Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Outokumpu Cu-Co-Zn-Ni-Ag-Au Ore Field, North Karelia, Finland

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2500
Youngest recorded age at locality: 541

mindat Locality ID: 6416
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-6416.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Outokumpu Cu-Co-Zn-Ni-Ag-Au Ore Field, North Karelia, Finland": 18
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 17

Number of Child Localities: 16
Child Localities:
Hietajärvi Deposit
Hippos Deposit
Hoikka Deposit
Kettukumpu Deposit
Kivisalmi Deposit
Kokka Ni Deposit
Kylylahti Mine
Luikonlahti Mine
Outokumpu Cu-Zn Deposit
Perttilahti Deposit
Riihilahti Deposit
Saramäki Deposit
Sola Zn Deposit
Varislahti Deposit
Vasarkangas Deposit
Vuonos Mine

Latitude: 62°50'39"N
Longitude: 29°2'1"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 62.844166666667,29.033611111111

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Allanite	Amphibole	Arsenic	Arsenopyrite	Baddeleyite	Beryl	Calcite	Chalcopyrite	Chlorite	Clay
Clinozoisite	Cobaltite	Copper	Corundum	Cubanite	Epidote	Fluorite	Garnet	Iron	Marcasite
Melonite	Mica	Molybdenite	Nickeline	Nolanite	None	Pentlandite	Pyrite	Pyroxene	Quartz
Rocksalt	Rutile	Serpentine	Smectite-vermiculite	Sphalerite	Spinel	Stannite	Talc	Tetradymite	Titanite
Tourmaline	Ullmannite	Valleriite	Vesuvianite	Wurtzite

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Bi C Ca Ce Co Cr Cu F Fe H Ir K Mg Mn Mo Na Ni O Os Pb Pd Pt Ru S Sb Si Sn Te Ti U V Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al As Bi C Ca Ce Cr Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Na O Os Ru S Si Te V Zn Zr

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Allanite Amphibole Arsenic Arsenopyrite Baddeleyite Beryl Calcite Chalcopyrite Chlorite Clay
Clinozoisite Cobaltite Copper Corundum Cubanite Epidote Fluorite Garnet Iron Marcasite
Melonite Mica Molybdenite Nickeline Nolanite None Pentlandite Pyrite Pyroxene Quartz
Rocksalt Rutile Serpentine Smectite-vermiculite Sphalerite Spinel Stannite Talc Tetradymite Titanite
Tourmaline Ullmannite Valleriite Vesuvianite Wurtzite

82 IMA Minerals at location:

Alabandite ()*	Allanite-(Ce) ()*	Anduoite ()*	Anthophyllite ()*	Antigorite ()*
Argentopentlandite ()*	Baddeleyite ()*	Bismuth ()*	Calcite ()*	Cassiterite ()*
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chromite ()*	Chrysotile ()*	Clinochlore ()*	Cobaltite ()*
Cobaltpentlandite ()*	Copper ()*	Cordierite ()*	Cubanite ()*	Cummingtonite ()*
Diopside ()*	Dissakisite-(Ce) ()*	Dolomite ()*	Dravite ()*	Enstatite ()*
Epidote ()*	Erlichmanite ()*	Eskolaite ()*	Gahnite ()*	Galena ()*
Gold ()*	Graphite ()*	Guyanaite ()*	Haapalaite ()*	Hedleyite ()*
Hematite ()*	Hessite ()*	Ilmenite ()*	Irarsite ()*	Iron ()*
Karelianite ()*	Laurite ()*	Lead ()*	Lizardite ()*	Mackinawite ()*
Magnesiochromite ()*	Magnesite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Marcasite ()*	Maucherite ()*
Merenskyite ()*	Molybdenite ()*	Muscovite ()*	Nickeline ()*	Nolanite ()*
Osarsite ()*	Gersdorffite-Pa3 ()*	Patrónite ()*	Pentlandite ()*	Phlogopite ()*
Pyrite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Rutile ()*	Saponite ()*
Siegenite ()*	Silver ()*	Sperrylite ()*	Sphalerite ()*	Stannite ()*
Talc ()*	Titanite ()*	Tremolite ()*	Ullmannite ()*	Uraninite ()*
Uvarovite ()*	Vesuvianite ()*	Violarite ()*	Vuorelainenite ()*	Willyamite ()*
Wurtzite ()*	Zoisite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Alabandite ()*	Rocksalt	MnS	1800	1800	1	49870	312
Allanite-(Ce) ()*	Allanite Epidote	CaCe(Al₂Fe²⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	2500	541	0		706
Anduoite ()*	None	RuAs₂	2500	541	0		9
Anthophyllite ()*	Amphibole	Mg₂Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	2500	541	2	49870,49871	718
Antigorite ()*	Serpentine Clay	Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄	1959	1884	1	49869	708
Argentopentlandite ()*	Pentlandite	Ag(Fe,Ni)₈S₈	1800	1800	1	49880	67
Baddeleyite ()*	Baddeleyite	ZrO₂	2500	541	0		238
Bismuth ()*	Arsenic	Bi	1800	1800	1	49880	1966
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	1959	1884	3	49869,49871,49873	27770
Cassiterite ()*	Rutile	SnO₂	2500	541	2	49871,49880	5171
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	2500	541	15	49863,49864,49865,49866,49867,49868,49869,49870,49871,49874,49875,49876,49877,49878,49880	27198
Chromite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Cr₂O₄	1970	1800	4	49870,49871,49879,49880	3902
Chrysotile ()*	Serpentine Clay	Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄	1959	1800	2	49868,49870	951
Clinochlore ()*	Chlorite Clay	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	2500	541	2	49871,49880	1756
Cobaltite ()*	Cobaltite	CoAsS	2500	541	4	49869,49870,49871,49880	966
Cobaltpentlandite ()*	Pentlandite	Co₉S₈	1959	1800	3	49869,49878,49880	82
Copper ()*	Copper	Cu	2500	541	0		3846
Cordierite ()*	Beryl	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈	2500	541	1	49871	1008
Cubanite ()*	Cubanite Wurtzite	CuFe₂S₃	2500	541	4	49870,49871,49878,49880	802
Cummingtonite ()*	Amphibole	Mg₂Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	2500	541	1	49871	327
Diopside ()*	Pyroxene	CaMgSi₂O₆	1959	1800	10	49863,49864,49865,49866,49870,49871,49872,49873,49876,49880	4135
Dissakisite-(Ce) ()*	Allanite Epidote	CaCe(Al₂Mg)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	2500	541	0		11
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	2500	541	0		9895
Dravite ()*	Tourmaline	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	2500	541	1	49871	648
Enstatite ()*	Pyroxene	Mg₂Si₂O₆	1800	1800	1	49870	944
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	2500	541	1	49871	8173
Erlichmanite ()*	Pyrite	OsS₂	1800	1800	0		110
Eskolaite ()*	Corundum	Cr₂O₃	1908	1800	2	49871,49880	30
Gahnite ()*	Spinel	ZnAl₂O₄	1800	1800	1	49870	445
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	2500	541	4	49869,49870,49871,49880	24243
Gold ()*	Copper	Au	2500	541	3	49869,49871,49880	30554
Graphite ()*	None	C	2500	541	4	49869,49870,49871,49880	2812
Guyanaite ()*	None	CrO(OH)	1959	1884	1	49871	6
Haapalaite ()*	Valleriite	2[(Fe,Ni)S]·1.61[(Mg,Fe)(OH)₂]	1959	1884	1	49868	3
Hedleyite ()*	Tetradymite	Bi₇Te₃	2500	541	0		104
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	1800	1800	1	49880	14640
Hessite ()*	None	Ag₂Te	1800	1800	1	49870	804
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃	1959	1800	2	49869,49870	5433
Irarsite ()*	Pyrite	IrAsS	1959	1884	1	49879	154
Iron ()*	Iron	Fe	2500	541	0		1089
Karelianite ()*	Corundum	V₂O₃	2500	541	1	49871	17
Laurite ()*	Pyrite	RuS₂	1959	1884	1	49879	226
Lead ()*	Copper	Pb	1800	1800	1	49870	192
Lizardite ()*	Serpentine Clay	Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄	1959	1800	2	49868,49870	359
Mackinawite ()*	None	(Fe,Ni)_1+xS (x = 0-0.07)	2500	541	3	49870,49871,49880	451
Magnesiochromite ()*	Spinel	MgCr₂O₄	1959	1884	0		311
Magnesite ()*	Calcite	Mg(CO₃)	2500	541	0		1487
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	2500	541	5	49869,49870,49871,49875,49880	14899
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂	1800	1800	1	49880	5674
Maucherite ()*	None	Ni₁₁As₈	1959	1800	2	49868,49880	161
Merenskyite ()*	Melonite	PdTe₂	1959	1884	1	49878	155
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂	2500	541	3	49870,49871,49880	5800
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	2500	541	1	49871	17380
Nickeline ()*	Nickeline	NiAs	1959	1884	1	49879	633
Nolanite ()*	Nolanite	V³⁺₈Fe³⁺₂O₁₄(OH)₂	2500	541	0		19
Osarsite ()*	Arsenopyrite	OsAsS	1959	1884	1	49879	16
Gersdorffite-Pa3 ()*	Pyrite	NiAsS	2500	541	4	49871,49878,49879,49880	767
Patrónite ()*	None	VS₄	1800	1800	0		8
Pentlandite ()*	Pentlandite	(Ni,Fe)₉S₈	2500	541	9	49866,49868,49869,49870,49871,49875,49876,49877,49880	1512
Phlogopite ()*	Mica Clay	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	2500	541	0		2273
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	1959	1800	8	49867,49869,49870,49871,49873,49877,49878,49880	39462
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	2500	541	14	49863,49864,49865,49866,49867,49869,49870,49871,49874,49875,49876,49877,49878,49880	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	1959	1800	13	49863,49864,49865,49867,49869,49870,49871,49873,49874,49875,49876,49877,49880	61156
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂	1959	1884	1	49869	5614
Saponite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	(Ca,Na)_0.3(Mg,Fe)₃(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂·4H₂O	1800	1800	1	49880	301
Siegenite ()*	Spinel	CoNi₂S₄	2500	541	3	49869,49871,49880	249
Silver ()*	Copper	Ag	1959	1884	1	49869	5186
Sperrylite ()*	Pyrite	PtAs₂	1959	1884	1	49878	337
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	1959	1800	11	49863,49865,49869,49870,49871,49872,49874,49875,49876,49877,49880	21482
Stannite ()*	Stannite Sphalerite	Cu₂FeSnS₄	2500	541	3	49870,49871,49880	668
Talc ()*	Clay Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	1959	1800	3	49869,49870,49879	3337
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O	2500	541	2	49869,49871	4899
Tremolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_5.0-4.5Fe²⁺_0.0-0.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	2500	541	9	49863,49865,49866,49869,49870,49871,49876,49877,49880	2562
Ullmannite ()*	Ullmannite	NiSbS	2500	541	1	49871	293
Uraninite ()*	Fluorite	UO₂	1959	1800	3	49869,49870,49880	2718
Uvarovite ()*	Garnet	Ca₃Cr₂(SiO₄)₃	1908	1800	5	49870,49871,49872,49873,49880	212
Vesuvianite ()*	Vesuvianite	(Ca,Na)₁₉(Al,Mg,Fe)₁₃(SiO₄)₁₀(Si₂O₇)₄(OH,F,O)₁₀	2500	541	0		1395
Violarite ()*	Spinel	FeNi₂S₄	1800	1800	2	49870,49880	380
Vuorelainenite ()*	Spinel	Mn²⁺V³⁺₂O₄	2500	541	0		9
Willyamite ()*	Cobaltite	CoSbS	2500	541	1	49871	25
Wurtzite ()*	Wurtzite	ZnS	1800	1800	0		372
Zoisite ()*	Epidote	Ca₂Al₃[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	2500	541	0		1025

6 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Sample Source	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
vms-00475	1800	1800	Proterozoic						S	40035	Luikonlahti Mine, Outokumpu Cu-Co-Zn-Ni-Ag-Au Ore Field, North Karelia, Finland	Luikonlahti	Moiser et al. (2009)		USGSOFR2009_1034
Cr-00004	1959	1884	1950	U-Pb		zircon	Zircon	Chromite	Cr	16491	Outokumpu Cu-Zn Deposit, Outokumpu Cu-Co-Zn-Ni-Ag-Au Ore Field, North Karelia, Finland		Peltonen et al. (2008)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2007.07.002	OGR33_559	charlene listed error as 5/
Cr-00005	1908	1884		U-Pb		zircon	Zircon	Chromium-dravite, Chromite, Eskolaite, Uvarovite	Cr	16491	Outokumpu Cu-Zn Deposit, Outokumpu Cu-Co-Zn-Ni-Ag-Au Ore Field, North Karelia, Finland		Peltonen et al. (2008)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2007.07.002	OGR33_559	charlene listed error as 25/
EPSL141_161_0001	1970	1970	1970	Re-Os	mineralization	chromite	Chromite			16491	Outokumpu Cu-Zn Deposit, Outokumpu Cu-Co-Zn-Ni-Ag-Au Ore Field, North Karelia, Finland	Outokumpo deposit	Walker (1996)		EPSL141_161
vms-00478	2500	541	Proterozoic							16491	Outokumpu Cu-Zn Deposit, Outokumpu Cu-Co-Zn-Ni-Ag-Au Ore Field, North Karelia, Finland	Outokumpu	Moiser et al. (2009)		USGSOFR2009-1034
vms-00483	1800	1800	Proterozoic						S	1666	Vuonos Mine, Outokumpu Cu-Co-Zn-Ni-Ag-Au Ore Field, North Karelia, Finland	Vuonos	Moiser et al. (2009)		USGSOFR2009_1034

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R060892	Outokumpu Cu-Co-Zn-Ni-Ag-Au Ore Field, North Karelia, Finland	https://rruff.info/R060892
R061041	Outokumpu Cu-Co-Zn-Ni-Ag-Au Ore Field, North Karelia, Finland	https://rruff.info/R061041

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...