Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2700
Youngest recorded age at locality: 524

mindat Locality ID: 31776
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-31776.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe": 73
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 59

Number of Child Localities: 8
Child Localities:
Chegutu District
Kadoma District
Kariba District
Karoi District (Urungwe; Hurungwe District)
Makonde District (Lomagundi District)
Muriel Mine
Zambezi Belt
Zambezi Valley

Latitude: 17°29'30"S
Longitude: 30°1'48"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -17.491666666667,30.03
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Be Bi C Ca Cl Co Cr Cu F Fe H Hg K Li Mg Mn Mo N Na Nb Ni O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Ta Te Ti U W Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AdeliteAllophaneAlluauditeAluniteAmphiboleAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArrojaditeArsenic
ArsenopyriteBaryteBerylBismutiteBixbyiteBrochantiteBruciteCalciteCancrinite-sodaliteChalcanthite
ChalcopyriteClayClinozoisiteCobaltiteCopperCoronaditeCorundumCovelliteCubaniteDiaspore
DigeniteDumortieriteEpidoteEpsomiteFeldsparFluoriteGarnetGraftoniteGypsumKaolinite
KornerupineLazuliteLepidocrociteMalachiteMarcasiteMatlockiteMelanteriteMeloniteMicaMolybdenite
NickelineNoneNot in a structural groupOlivinePentlanditePharmacosideritePyriteQuartzRocksaltRutile
ScheeliteSodaliteSphaleriteSpinelStarkeyiteStibniteTalcTitaniteTopazTourmaline
TripliteValleriiteVeszelyiteWurtziteZircon

152 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Adamite  (*)Albite  (*)Alluaudite  (*)Almandine  (*)
Altaite  (*)Alunite  (*)Andalusite  (*)Anglesite  (*)Anhydrite  (*)
Ankerite  (*)Anorthite  (*)Anthophyllite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Arrojadite-(KFe)  (*)
Arsenopyrite  (*)Azurite  (*)Bayldonite  (*)Beaverite-(Cu)  (*)Beryl  (*)
Beudantite  (*)Bieberite  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bismutite  (*)Bixbyite  (*)
Bornite  (*)Brazilianite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Brucite  (*)Calcite  (*)
Cassiterite  (*)Cerussite  (*)Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)
Chromite  (*)Chrysoberyl  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Cinnabar  (*)Clinoclase  (*)
Cobaltite  (*)Coloradoite  (*)Copper  (*)Cordierite  (*)Cornwallite  (*)
Coronadite  (*)Corundum  (*)Covellite  (*)Cubanite  (*)Cummingtonite  (*)
Cuprite  (*)Digenite  (*)Dioptase  (*)Dolomite  (*)Dravite  (*)
Duftite  (*)Dumortierite  (*)Elbaite  (*)Epidote  (*)Euclase  (*)
Fluorapatite  (*)Galena  (*)Gedrite  (*)Goethite  (*)Gold  (*)
Goslarite  (*)Graftonite  (*)Grandidierite  (*)Graphite  (*)Gypsum  (*)
Hematite  (*)Hemimorphite  (*)Hercynite  (*)Hessite  (*)Hetaerolite  (*)
Hidalgoite  (*)Hydromagnesite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Jarosite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)
Kornerupine  (*)Kostovite  (*)Kyanite  (*)Lavendulan  (*)Lazulite  (*)
Legrandite  (*)Lepidocrocite  (*)Litharge  (*)Mackinawite  (*)Magnesite  (*)
Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Matlockite  (*)Melanterite  (*)
Melonite  (*)Microcline  (*)Mimetite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)Muscovite  (*)
Olivenite  (*)Orthoclase  (*)Osarizawaite  (*)Pentahydrite  (*)Pentlandite  (*)
Petzite  (*)Pharmacosiderite  (*)Philipsbornite  (*)Plumbojarosite  (*)Prismatine  (*)
Pyrite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Rickardite  (*)
Rosasite  (*)Rouaite  (*)Rutile  (*)Scheelite  (*)Schorl  (*)
Scorodite  (*)Siderite  (*)Siderophyllite  (*)Sillimanite  (*)Silver  (*)
Smithsonite  (*)Smythite  (*)Sodalite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Spinel  (*)
Starkeyite  (*)Stibnite  (*)Strengite  (*)Stützite  (*)Sylvanite  (*)
Talc  (*)Tellurium  (*)Tenorite  (*)Titanite  (*)Topaz  (*)
Tremolite  (*)Triplite  (*)Uraninite  (*)Valleriite  (*)Veszelyite  (*)
Violarite  (*)Weissite  (*)Werdingite  (*)Yoderite  (*)Zimbabweite  (*)
Zircon  (*)Zoisite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)22700270012953163419
Adamite  (*)AndalusiteZn2(AsO4)(OH)270027001295316254
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)2295335,2953398803
Alluaudite  (*)Alluaudite   NaMnFe3+2(PO4)3129533594
Almandine  (*)GarnetFe2+3Al2(SiO4)312953452353
Altaite  (*)RocksaltPbTe270027001295307489
Alunite  (*)NoneKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6270027001295316966
Andalusite  (*)AndalusiteAl2SiO52295320,2953271310
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)2700270012953162734
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)2136125012953581588
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)22700270012953163092
Anorthite  (*)FeldsparCa(Al2Si2O8)12953241036
Anthophyllite  (*)Amphibole   Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2270027001295316718
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)125012503295355,295357,2953613250
Arrojadite-(KFe)  (*)Arrojadite(KNa)Fe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)24295321,295338,295343,29534750
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS270027004295303,295307,295316,2953179052
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2270027004295308,295316,295348,2953595509
Bayldonite  (*)NoneCu3PbO(AsO3OH)2(OH)2270027001295316172
Beaverite-(Cu)  (*)AlunitePb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6270027001295316132
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O1813295319,295320,295322,295323,295327,295328,295330,295335,295339,295342,295344,295345,2953464286
Beudantite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6270027001295316413
Bieberite  (*)MelanteriteCo(SO4)·7H2O27002700129531650
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi2700270012953161966
Bismutite  (*)BismutiteBi2O2(CO3)270027001295316716
Bixbyite  (*)BixbyiteMn3+2O3226212501295348104
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS4270012507295316,295349,295351,295357,295358,295364,2953655516
Brazilianite  (*)Not in a structural groupNaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4129532059
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)62700270012953161633
Brucite  (*)BruciteMg(OH)22295352,295361462
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)270012502295316,29535827770
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO2270027002295316,2953205171
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)2700270012953164979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O270027001295316925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S270012506295316,295349,295351,295357,295358,2953645707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS22700125011295303,295307,295309,295314,295316,295349,295351,295357,295358,295364,29536527198
Chromite  (*)SpinelFe2+Cr2O4270027002295314,2953603902
Chrysoberyl  (*)OlivineBeAl2O43295320,295327,295345321
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O270027004295316,295350,295359,2953613531
Cinnabar  (*)NoneHgS2700270012953152600
Clinoclase  (*)NoneCu3(AsO4)(OH)3270027001295316127
Cobaltite  (*)CobaltiteCoAsS270027001295316966
Coloradoite  (*)SphaleriteHgTe270027001295307169
Copper  (*)CopperCu270012503295316,295349,2953573846
Cordierite  (*)BerylMg2Al4Si5O183295324,295325,2953261008
Cornwallite  (*)NoneCu5(AsO4)2(OH)4270027001295316175
Coronadite  (*)CoronaditePb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16270027001295316227
Corundum  (*)CorundumAl2O312953241797
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS270012503295314,295316,2953654165
Cubanite  (*)Cubanite WurtziteCuFe2S3270027001295316802
Cummingtonite  (*)Amphibole   Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2270027001295316327
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O2700270012953162970
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S270012502295316,2953651027
Dioptase  (*)NoneCuSiO3·H2O125012506295318,295349,295353,295359,295362,295363164
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)22700270012953169895
Dravite  (*)TourmalineNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)5585241295368648
Duftite  (*)AdelitePbCu(AsO4)(OH)270027001295316220
Dumortierite  (*)DumortieriteAlAl6BSi3O181295320231
Elbaite  (*)TourmalineNa(Al1.5Li1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)1295339520
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)270027002295316,2953208173
Euclase  (*)NoneBeAlSiO4(OH)8295327,295332,295334,295336,295339,295340,295341,295345120
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F4295320,295327,295342,2953442740
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS270012503295307,295316,29536524243
Gedrite  (*)Amphibole   Mg2(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)25585241295368178
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)270027003295314,295316,2953327437
Gold  (*)CopperAu2700125011295300,295301,295302,295303,295305,295306,295307,295309,295313,295317,29535830554
Goslarite  (*)EpsomiteZn(SO4)·7H2O270027001295316188
Graftonite  (*)GraftoniteFe2+Fe2+2(PO4)21295321107
Grandidierite  (*)NoneMgAl3O2(BO3)(SiO4)129532440
Graphite  (*)NoneC270027002295300,2953162812
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O2700270012953166890
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3270052411295307,295314,295316,295332,295349,295351,295357,295358,295364,295368,29536914640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O2700270012953161689
Hercynite  (*)SpinelFe2+Al2O41295324407
Hessite  (*)NoneAg2Te270027001295307804
Hetaerolite  (*)SpinelZnMn3+2O427002700129531673
Hidalgoite  (*)AlunitePbAl3(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)627002700129531657
Hydromagnesite  (*)NoneMg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O1295360341
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O3270027002295316,2953245433
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)62700270012953162228
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)412953395591
Kornerupine  (*)Kornerupine(Mg,Fe2+,Al,   )10(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH,F)2129532468
Kostovite  (*)NoneAuCuTe427002700129530721
Kyanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2OSiO45585242295320,2953681507
Lavendulan  (*)NoneNaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl·5H2O270027001295316149
Lazulite  (*)LazuliteMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)21295320232
Legrandite  (*)NoneZn2(AsO4)(OH)·H2O27002700129531620
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)270027001295316581
Litharge  (*)NonePbO270027001295316139
Mackinawite  (*)None(Fe,Ni)1+xS (x = 0-0.07)270027001295316451
Magnesite  (*)CalciteMg(CO3)2700257912953041487
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4270027003295314,295316,29532414899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2270027003295308,295316,29535912537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS2270027002295314,2953165674
Matlockite  (*)MatlockitePbClF27002700129531629
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O270027001295316915
Melonite  (*)MeloniteNiTe2270027001295307207
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)2295335,2953394924
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl2700270012953161107
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS21250125012953655800
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2270027007295316,295320,295331,295332,295335,295339,29534217380
Olivenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(AsO4)(OH)270027001295316492
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)12953202349
Osarizawaite  (*)AlunitePb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)627002700129531664
Pentahydrite  (*)ChalcanthiteMg(SO4)·5H2O27002700129531632
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S82700270012953141512
Petzite  (*)NoneAg3AuTe2270027001295307409
Pharmacosiderite  (*)PharmacosideriteKFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·6-7H2O270027001295316428
Philipsbornite  (*)AlunitePbAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)627002700129531651
Plumbojarosite  (*)AlunitePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6270027001295316477
Prismatine  (*)Kornerupine(Mg,Al,Fe)6Al4(Si,Al)4(B,Si,Al)(O,OH,F)22129532410
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS22700125011295300,295301,295303,295307,295309,295316,295317,295351,295357,295358,29536439462
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl2700270012953161725
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S8270027004295301,295303,295314,2953169056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2270052419295300,295301,295303,295309,295314,295315,295316,295321,295322,295327,295332,295335,295339,295349,295358,295360,295365,295368,29537161156
Rickardite  (*)NoneCu3-xTe227002700129530752
Rosasite  (*)MalachiteCuZn(CO3)(OH)2270027001295316454
Rouaite  (*)NoneCu2(NO3)(OH)327002700129531611
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO227005242295316,2953685614
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)2700270012953174894
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)2295327,2953612705
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O2700270012953161153
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)270027002295314,2953166417
Siderophyllite  (*)MicaKFe2+2Al(Si2Al2)O10(OH)227002700129531692
Sillimanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2SiO512953241516
Silver  (*)CopperAg1250125012953655186
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)2700270012953162473
Smythite  (*)None(Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x ≈ 0-0.3)27002700129531477
Sodalite  (*)Cancrinite-sodalite SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl2295320,295327444
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS270012504295303,295307,295316,29536521482
Spinel  (*)SpinelMgAl2O412953241934
Starkeyite  (*)StarkeyiteMg(SO4)·4H2O27002700129531679
Stibnite  (*)StibniteSb2S3270027002295309,2953173418
Strengite  (*)NoneFe3+(PO4)·2H2O1295321263
Stützite  (*)NoneAg5-xTe3 (x = 0.24-0.36)27002700129530792
Sylvanite  (*)MeloniteAgAuTe4270027001295307337
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)227005242295316,2953683337
Tellurium  (*)NoneTe270027001295307190
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO2700270012953161101
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O2700270012953164899
Topaz  (*)TopazAl2SiO4F24295322,295327,295339,2953441476
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)2270027002295316,2953462562
Triplite  (*)TripliteMn2+2(PO4)F226212502295320,295348233
Uraninite  (*)FluoriteUO22295321,2953272718
Valleriite  (*)Valleriite2[(Fe,Cu)S]·1.53[(Mg,Al)(OH)2]270027001295316237
Veszelyite  (*)Veszelyite(Cu,Zn)2Zn(PO4)(OH)3·2H2O27002700129531620
Violarite  (*)SpinelFeNi2S4270027001295314380
Weissite  (*)NoneCu2-xTe27002700129530731
Werdingite  (*)NoneMg2Al14Si4B4O372295320,2953248
Yoderite  (*)None(MgAl3)(MgAl)Al2O2(SiO4)4(OH)255852412953682
Zimbabweite  (*)NoneNa(Pb,Na,K)2(Ta,Nb,Ti)4As4O1812953391
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)12953245251
Zoisite  (*)EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)2700270012953161025


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Michelle_702Stratabound PGEs-Ni-Cu sulfides in mafic-ultramafic intrusion


14 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Hg-0005327002700 Pb-Pb     ColoradoiteHg10977Commoner Mine, Kadoma District, Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe Twemlow (1984) G82_469 
Michelle_702259525792587±8 Age of deposit or general age of the metallogenic province     Ni, Cu31182Ngezi Mine, Mhondoro, Kadoma District, Mashonaland West, ZimbabweGreat DikeHoatson et al. (2006)10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.05.002OGR29_177See Table. 1 Global resources of nickel metal and ages of the major nickel sulfide deposits of the world. Age can refer to the age of a specific nickel sulfide deposit, or the general age of the metallogenic province containing nickel deposits that are similar to a dated deposit (e.g. 2705 Ma Komatiite-hosted deposits in the Eastern Goldfields Province).
JAES40_281_0001226222582260 ± 2U-Pbhost rockzircon   Zircon  28042Alaska Mine (incl. Hans Mine; Angwa Mine), Makonde District (Lomagundi District), Mashonaland West, ZimbabweChimbadzi Hill intrusionManyeruke (2004) JAES40_281 
SAJG98_52_0001196219291945.5 ± 16.5U-Pbhost rockzircon   Zircon  28042Alaska Mine (incl. Hans Mine; Angwa Mine), Makonde District (Lomagundi District), Mashonaland West, ZimbabweAlaska MineMunyanyiwa (1995) SAJG98_52 
sedcu-0078512501250Mid Proterozoic       Cu28042Alaska Mine (incl. Hans Mine; Angwa Mine), Makonde District (Lomagundi District), Mashonaland West, ZimbabweAlaskaCox et al. (2003) USGSOFR03_107 
sedcu-0078312501250Mid Proterozoic       Cu212970Avondale Mine, Makonde District (Lomagundi District), Mashonaland West, ZimbabweAvondale-(see Shackelton)Cox et al. (2003) USGSOFR03_107 
sedcu-0078012501250Mid Proterozoic       Cu15217Mangula Mine, Mhangura, Makonde District (Lomagundi District), Mashonaland West, ZimbabweMangulaCox et al. (2003) USGSOFR03_107 
JAG45_11_0001213621082122 ± 14U-Pbhost rockzircon   Zircon  16404Miriam Mine (Norah Mine), Mhangura, Makonde District (Lomagundi District), Mashonaland West, ZimbabweMagondi supergroup, ZimbabweHohndorf (1999) JAG45_11 
PHD_UW_91_0001210021002100Pb-Pbmineralizationgalena   Galena  16404Miriam Mine (Norah Mine), Mhangura, Makonde District (Lomagundi District), Mashonaland West, ZimbabweMiriam MineMaster (1991) PHD_UW_91 
sedcu-0078112501250Mid Proterozoic       Cu16404Miriam Mine (Norah Mine), Mhangura, Makonde District (Lomagundi District), Mashonaland West, ZimbabweNorahCox et al. (2003) USGSOFR03_107 
sedcu-0078412501250Mid Proterozoic       Cu212971Shackleton Mine, Makonde District (Lomagundi District), Mashonaland West, ZimbabweShackletonCox et al. (2003) USGSOFR03_107 
sedcu-0078212501250Mid Proterozoic       Cu212969Silverside Cu-Ag Deposit (incl. Old Hat Mine; Manchester Mine; Shebaside Mine), Makonde District (Lomagundi District), Mashonaland West, ZimbabweSilversideCox et al. (2003) USGSOFR03_107 
Bradley_2012_078526524525±1U/Pb monazite     284392Zambezi Belt, Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe[Zambezi Belt]McCauley and Bradley (2014)10.3749/canmin.52.2.183CM52_183 
Bradley_2012_084558556557±1U/Pb zircon   Zircon  284392Zambezi Belt, Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe[Zambezi Belt]McCauley and Bradley (2014)10.3749/canmin.52.2.183CM52_183 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

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