic province containing nickel deposits that are similar to a dated deposit (e.g. 2705 Ma Komatiite-hosted deposits in the Eastern Goldfields Province).
Jen_0001099	2615	2603	2609±6	U-Pb		zircon	Zircon		22948	Siilinjärvi Mine, Siilinjärvi, Northern Savonia, Finland	Siilinjarvi	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	10.4095/225115	GSCOF5796
Jen_0001100	1890	1810	1850±40	K-Ar		phlogopite	Phlogopite		22948	Siilinjärvi Mine, Siilinjärvi, Northern Savonia, Finland	Siilinjarvi	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	10.4095/225115	GSCOF5796
Jen_0001101	2320	2240	2280±40	K-Ar		richterite	Richterite		22948	Siilinjärvi Mine, Siilinjärvi, Northern Savonia, Finland	Siilinjarvi	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	10.4095/225115	GSCOF5796
ree-00347	2580	2580	Late Archean-- 2580 (U-Pb)	U-Pb					22948	Siilinjärvi Mine, Siilinjärvi, Northern Savonia, Finland	Siilinjarvi	Orris and Grauch (2002)		USGSOFR02_189

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...