Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Puno, Peru

Oldest recorded age at locality: 23
Youngest recorded age at locality: 2.6

mindat Locality ID: 55620
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-55620.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Puno, Peru": 50
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 33

Number of Child Localities: 15
Child Localities:
Azángaro Province
Azoguine
Carabaya Province
Carancas
Chili Palca Hacienda
Jasper Occurrence
Lampa Province
Melgar Province
Moho Province
Puno Province
San Antonio De Esquilache Mine (San Antonio De Esquilache Lead Zinc Mine 70)
San Antonio De Putina Province
Santa Lucia Mine
Santo Domingo Tin Prospect
Titicaca Lake

Latitude: 15°4'25"S
Longitude: 70°'22"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -15.073611111111,-70.006111111111

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Acanthite	Amorphous	Amphibole	Analcime	Andalusite	Aragonite	Arsenic	Arsenopyrite	Autunite	Baryte
Beryl	Calcite	Cancrinite-sodalite	Chalcopyrite	Chlorite	Clay	Clinozoisite	Columbite	Copper	Corundum
Covellite	Diaspore	Dumortierite	Epidote	Feldspar	Fluorite	Garnet	Gypsum	Iron	Kaolinite
Malachite	Marcasite	Meta-autunite	Mica	Milarite	Molybdenite	Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group	Olivine
Pyrite	Pyroxene	Quartz	Rhodonite	Rocksalt	Rutile	Scheelite	Sodalite	Sphalerite	Spinel
Stannite	Stibnite	Tetrahedrite	Titanite	Topaz	Tourmaline	Tridymite	Zircon

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Be Bi C Ca Cl Cr Cu F Fe H Hg K Li Mg Mn Mo Na O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Ti U W Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Acanthite Amorphous Amphibole Analcime Andalusite Aragonite Arsenic Arsenopyrite Autunite Baryte
Beryl Calcite Cancrinite-sodalite Chalcopyrite Chlorite Clay Clinozoisite Columbite Copper Corundum
Covellite Diaspore Dumortierite Epidote Feldspar Fluorite Garnet Gypsum Iron Kaolinite
Malachite Marcasite Meta-autunite Mica Milarite Molybdenite Nickeline None Not in a structural group Olivine
Pyrite Pyroxene Quartz Rhodonite Rocksalt Rutile Scheelite Sodalite Sphalerite Spinel
Stannite Stibnite Tetrahedrite Titanite Topaz Tourmaline Tridymite Zircon

85 IMA Minerals at location:

Acanthite ()*	Aegirine ()*	Aegirine-augite ()*	Albite ()*	Almandine ()*
Aluminoceladonite ()*	Alunite ()*	Analcime ()*	Andalusite ()*	Ankerite ()*
Anorthite ()*	Aragonite ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*	Autunite ()*	Azurite ()*
Baryte ()*	Bismuth ()*	Bismuthinite ()*	Calcite ()*	Cassiterite ()*
Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Chamosite ()*	Chromite ()*	Cinnabar ()*
Clinochlore ()*	Coffinite ()*	Copper ()*	Cordierite ()*	Covellite ()*
Dravite ()*	Dumortierite ()*	Enstatite ()*	Epidote ()*	Ferberite ()*
Ferro-hornblende ()*	Fluorite ()*	Forsterite ()*	Gahnite ()*	Galena ()*
Goethite ()*	Gold ()*	Graphite ()*	Gypsum ()*	Halite ()*
Hematite ()*	Hercynite ()*	Ilmenite ()*	Iron ()*	Kaolinite ()*
Malachite ()*	Marcasite ()*	Meta-autunite ()*	Molybdenite ()*	Moraesite ()*
Muscovite ()*	Nepheline ()*	Opal ()*	Orthoclase ()*	Osumilite-(Mg) ()*
Phlogopite ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Renardite ()*
Rhodonite ()*	Rutile ()*	Sanidine ()*	Scheelite ()*	Schorl ()*
Siderite ()*	Sillimanite ()*	Sodalite ()*	Sphalerite ()*	Spinel ()*
Stannite ()*	Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Titanite ()*	Topaz ()*	Torbernite ()*
Troilite ()*	Uraninite ()*	Virgilite ()*	Weeksite ()*	Zircon ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite ()*	Acanthite	Ag₂S			1	96456	2793
Aegirine ()*	Pyroxene	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆	7	4.7	1	96442	1022
Aegirine-augite ()*	Pyroxene	(Ca,Na)(Fe³⁺,Mg,Fe²⁺)Si₂O₆	7	4.7	1	96442	286
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	7	4.7	3	96442,96447,96466	8803
Almandine ()*	Garnet	Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃			1	96456	2353
Aluminoceladonite ()*	Mica	K(Mg,Fe²⁺)Al(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂			1	96466	12
Alunite ()*	None	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆			1	96474	966
Analcime ()*	Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆)·H₂O	7	4.7	1	96442	1627
Andalusite ()*	Andalusite	Al₂SiO₅			1	96444	1310
Ankerite ()*	None	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂			2	96456,96475	3092
Anorthite ()*	Feldspar	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)			1	96447	1036
Aragonite ()*	Aragonite	Ca(CO₃)			1	96480	3250
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS			2	96456,96466	9052
Autunite ()*	Autunite	Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·10-12H₂O			1	96444	1272
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	23	2.6	1	96462	5509
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)			2	96474,96475	11547
Bismuth ()*	Arsenic	Bi			1	96466	1966
Bismuthinite ()*	Stibnite	Bi₂S₃			1	96466	1935
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)			4	96456,96466,96474,96475	27770
Cassiterite ()*	Rutile	SnO₂			2	96466,96469	5171
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	23	2.6	2	96462,96466	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	23	2.6	6	96444,96453,96456,96462,96466,96475	27198
Chamosite ()*	Chlorite Clay	(Fe²⁺,Mg,Al,Fe³⁺)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH,O)₈			1	96466	577
Chromite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Cr₂O₄			2	96446,96447	3902
Cinnabar ()*	None	HgS			1	96438	2600
Clinochlore ()*	Chlorite Clay	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈			1	96466	1756
Coffinite ()*	Zircon	U(SiO₄)·nH₂O			1	96444	566
Copper ()*	Copper	Cu			1	96446	3846
Cordierite ()*	Beryl	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈			2	96444,96466	1008
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS			1	96466	4165
Dravite ()*	Tourmaline	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)			1	96466	648
Dumortierite ()*	Dumortierite	AlAl₆BSi₃O₁₈			1	96466	231
Enstatite ()*	Pyroxene	Mg₂Si₂O₆			1	96447	944
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)			2	96466,96474	8173
Ferberite ()*	Columbite	Fe²⁺(WO₄)			2	96437,96456	551
Ferro-hornblende ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Fe²⁺₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂	7	4.7	1	96442	271
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂			2	96456,96466	9617
Forsterite ()*	Olivine	Mg₂(SiO₄)			1	96447	1188
Gahnite ()*	Spinel	ZnAl₂O₄	7	4.7	1	96443	445
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS			2	96466,96475	24243
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)			2	96466,96474	7437
Gold ()*	Copper	Au			6	96452,96453,96454,96455,96457,96479	30554
Graphite ()*	None	C			1	96447	2812
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O			1	96485	6890
Halite ()*	Rocksalt	NaCl			1	96466	1398
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃			4	96444,96466,96474,96483	14640
Hercynite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄			1	96447	407
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃			2	96444,96447	5433
Iron ()*	Iron	Fe			1	96446	1089
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	23	2.6	2	96462,96474	5591
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	23	2.6	1	96462	12537
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂			2	96456,96466	5674
Meta-autunite ()*	Meta-autunite	Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·6H₂O			2	96441,96444	388
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂			1	96456	5800
Moraesite ()*	None	Be₂(PO₄)(OH)·4H₂O			1	96444	35
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂			3	96444,96456,96466	17380
Nepheline ()*	Tridymite	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)	7	4.7	1	96442	884
Opal ()*	Amorphous	SiO₂·nH₂O			1	96483	2994
Orthoclase ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)			2	96447,96466	2349
Osumilite-(Mg) ()*	Milarite	KMg₂Al₃(Al₂Si₁₀)O₃₀			1	96447	42
Phlogopite ()*	Mica Clay	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂			1	96447	2273
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	23	2.6	7	96444,96453,96456,96462,96466,96474,96475	39462
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈			3	96456,96466,96479	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂			10	96437,96444,96447,96448,96453,96456,96457,96466,96474,96475	61156
Renardite ()*	None	Pb(UO₂)₄(PO₄)₂(OH)₄·7H₂O			1	96444	7
Rhodonite ()*	Rhodonite	CaMn₃Mn(Si₅O₁₅)			1	96475	969
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂			3	96444,96466,96474	5614
Sanidine ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)			1	96444	598
Scheelite ()*	Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)			2	96437,96456	4894
Schorl ()*	Tourmaline	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)			1	96466	2705
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)			2	96456,96466	6417
Sillimanite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂SiO₅			2	96444,96466	1516
Sodalite ()*	Cancrinite-sodalite Sodalite	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl	7	4.7	1	96442	444
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS			3	96466,96469,96475	21482
Spinel ()*	Spinel	MgAl₂O₄			2	96444,96447	1934
Stannite ()*	Stannite Sphalerite	Cu₂FeSnS₄			2	96456,96466	668
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃			1	96475	5317
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O			1	96466	4899
Topaz ()*	Topaz	Al₂SiO₄F₂			1	96444	1476
Torbernite ()*	None	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·12H₂O			1	96444	1059
Troilite ()*	None	FeS			1	96446	1044
Uraninite ()*	Fluorite	UO₂			1	96444	2718
Virgilite ()*	Quartz	LiAlSi₂O₆	7	7	2	96442,96443	1
Weeksite ()*	None	(K)₂(UO₂)₂(Si₅O₁₃)·4H₂O			1	96444	42
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)			2	96444,96483	5251

5 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Sample Num	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID
Alexandra-0107	5.23	5.01	5.12 ± 0.11	fission-track method	Age of rock	MB1			274554	Macusani Glass, Macusani, Carabaya Province, Puno, Peru	Macusani glass	Iunes et al. (2003)	10.1016/S1350-4487(03)00161-6	RM36_407
Alexandra-0108	5.21	4.99	5.10 ± 0.11	fission-track method	Age of rock	MB2			274554	Macusani Glass, Macusani, Carabaya Province, Puno, Peru	Macusani glass	Iunes et al. (2003)	10.1016/S1350-4487(03)00161-6	RM36_407
Alexandra-0109	4.7	4.7	4.7		Age of rock				274554	Macusani Glass, Macusani, Carabaya Province, Puno, Peru	Macusani glass	Iunes et al. (2003)	10.1016/S1350-4487(03)00161-6	RM36_407
Grew_Li_2019_0112	7	7	7				Virgilite		274554	Macusani Glass, Macusani, Carabaya Province, Puno, Peru	Macusani glass (not in situ), Macusani, Carabaya Province, Puno department, Peru	Cheilletz et al. (1992)	10.1016/0040-1951(92)90433-7	T205_305
PorphCu-00529	23	2.6	Late Tertiary				Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Kaolinite, Pyrite	Cu	206952	San Salvador De Patillani Mine, Lampa Province, Puno, Peru	San Salvador de Patillani	Singer et al. (2008)		USGSOFR2008_1155

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...