Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Northern Savonia, Finland

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2615
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1810

mindat Locality ID: 305608
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-305608.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Northern Savonia, Finland": 28
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 17

Number of Child Localities: 11
Child Localities:
Kaavi
Keitele
Kiuruvesi
Kuopio
Kuopio-Kaavi Diamond Field
Lapinlahti
Leppävirta
Pielavesi
Rautalampi
Siilinjärvi
Tuusniemi

Latitude: 63°0'10"N
Longitude: 27°27'29"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 63.002777777778,27.458055555556
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Bi C Ca Ce Cl Co Cr Cu F Fe H K Mg Na Nb Ni O P Pb S Si Sr Te Ti U Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AeschyniteAluniteAmphiboleAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteBaryteBerylCalciteChalcopyrite
ClayClinozoisiteCobaltiteCopperCorundumCovelliteCubaniteDiamondDjerfisheriteEpidote
FluoriteGarnetHalotrichiteKaoliniteKornerupineLazuliteMicaMilleriteMonaziteNickeline
NoneNot in a structural groupOlivinePentlanditePerovskitePyritePyrophyllitePyroxeneQuartzRocksalt
RutileSerpentineSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelStauroliteTalcTetradymiteTitaniteTourmaline
ValleriiteWurtziteZircon

86 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Almandine  (*)Andalusite  (*)Andradite  (*)Anhydrite  (*)
Anthophyllite  (*)Antigorite  (*)Augite  (*)Baryte  (*)Barytolamprophyllite  (*)
Bornite  (*)Calcite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chromite  (*)
Cobaltite  (*)Cordierite  (*)Corundum  (*)Covellite  (*)Cubanite  (*)
Cummingtonite  (*)Diamond  (*)Diopside  (*)Djerfisherite  (*)Dolomite  (*)
Dravite  (*)Epidote  (*)Fayalite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)Forsterite  (*)
Galena  (*)Gedrite  (*)Geikielite  (*)Gold  (*)Graphite  (*)
Haapalaite  (*)Halotrichite  (*)Hastingsite  (*)Hedenbergite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)
Kaolinite  (*)Kinoshitalite  (*)Kornerupine  (*)Lazulite  (*)Mackinawite  (*)
Magnetite  (*)Millerite  (*)Monazite-(Ce)  (*)Monticellite  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)
Muscovite  (*)Nioboaeschynite-(Ce)  (*)Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)Pentlandite  (*)Perovskite  (*)
Phlogopite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrope  (*)Pyrophyllite  (*)Pyroxferroite  (*)
Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Richterite  (*)Rutile  (*)Sillimanite  (*)
Silver  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Spinel  (*)Staurolite  (*)Strontianite  (*)
Svanbergite  (*)Talc  (*)Tellurobismuthite  (*)Tetraferriphlogopite  (*)Titanite  (*)
Tremolite  (*)Troilite  (*)Tschermakite  (*)Ulvöspinel  (*)Uraninite  (*)
Uvarovite  (*)Valleriite  (*)Vermiculite  (*)Violarite  (*)Xonotlite  (*)
Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)218831860349970,49976,499803419
Almandine  (*)GarnetFe2+3Al2(SiO4)31499762353
Andalusite  (*)AndalusiteAl2SiO51499611310
Andradite  (*)GarnetCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)3188318601499701534
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)1499741588
Anthophyllite  (*)Amphibole   Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2649957,49959,49960,49961,49974,49980718
Antigorite  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)426151810149978708
Augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O61499762060
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)26151810549957,49960,49961,49974,4997811547
Barytolamprophyllite  (*)None(BaK)Ti2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)22615181014997821
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS426151810249970,499785516
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)26151810249965,4997827770
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S261518101499785707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS226151810849957,49959,49960,49961,49970,49971,49974,4997827198
Chromite  (*)SpinelFe2+Cr2O4249965,499713902
Cobaltite  (*)CobaltiteCoAsS149971966
Cordierite  (*)BerylMg2Al4Si5O18649957,49959,49960,49961,49968,499741008
Corundum  (*)CorundumAl2O3249960,499681797
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS261518101499784165
Cubanite  (*)Cubanite WurtziteCuFe2S326151810249971,49978802
Cummingtonite  (*)Amphibole   Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)218831860449957,49960,49961,49970327
Diamond  (*)DiamondC249965,49967697
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O6249957,499654135
Djerfisherite  (*)DjerfisheriteK6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl14996560
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)2261518101499789895
Dravite  (*)TourmalineNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)249954,49955648
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)1499608173
Fayalite  (*)OlivineFe2+2(SiO4)149976371
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F1499762740
Forsterite  (*)OlivineMg2(SiO4)1499651188
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS14995724243
Gedrite  (*)Amphibole   Mg2(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2149968178
Geikielite  (*)CorundumMgTiO314996570
Gold  (*)CopperAu14995730554
Graphite  (*)NoneC249980,499812812
Haapalaite  (*)Valleriite2[(Fe,Ni)S]·1.61[(Mg,Fe)(OH)2]1499553
Halotrichite  (*)HalotrichiteFe2+Al2(SO4)4·22H2O149963409
Hastingsite  (*)AmphiboleNaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2149976209
Hedenbergite  (*)PyroxeneCaFe2+Si2O6149976741
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O318831860649960,49965,49968,49970,49971,499765433
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)41499645591
Kinoshitalite  (*)Mica ClayBaMg3(Si2Al2O10)(OH)214996520
Kornerupine  (*)Kornerupine(Mg,Fe2+,Al,   )10(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH,F)214996868
Lazulite  (*)LazuliteMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2149964232
Mackinawite  (*)None(Fe,Ni)1+xS (x = 0-0.07)18831860249970,49971451
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O426151810749959,49960,49961,49965,49970,49971,4997814899
Millerite  (*)MilleriteNiS188318601499701066
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)MonaziteCe(PO4)26151810149978945
Monticellite  (*)OlivineCaMg(SiO4)149965153
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O1499741508
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2349957,49961,4996417380
Nioboaeschynite-(Ce)  (*)Aeschynite(Ce,Ca)(Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)62615181014997817
Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)PyriteNiAsS18831860149970767
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S818831860349955,49970,499711512
Perovskite  (*)PerovskiteCaTiO3149965495
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)218901810249968,499782273
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS226151810849957,49959,49960,49961,49970,49971,49974,4997839462
Pyrope  (*)GarnetMg3Al2(SiO4)3249965,49968341
Pyrophyllite  (*)Clay PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2149964771
Pyroxferroite  (*)NoneFe2+SiO314997617
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S826151810849957,49959,49960,49961,49970,49971,49974,499789056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2649957,49960,49961,49964,49968,4997661156
Richterite  (*)AmphiboleNa(NaCa)Mg5Si8O22(OH)223202240249965,49978148
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO2249964,499685614
Sillimanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2SiO5349957,49961,499681516
Silver  (*)CopperAg1499575186
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS649957,49959,49960,49961,49971,4997421482
Spinel  (*)SpinelMgAl2O4449960,49965,49968,499711934
Staurolite  (*)StauroliteFe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)149972978
Strontianite  (*)AragoniteSr(CO3)26151810149978589
Svanbergite  (*)AluniteSrAl3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)6149964105
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2249968,499803337
Tellurobismuthite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Te3149971276
Tetraferriphlogopite  (*)MicaKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)22615181014997827
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O1499654899
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)218831860349957,49970,499802562
Troilite  (*)NoneFeS18831860249970,499711044
Tschermakite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)21883186014997073
Ulvöspinel  (*)SpinelFe2+2TiO4149965120
Uraninite  (*)FluoriteUO21499712718
Uvarovite  (*)GarnetCa3Cr2(SiO4)318831860149970212
Valleriite  (*)Valleriite2[(Fe,Cu)S]·1.53[(Mg,Al)(OH)2]26151810149978237
Vermiculite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·8H2O149980652
Violarite  (*)SpinelFeNi2S4149971380
Xonotlite  (*)NoneCa6Si6O17(OH)2149965109
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)26152603249976,499785251


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Jen_0001099MAGMATIC STYLE: A 16 km long body of carbonatite, glimmerite and syenite, which may extend to 22 km, with a maximum width of about 1 km. It is tabular in form with a 70-90º dip ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Glimmerite, syenite, fenite and lamprophyre dykes.
Jen_0001100MAGMATIC STYLE: A 16 km long body of carbonatite, glimmerite and syenite, which may extend to 22 km, with a maximum width of about 1 km. It is tabular in form with a 70-90º dip ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Glimmerite, syenite, fenite and lamprophyre dykes.
Jen_0001101MAGMATIC STYLE: A 16 km long body of carbonatite, glimmerite and syenite, which may extend to 22 km, with a maximum width of about 1 km. It is tabular in form with a 70-90º dip ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Glimmerite, syenite, fenite and lamprophyre dykes.
Michelle_693Basal Ni-Cu sulfides in mafic-ultramafic intrusion


6 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
EG105_1057_019188018601880-1860       Ni, Cu, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Os, Ru253736Kotalahti, Leppävirta, Northern Savonia, FinlandKotalahtiBegg et al. (2010)10.2113/econgeo.105.6.1057EG105_1057 
Michelle_693188318831883 Age of deposit or general age of the metallogenic province     Ni, Cu253736Kotalahti, Leppävirta, Northern Savonia, FinlandKotalahtiHoatson et al. (2006)10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.05.002OGR29_177See Table. 1 Global resources of nickel metal and ages of the major nickel sulfide deposits of the world. Age can refer to the age of a specific nickel sulfide deposit, or the general age of the metallogenic province containing nickel deposits that are similar to a dated deposit (e.g. 2705 Ma Komatiite-hosted deposits in the Eastern Goldfields Province).
Jen_0001099261526032609±6U-Pb zircon   Zircon  22948Siilinjärvi Mine, Siilinjärvi, Northern Savonia, FinlandSiilinjarviWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796 
Jen_0001100189018101850±40K-Ar phlogopite   Phlogopite  22948Siilinjärvi Mine, Siilinjärvi, Northern Savonia, FinlandSiilinjarviWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796 
Jen_0001101232022402280±40K-Ar richterite   Richterite  22948Siilinjärvi Mine, Siilinjärvi, Northern Savonia, FinlandSiilinjarviWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796 
ree-0034725802580Late Archean-- 2580 (U-Pb)U-Pb       22948Siilinjärvi Mine, Siilinjärvi, Northern Savonia, FinlandSiilinjarviOrris and Grauch (2002) USGSOFR02_189 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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