Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Cajamarca, Peru

Oldest recorded age at locality: 318
Youngest recorded age at locality: 8

mindat Locality ID: 31207
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-31207.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Cajamarca, Peru": 50
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 32

Number of Child Localities: 12
Child Localities:
Cajamarca Province
Celendín Province
Chota
Cospán
Cutervo Province
El Ferrol Canteras
Hualgayoc Province
Jaén Province
Jucud Mines
San Pablo Province
Sayapulla Mines
Yanacocha District

Latitude: 6°37'1"S
Longitude: 78°46'43"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -6.6169444444444,-78.778611111111

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Acanthite	Allophane	Alunite	Amorphous	Amphibole	Andalusite	Arsenic	Arsenopyrite	Baryte	Brochantite
Calcite	Chalcopyrite	Chlorite	Clay	Clinozoisite	Columbite	Copper	Corundum	Covellite	Cristobalite
Cubanite	Diaspore	Digenite	Enargite	Epidote	Feldspar	Fluorite	Garnet	Gypsum	Kaolinite
Malachite	Marcasite	Melanterite	Meneghinite	Mica	Molybdenite	Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group	Orpiment
Pyrite	Pyrophyllite	Pyroxene	Quartz	Rhodonite	Rocksalt	Rutile	Scheelite	Sphalerite	Spinel
Stannite	Sulphur	Talc	Tetrahedrite	Tridymite	Wollastonite	Wurtzite

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au Ba Bi C Ca Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Mo Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Sr Ti W Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Acanthite Allophane Alunite Amorphous Amphibole Andalusite Arsenic Arsenopyrite Baryte Brochantite
Calcite Chalcopyrite Chlorite Clay Clinozoisite Columbite Copper Corundum Covellite Cristobalite
Cubanite Diaspore Digenite Enargite Epidote Feldspar Fluorite Garnet Gypsum Kaolinite
Malachite Marcasite Melanterite Meneghinite Mica Molybdenite Nickeline None Not in a structural group Orpiment
Pyrite Pyrophyllite Pyroxene Quartz Rhodonite Rocksalt Rutile Scheelite Sphalerite Spinel
Stannite Sulphur Talc Tetrahedrite Tridymite Wollastonite Wurtzite

75 IMA Minerals at location:

Acanthite ()*	Actinolite ()*	Aikinite ()*	Alabandite ()*	Albite ()*
Alunite ()*	Anatase ()*	Andalusite ()*	Anhydrite ()*	Arsenic ()*
Arsenopyrite ()*	Baryte ()*	Beudantite ()*	Bornite ()*	Brochantite ()*
Calcite ()*	Cassiterite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Chamosite ()*
Chrysocolla ()*	Copper ()*	Covellite ()*	Cristobalite ()*	Diaspore ()*
Dickite ()*	Digenite ()*	Diopside ()*	Dolomite ()*	Enargite ()*
Epidote ()*	Fluorite ()*	Galena ()*	Gibbsite ()*	Goethite ()*
Gold ()*	Gratonite ()*	Grossular ()*	Gypsum ()*	Halloysite-7Å ()*
Hematite ()*	Hübnerite ()*	Jarosite ()*	Kaolinite ()*	Kosnarite ()*
Luzonite ()*	Mackinawite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Malachite ()*	Marcasite ()*
Melanterite ()*	Molybdenite ()*	Muscovite ()*	Opal ()*	Orpiment ()*
Orthoclase ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyrolusite ()*	Pyrophyllite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*
Quartz ()*	Rhodochrosite ()*	Rhodonite ()*	Rutile ()*	Scheelite ()*
Sphalerite ()*	Stephanite ()*	Sternbergite ()*	Sulphur ()*	Svanbergite ()*
Talc ()*	Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tridymite ()*	Wollastonite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite ()*	Acanthite	Ag₂S	10.9	10.9	1	96084	2793
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	15.89	10	2	96060,96069	3419
Aikinite ()*	Meneghinite	CuPbBiS₃	20.17	19.87	1	96056	315
Alabandite ()*	Rocksalt	MnS	20.17	19.87	1	96056	312
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	20.17	19.87	1	96056	8803
Alunite ()*	None	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	20.17	10	12	96046,96048,96056,96058,96059,96069,96073,96081,96082,96084,96087,96089	966
Anatase ()*	Not in a structural group	TiO₂			1	96048	2162
Andalusite ()*	Andalusite	Al₂SiO₅	14	8	2	96069,96072	1310
Anhydrite ()*	Not in a structural group	Ca(SO₄)	20.17	10	3	96056,96060,96069	1588
Arsenic ()*	Arsenic	As	20.17	19.87	1	96056	379
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	20.17	16.5	2	96056,96058	9052
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	20.17	10.9	5	96046,96048,96056,96081,96084	11547
Beudantite ()*	Alunite	PbFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	10.9	10.9	1	96084	413
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	20.17	8	8	96056,96058,96060,96061,96062,96069,96072,96076	5516
Brochantite ()*	Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆	17.5	16.5	1	96058	1633
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	17.5	10.9	4	96058,96060,96076,96084	27770
Cassiterite ()*	Rutile	SnO₂	10.9	10.9	1	96084	5171
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	20.17	8	9	96056,96058,96061,96062,96069,96072,96076,96077,96084	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	318	8	11	96049,96056,96058,96060,96061,96062,96069,96072,96073,96076,96077	27198
Chamosite ()*	Chlorite Clay	(Fe²⁺,Mg,Al,Fe³⁺)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH,O)₈			1	96050	577
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O	17.5	16.5	1	96058	3531
Copper ()*	Copper	Cu	17.5	16.5	1	96058	3846
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	20.17	8	11	96056,96058,96061,96062,96069,96072,96073,96076,96077,96084,96089	4165
Cristobalite ()*	Cristobalite	SiO₂			2	96046,96048	453
Diaspore ()*	Diaspore	AlO(OH)	318	8	4	96069,96072,96073,96084	481
Dickite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	10.9	10.9	1	96084	651
Digenite ()*	Digenite	Cu_1.8S	17.5	16.5	2	96058,96077	1027
Diopside ()*	Pyroxene	CaMgSi₂O₆	15.89	15.46	1	96060	4135
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	10.9	10.9	1	96084	9895
Enargite ()*	Enargite Wurtzite	Cu₃AsS₄	20.17	8	5	96056,96069,96072,96073,96084	910
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	17.5	10	5	96058,96060,96061,96069,96077	8173
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂	17.5	16.5	1	96058	9617
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	20.17	10.9	2	96056,96084	24243
Gibbsite ()*	None	Al(OH)₃			1	96047	504
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	10.9	10.9	2	96077,96084	7437
Gold ()*	Copper	Au	17.5	10.9	8	96058,96059,96060,96073,96084,96087,96089,96091	30554
Gratonite ()*	None	Pb₉As₄S₁₅	10.9	10.9	1	96091	24
Grossular ()*	Garnet	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	15.89	15.46	1	96060	1544
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	20.17	19.87	1	96056	6890
Halloysite-7Å ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄			1	96046	52
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	20.17	10.9	6	96056,96058,96059,96060,96077,96084	14640
Hübnerite ()*	Columbite	Mn²⁺(WO₄)	20.17	19.87	1	96056	469
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	20.17	10.9	3	96056,96077,96084	2228
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	20.17	10	17	96045,96046,96047,96048,96049,96050,96052,96053,96056,96058,96059,96069,96077,96081,96082,96084,96087	5591
Kosnarite ()*	None	KZr₂(PO₄)₃	10.9	10.9	1	96091	7
Luzonite ()*	Stannite Sphalerite	Cu₃AsS₄	20.17	19.87	1	96056	198
Mackinawite ()*	None	(Fe,Ni)_1+xS (x = 0-0.07)	17.5	16.5	1	96058	451
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	20.17	8	9	96049,96056,96058,96060,96061,96062,96069,96072,96076	14899
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	20.17	16.5	3	96056,96058,96077	12537
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂	20.17	19.87	1	96056	5674
Melanterite ()*	Melanterite	Fe(SO₄)·7H₂O			1	96067	915
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂	318	8	9	96056,96058,96059,96060,96069,96072,96073,96076,96077	5800
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	318	8	14	96048,96049,96052,96053,96056,96058,96059,96060,96069,96072,96073,96076,96077,96084	17380
Opal ()*	Amorphous	SiO₂·nH₂O			2	96044,96046	2994
Orpiment ()*	Orpiment	As₂S₃	10.9	10.9	1	96084	511
Orthoclase ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)	20.17	19.87	1	96056	2349
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	318	8	16	96049,96056,96058,96060,96061,96062,96067,96069,96072,96073,96076,96077,96081,96084,96087,96091	39462
Pyrolusite ()*	Rutile	MnO₂			1	96070	3106
Pyrophyllite ()*	Clay Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	20.17	8	6	96056,96059,96069,96072,96073,96084	771
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	20.17	8	3	96056,96058,96072	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	20.17	10.9	15	96045,96047,96050,96052,96053,96056,96058,96060,96061,96062,96064,96084,96087,96089,96091	61156
Rhodochrosite ()*	Calcite	Mn(CO₃)	20.17	10.9	2	96056,96084	1711
Rhodonite ()*	Rhodonite	CaMn₃Mn(Si₅O₁₅)	20.17	19.87	1	96056	969
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂	14	10	3	96069,96084,96091	5614
Scheelite ()*	Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)	20.17	19.87	1	96056	4894
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	20.17	10.9	2	96056,96084	21482
Stephanite ()*	None	Ag₅SbS₄	20.17	19.87	1	96056	586
Sternbergite ()*	Cubanite	AgFe₂S₃	20.17	19.87	1	96056	62
Sulphur ()*	Sulphur	S	10.9	10.9	1	96084	2045
Svanbergite ()*	Alunite	SrAl₃(SO₄)(PO₄)(OH)₆			2	96045,96047	105
Talc ()*	Clay Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	20.17	19.87	1	96056	3337
Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂)As₄S₁₃	14	8	4	96069,96072,96078,96084	1803
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃			1	96078	5317
Tridymite ()*	Tridymite	SiO₂			1	96046	458
Wollastonite ()*	Wollastonite	CaSiO₃	14	10	1	96069	1247

9 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID
PorphCu-00219	20.17	19.87	20.02±0.15	Ar-Ar	Aikinite, Alabandite, Alunite, Anhydrite, Arsenic, Arsenopyrite, Bornite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Covellite, Enargite, Galena, Gypsum, Hematite, Jarosite, Kaolinite, Magnetite, Marcasite, Molybdenite, Pyrite, Pyrophyllite, Pyrrhotite, Rhodochrosite, Rhodonite, Scheelite, Sphalerite, Stephanite, Sternbergite, Talc	Cu	191972	Michiquillay Cu-Au-Mo Deposit, Lucmapampa, Celendín Province, Cajamarca, Peru	Michiquillay	Singer et al. (2008)		USGSOFR2008_1155
PorphCu-00218	17.5	16.5	17.5–16.5		Alunite, Bornite, Brochantite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Chrysocolla, Copper, Covellite, Digenite, Kaolinite, Mackinawite, Magnetite, Malachite, Molybdenite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite	Cu	191971	El Galeno Cu-Au-Mo Deposit, Quisquimayoc, Celendín Province, Cajamarca, Peru	El Galeno	Singer et al. (2008)		USGSOFR2008_1155
PorphCu-00220	15.89	15.46	15.80±0.09 – 15.58±0.12 (Ar-Ar)		Alunite, Bornite, Chalcopyrite, Covellite, Epidote, Gold, Hematite, Magnetite, Pyrite, Pyrophyllite	Cu	191973	Minas Conga, Quisquimayoc, Celendín Province, Cajamarca, Peru	Minas Conga	Singer et al. (2008)		USGSOFR2008_1155
PorphCu-00540	14	10	14–10		Actinolite, Alunite, Andalusite, Anhydrite, Bornite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Covellite, Diaspore, Enargite, Epidote, Kaolinite, Magnetite, Molybdenite, Pyrite, Pyrophyllite, Rutile, Wollastonite	Cu	207057	La Granja Cu Deposit, Cutervo Province, Cajamarca, Peru	La Granja	Singer et al. (2008)		USGSOFR2008_1155
sedznpb-00366	12.8	12	12.4±0.4				210538	Hualgayoc Province, Cajamarca, Peru	Hualgayoc	Singer et al. (2009)		USGSOFR2009-1252
PorphCu-00520	13	8	13–8		Andalusite, Bornite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Covellite, Diaspore, Enargite, Magnetite, Molybdenite, Pyrite, Pyrophyllite, Pyrrhotite	Cu	206943	Cerro Corona, Hualgayoc Province, Cajamarca, Peru	Cerro Corona	Singer et al. (2008)		USGSOFR2008_1155
PorphCu-00533	14.3	12.4	14.3 – 12.4		Alunite, Chalcopyrite, Covellite, Enargite, Gold, Pyrite, Pyrophyllite	Cu	206958	Tantahuatay Cu Deposit, Hualgayoc Province, Cajamarca, Peru	Tantahuatay	Singer et al. (2008)		USGSOFR2008_1155
PorphCu-00534	318	251	Late Carboniferous–Permian		Albite, Bismuthinite, Chalcopyrite, Epidote, Hematite, Molybdenite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite	Cu	206958	Tantahuatay Cu Deposit, Hualgayoc Province, Cajamarca, Peru	Tekeli	Singer et al. (2008)		USGSOFR2008_1155
AJES44_373-00019	10.9	10.9	10.9			Au	191970	Yanacocha Mine, Yanacocha District, Cajamarca, Peru	Yanacocha	Sillitoe (1997)	10.1080/08120099708728318	AJES44_373

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...