Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Penn Mine (Happy Jack; West Constellation; Satellite; Big Satellite; Hinkcley; Blue Jay; Meteor; Hecla; Little Satellite; Copper Hill; Penn Chemical Works; Campo Seco), Campo Seco, Campo Seco District, Foothill Copper Belt, Calaveras Co., California, USA

Oldest recorded age at locality: 170
Youngest recorded age at locality: 100

mindat Locality ID: 9552
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-9552.html

Tectonic Settings: Continental Arc

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Penn Mine (Happy Jack; West Constellation; Satellite; Big Satellite; Hinkcley; Blue Jay; Meteor; Hecla; Little Satellite; Copper Hill; Penn Chemical Works; Campo Seco), Campo Seco, Campo Seco District, Foothill Copper Belt, Calaveras Co., California, USA": 1
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 1

Number of Child Localities: 1
Child Localities:
Slag Dumps

Latitude: 38°13'46"N
Longitude: 120°52'55"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 38.229444444444,-120.88194444444
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al Au Ba C Ca Cu Fe H K O Pb S Sb Si Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al Au Ba C Ca Cu Fe H K O Pb S Sb Si Zn 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAluniteBaryteCalciteChalcopyriteClayCopperCovelliteGypsumKaolinite
MalachiteMelanteriteMicaNoneNot in a structural groupOlivinePhenakitePyriteQuartzRocksalt
SphaleriteTetrahedrite

23 IMA Minerals at location:
Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)Boothite  (*)Bornite  (*)Calcite  (*)
Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Copper  (*)Covellite  (*)
Fayalite  (*)Galena  (*)Gold  (*)Gypsum  (*)Jarosite  (*)
Kaolinite  (*)Malachite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Quartz  (*)
Sphalerite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Willemite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)217017005509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)170170011547
Boothite  (*)MelanteriteCu(SO4)·7H2O170170018
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS417017005516
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)170170027770
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S17017005707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2170170027198
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O17017003531
Copper  (*)CopperCu17017003846
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS17017004165
Fayalite  (*)OlivineFe2+2(SiO4)1001001152762371
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS170170024243
Gold  (*)CopperAu170170030554
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O17017006890
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)617017002228
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)417017005591
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2170170012537
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2170170017380
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2170170039462
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2170170061156
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS170170021482
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S1317017005317
Willemite  (*)PhenakiteZn2SiO41001001152762303


2 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Mo-00156100100      YesMolybdeniteMo16293Calaveras Co., California, USACalaveras CountyBrock (1972)10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[3391:GOGHSC]2.0.CO;2GSAB83_3391 
vms-01039170170Jurassic       S9552Penn Mine (Happy Jack; West Constellation; Satellite; Big Satellite; Hinkcley; Blue Jay; Meteor; Hecla; Little Satellite; Copper Hill; Penn Chemical Works; Campo Seco), Campo Seco, Campo Seco District, Foothill Copper Belt, Calaveras Co., California, USAPennMoiser et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009_1034 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

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