Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Gwynedd, Wales, UK


mindat Locality ID: 4566
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-4566.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Gwynedd, Wales, UK": 146
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 90

Number of Child Localities: 25
Child Localities:
Bangor
Barmouth
Beddgelert
Bethesda
Betws Garmon
Blaenau Ffestiniog
Cader Idris (Cadair Idris)
Central Snowdonia
Clynnog
Dinas Mawddwy
Dolgellau Gold Belt
Dyfi Forest
Harlech
Llanberis
Llandecwyn
Llanfrothen
Llanycil
Lleyn Peninsula
Mt Snowdon
Nantlle Vale
Prenteg
Rhyd-Ddu
Tremadoc (Tremadog)
Tywyn
Waunfawr

Latitude: 52°56'43"N
Longitude: 4°3'27"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 52.945277777778,-4.0575
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Bi C Ca Ce Cl Co Cu F Fe H K Li Mg Mn Mo Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Si Sr Te Ti Y Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllaniteAllophaneAmorphousAmphiboleAnalcimeApatiteAragoniteArsenicArsenopyriteAtacamite
AxiniteBaryteBixbyiteBournoniteBrochantiteBrookiteBruciteCalciteChalcoalumiteChalcophyllite
ChalcopyriteChloriteClayClinozoisiteCobaltiteConnelliteCopperCoronaditeCorrensiteCorundum
CovelliteDanburiteDevillineDiasporeEnargiteEpidoteEttringiteFeldsparGarnetGypsum
HalotrichiteHarmotomeHumiteHydrotalciteKaoliniteLanthaniteLinariteMalachiteMarcasiteMelanterite
MicaMilleriteMolybdeniteMonaziteNatroliteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupOlivinePectolite
PentlanditePrehnitePyritePyrosmalitePyroxeneQuartzRhodoniteRocksaltRutileScheelite
SerpentineSphaleriteSpinelStibniteStilpnomelaneSulphurTetradymiteTetrahedriteThomsoniteTitanite
TyroliteVivianiteWoodwarditeWurtziteZircon

157 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Albite  (*)Aleksite  (*)Allanite-(Ce)  (*)Alleghanyite  (*)
Allophane  (*)Altaite  (*)Analcime  (*)Anatase  (*)Anglesite  (*)
Ankerite  (*)Annabergite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Atacamite  (*)
Axinite-(Fe)  (*)Azurite  (*)Banalsite  (*)Bannisterite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Birnessite  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bismuthinite  (*)Bixbyite  (*)Bornite  (*)
Botallackite  (*)Boulangerite  (*)Bournonite  (*)Brinrobertsite  (*)Brochantite  (*)
Brookite  (*)Calcite  (*)Caryopilite  (*)Celsian  (*)Cerussite  (*)
Chalcoalumite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcophyllite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chamosite  (*)
Chrysocolla  (*)Clinochlore  (*)Clinozoisite  (*)Cobaltite  (*)Connellite  (*)
Copper  (*)Cotunnite  (*)Covellite  (*)Cryptomelane  (*)Cumengeite  (*)
Cuprite  (*)Cymrite  (*)Devilline  (*)Dolomite  (*)Enargite  (*)
Enstatite  (*)Epidote  (*)Epidote-(Sr)  (*)Erythrite  (*)Feitknechtite  (*)
Felsőbányaite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)Forsterite  (*)Franklinphilite  (*)Galena  (*)
Ganophyllite  (*)Georgeite  (*)Gibbsite  (*)Goethite  (*)Gold  (*)
Graphite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Halotrichite  (*)Harmotome  (*)Hausmannite  (*)
Hedleyite  (*)Hematite  (*)Hemimorphite  (*)Hessite  (*)Hollandite  (*)
Halloysite-10Å  (*)Hydrozincite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Jacobsite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)
Kellyite  (*)Langite  (*)Lanthanite-(Ce)  (*)Linarite  (*)Lithiophorite  (*)
Mackinawite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Manganite  (*)Manganosite  (*)
Marcasite  (*)Matildite  (*)Melanterite  (*)Millerite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)Monohydrocalcite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Natrolite  (*)Neotocite  (*)
Orthoclase  (*)Paracelsian  (*)Paragonite  (*)Pectolite  (*)Pennantite  (*)
Pentlandite  (*)Phlogopite  (*)Phosgenite  (*)Pickeringite  (*)Piemontite  (*)
Piemontite-(Sr)  (*)Pilsenite  (*)Posnjakite  (*)Powellite  (*)Prehnite  (*)
Pyrargyrite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrochroite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)
Pyrophanite  (*)Pyrosmalite-(Fe)  (*)Pyroxmangite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)
Rhodochrosite  (*)Rhodonite  (*)Romanèchite  (*)Rutile  (*)Scorodite  (*)
Siderite  (*)Sonolite  (*)Spessartine  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Stevensite  (*)
Stilpnomelane  (*)Strontianite  (*)Sulphur  (*)Synchysite-(Ce)  (*)Tellurobismuthite  (*)
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)Tephroite  (*)Tetradymite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Thaumasite  (*)
Thomsonite-Ca  (*)Titanite  (*)Troilite  (*)Tyrolite  (*)Woodwardite  (*)
Wroewolfeite  (*)Xenotime-(Y)  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)22123283,1233023419
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)12123279,123286,123292,123293,123295,123297,123298,123302,123360,123367,123410,1234138803
Aleksite  (*)TetradymitePbBi2Te2S2112331528
Allanite-(Ce)  (*)Allanite EpidoteCaCe(Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)1123291706
Alleghanyite  (*)HumiteMn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)22123354,12338677
Allophane  (*)AllophaneAl2O3(SiO2)1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H2O1123290470
Altaite  (*)RocksaltPbTe1123315489
Analcime  (*)AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6)·H2O2123386,1233941627
Anatase  (*)Not in a structural groupTiO212123282,123293,123294,123295,123297,123298,123345,123353,123367,123396,123410,1234132162
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)2123345,1233792734
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)22123345,1234043092
Annabergite  (*)VivianiteNi3(AsO4)2·8H2O2123314,123339445
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)11233203250
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS11123284,123315,123319,123320,123329,123333,123337,123345,123348,123405,1234079052
Atacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)31123377544
Axinite-(Fe)  (*)AxiniteCa4Fe2+2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)21123392260
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)22123319,1233215509
Banalsite  (*)NoneNa2BaAl4Si4O16112338622
Bannisterite  (*)Stilpnomelane Clay(Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8·nH2O112338620
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)5123315,123378,123379,123381,12338611547
Birnessite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K)0.6(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4·1.5H2O1123386178
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi11233151966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S32123315,1233451935
Bixbyite  (*)BixbyiteMn3+2O31123386104
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS46123314,123321,123339,123343,123377,1234055516
Botallackite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)3112337749
Boulangerite  (*)NonePb5Sb4S111123315843
Bournonite  (*)BournoniteCuPbSbS311233151089
Brinrobertsite  (*)Corrensite Clay(Na,K,Ca)0.3(Al,Fe,Mg)4(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·3.5H2O11232741
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)62123320,1233981633
Brookite  (*)BrookiteTiO27123295,123297,123298,123353,123367,123394,123410700
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)22123283,123295,123309,123315,123319,123329,123331,123348,123356,123362,123365,123367,123384,123386,123394,123397,123398,123400,123401,123405,123410,12341527770
Caryopilite  (*)Clay SerpentineMn2+3Si2O5(OH)43123354,123384,12338683
Celsian  (*)FeldsparBa(Al2Si2O8)2123384,123386100
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)11233794979
Chalcoalumite  (*)ChalcoalumiteCuAl4(SO4)(OH)12·3H2O2123320,12339891
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S4123286,123320,123321,1233365707
Chalcophyllite  (*)ChalcophylliteCu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24·36H2O1123320194
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS229123278,123282,123284,123288,123293,123312,123314,123315,123316,123317,123319,123321,123325,123329,123330,123331,123332,123333,123336,123339,123343,123377,123397,123398,123400,123401,123404,123405,12340727198
Chamosite  (*)Chlorite Clay(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)82123309,123410577
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O3123286,123320,1233453531
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)82123286,1232981756
Clinozoisite  (*)Clinozoisite EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)11233361025
Cobaltite  (*)CobaltiteCoAsS7123312,123315,123319,123320,123325,123326,123330966
Connellite  (*)ConnelliteCu36(SO4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O1123398295
Copper  (*)CopperCu5123315,123320,123321,123329,1233483846
Cotunnite  (*)NonePbCl2112337954
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS3123315,123320,1233214165
Cryptomelane  (*)CoronaditeK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O161123369599
Cumengeite  (*)NonePb21Cu20Cl42(OH)40·6H2O112337743
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O11233202970
Cymrite  (*)NoneBa(Si,Al)4(O,OH)8·H2O112338646
Devilline  (*)DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O1123320366
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)24123315,123325,123330,1233489895
Enargite  (*)Enargite WurtziteCu3AsS41123321910
Enstatite  (*)PyroxeneMg2Si2O61123306944
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)3123302,123356,1233928173
Epidote-(Sr)  (*)EpidoteCaSr(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)11233868
Erythrite  (*)VivianiteCo3(AsO4)2·8H2O5123312,123314,123315,123319,123320814
Feitknechtite  (*)NoneMn3+O(OH)112338619
Felsőbányaite  (*)NoneAl4(SO4)(OH)10·4H2O112335266
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F4123309,123384,123386,1234102740
Forsterite  (*)OlivineMg2(SiO4)11233061188
Franklinphilite  (*)Stilpnomelane(K,Na)4(Mn2+,Mg,Zn)48(Si,Al)72(O,OH)216·6H2O11233543
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS35123278,123293,123295,123297,123308,123312,123315,123316,123317,123325,123327,123328,123331,123332,123333,123337,123338,123339,123340,123345,123348,123362,123364,123365,123375,123377,123378,123379,123381,123397,123400,123401,123404,123405,12341024243
Ganophyllite  (*)Clay(K,Na)xMn2+6(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4·nH2O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11)2123384,12338645
Georgeite  (*)Amorphous[Cu(OH)2-x(H2O)x][CO3]x/211233983
Gibbsite  (*)NoneAl(OH)31123343504
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)4123331,123369,123398,1234107437
Gold  (*)CopperAu22123315,123316,123317,123319,123325,123326,123327,123329,123330,123331,123332,123333,123335,123336,123338,123339,123340,123341,123343,123345,123347,12334830554
Graphite  (*)NoneC11233062812
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O3123320,123345,1233986890
Halotrichite  (*)HalotrichiteFe2+Al2(SO4)4·22H2O1123331409
Harmotome  (*)HarmotomeBa2(Si12Al4)O32·12H2O1123386290
Hausmannite  (*)SpinelMn2+Mn3+2O41123386350
Hedleyite  (*)TetradymiteBi7Te31123315104
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O34123286,123318,123396,12340214640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O11233451689
Hessite  (*)NoneAg2Te1123315804
Hollandite  (*)CoronaditeBa(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O162123371,123373243
Halloysite-10Å  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4·2H2O112341062
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)611233451066
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O32123309,1234105433
Jacobsite  (*)SpinelMn2+Fe3+2O42123384,123386172
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)411232845591
Kellyite  (*)Clay Serpentine(Mn2+,Mg,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4112335411
Langite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·2H2O2123319,123320593
Lanthanite-(Ce)  (*)LanthaniteCe2(CO3)3·8H2O112339816
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)21123398987
Lithiophorite  (*)None(Al,Li)(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2(OH)21123369210
Mackinawite  (*)None(Fe,Ni)1+xS (x = 0-0.07)1123326451
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O44123302,123309,123396,12340214899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)27123286,123314,123320,123321,123339,123398,12340512537
Manganite  (*)RutileMn3+O(OH)2123318,123386770
Manganosite  (*)RocksaltMnO112338673
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS24123323,123331,123398,1234155674
Matildite  (*)NoneAgBiS21123315252
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O1123308915
Millerite  (*)MilleriteNiS11234051066
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS22123315,1233215800
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)MonaziteCe(PO4)1123410945
Monohydrocalcite  (*)NoneCa(CO3)·H2O112332055
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)22123294,12334817380
Natrolite  (*)NatroliteNa2(Si3Al2)O10·2H2O2123386,1233941236
Neotocite  (*)Allophane(Mn,Fe)SiO3·H2O (?)1123384186
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)11233672349
Paracelsian  (*)DanburiteBa(Al2Si2O8)11233863
Paragonite  (*)Mica ClayNaAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)21123386247
Pectolite  (*)PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)1123394363
Pennantite  (*)Chlorite ClayMn2+5Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)8112338625
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S811233151512
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)211233672273
Phosgenite  (*)NonePb2(CO3)Cl21123379142
Pickeringite  (*)HalotrichiteMgAl2(SO4)4·22H2O1123331265
Piemontite  (*)EpidoteCa2(Al2Mn3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)1123386260
Piemontite-(Sr)  (*)Clinozoisite EpidoteCaSr(Al2Mn3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)112338612
Pilsenite  (*)TetradymiteBi4Te3112331557
Posnjakite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·H2O1123398309
Powellite  (*)ScheeliteCa(MoO4)1123386494
Prehnite  (*)PrehniteCa2Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)211233941898
Pyrargyrite  (*)NoneAg3SbS311233331425
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS239123276,123282,123284,123286,123292,123293,123294,123295,123297,123308,123312,123314,123315,123316,123317,123319,123320,123321,123327,123329,123330,123331,123332,123333,123337,123343,123345,123348,123378,123379,123397,123398,123400,123401,123404,123405,123407,123410,12341539462
Pyrochroite  (*)BruciteMn2+(OH)2112338656
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO22123371,1233863106
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl11233791725
Pyrophanite  (*)CorundumMn2+TiO31123386244
Pyrosmalite-(Fe)  (*)Pyrosmalite ClayFe2+8Si6O15(OH)10112327438
Pyroxmangite  (*)NoneMn2+SiO31123384147
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S814123297,123309,123312,123315,123317,123319,123320,123331,123345,123348,123397,123401,123405,1234079056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO242123274,123279,123282,123284,123286,123292,123293,123294,123295,123297,123298,123299,123302,123309,123314,123315,123319,123320,123329,123335,123339,123340,123345,123348,123353,123354,123356,123360,123362,123365,123377,123378,123379,123381,123389,123392,123394,123401,123405,123406,123410,12341561156
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)5123279,123318,123354,123384,1233861711
Rhodonite  (*)RhodoniteCaMn3Mn(Si5O15)4123318,123319,123384,123386969
Romanèchite  (*)None(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O101123386312
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO23123297,123298,1234105614
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O11233151153
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)2123290,1233156417
Sonolite  (*)HumiteMn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2112335450
Spessartine  (*)GarnetMn2+3Al2(SiO4)33123279,123351,1233541214
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS27123282,123293,123312,123315,123316,123319,123320,123325,123327,123331,123332,123337,123338,123340,123345,123348,123362,123365,123378,123379,123381,123397,123400,123401,123404,123405,12341521482
Stevensite  (*)Clay(Ca,Na)xMg3-ySi4O10(OH)2112339457
Stilpnomelane  (*)Stilpnomelane Clay(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36·nH2O3123290,123302,123309456
Strontianite  (*)AragoniteSr(CO3)1123386589
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS2123375,1233792045
Synchysite-(Ce)  (*)NoneCaCe(CO3)2F4123293,123295,123297,123298232
Tellurobismuthite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Te33123315,123325,123330276
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S132123321,1233221803
Tephroite  (*)OlivineMn2+2(SiO4)3123354,123384,123386240
Tetradymite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Te2S1123315510
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S134123315,123321,123333,1233395317
Thaumasite  (*)EttringiteCa3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)·12H2O1123343183
Thomsonite-Ca  (*)ThomsoniteNaCa2(Al5Si5)O20·6H2O1123357452
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O3123302,123410,1234134899
Troilite  (*)NoneFeS11233061044
Tyrolite  (*)TyroliteCa2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8·11H2O3123320,123321,123322245
Woodwardite  (*)Woodwardite Hydrotalcite(Cu1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2)112340757
Wroewolfeite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·2H2O3123320,123343,12340595
Xenotime-(Y)  (*)ZirconY(PO4)1123297939


No ages have been assigned to this locality yet.
SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R060152Benallt Mine, Nantlle Vale, Gwynedd, Wales, UKhttps://rruff.info/R060152
R060460Benallt Mine, Nantlle Vale, Gwynedd, Wales, UKhttps://rruff.info/R060460

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