A R040024 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Hematite R040024

Name: Hematite
RRUFF ID: R040024
Ideal Chemistry: Fe₂O₃
Locality: near Covered Wells, Papago Indian Reservation, Arizona, USA
Source: University of Arizona Mineral Museum 12904 [view label]
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Reddish-black foliatated mass
Status: The identification of this mineral has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis

Mineral Group: [ Corundum (38) ]

Quick search: [ All Hematite samples (6) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R040024.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	(Fe_1.99Al_0.01)O₃
Microprobe Data File:	[ Download Excel File ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Sample is oriented and mounted on a pin

Pin ID:

M00584

Orientation:

Laser parallel to c* (0 0 1). Fiducial mark perpendicular to laser is parallel to b [0 1 0].

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R040024

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample perpendicular to the foliation

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

INFRARED SPECTRUM (Attenuated Total Reflectance)

RRUFF ID:

R040024.1

Instrument settings:

SensIR Durascope on a Nicolet Magna 860 FTIR

Resolution:

DOWNLOADS:

	Infrared Data (Processed)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R040024.1

Sample Description:

Powder

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 5.0329(3)Å b: 5.0329(3)Å c: 13.743(2)Å
alpha: 90.° beta: 90.° gamma: 120.° Volume: 301.49(4)Å³ Crystal System: hexagonal

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	Cell Refinement Data
	Cell Refinement Output Data
	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - Processed)
	RRUFF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Hematite
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Agricola G (1556) Hematite, in De Re Metallica, translated by Hoover H C and Hoover L H 1950 111-111 [view file]
Wallerius J G (1747) in Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket Stockholm [view file]
Pauling L, Hendricks S B (1925) The crystal structures of hematite and corundum, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 47, 781-790 [view file]
Hutton C O (1950) Studies of heavy detrital minerals, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 61, 635-710 [view file]
Bernal J D, Dasgupta D R, Mackay A L (1959) The oxides and hydroxides of iron and their structural inter-relationships, Clay Minerals Bulletin, 4, 15-30
Gorton A T, Bitsianes G, Joseph T L (1965) Thermal expansion coefficients for iron and its oxides from X-ray diffraction measurements at elevated temperatures, Transactions of the Metallurgical Society of AIME, 233, 1519-1525
Blake R L, Hessevick R E, Zoltai T, Finger L W (1966) Refinement of the hematite structure, American Mineralogist, 51, 123-129 [view file]
Pajari G E (1966) Abstract of paper presented at the eleventh meeting: The variation of magnetite–ulvospinel and hematite–ilmenite compositions in a differentiated alkaline intrusive, The Canadian Mineralogist, 8, 670-670 [view file]
International Mineralogical Association (1971) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 38, 102-105 [view file]
Finger L W, Hazen R M (1980) Crystal structure and isothermal compression of Fe₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, and V₂O₃ to 50 kbars, Journal of Applied Physics, 51, 5362-5367
International Mineralogical Association (1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 1053-1055 [view file]
Wolska E (1981) The structure of hydrohematite, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 154, 69-75 [view file]
Spear F S (1982) Phase equilibria of amphibolites from the post pond volcanics, Mt. cube quadrangle, Vermont, Journal of Petrology, 23, 383-426
Schwertmann U, Murad E (1983) Effect of pH on the formation of goethite and hematite from ferrihydrite, Clays and Clay Minerals, 31, 277-284 [view file]
Antipin M Y, Tsirelson V G, Flugge M P, Gerr R G, Struchkov Y T, Ozerov R P (1985) The electron density distribution in hematite α-Fe₂O₃ from precision X-ray diffraction data, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 281, 854-857 [view file]
Tsirelson V G, Antipin M Y, Streltsov R P, Ozerov R P, Struchkov Y T (1988) Electron density distribution and electric field gradient in hematite at 153 K determined from precision X-ray diffraction data, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 298, 1137-1141 [view file]
Wolska E, Schwertmann U (1989) Nonstoichiometric structures during dehydroxylation of goethite, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 189, 223-237 [view file]
Cornell R M, Giovanoli R (1991) Transformation of akaganéite into goethite and hematite in the presence of Mn, Clays and Clay Minerals, 39, 144-150 [view file]
Banin A, Ben-Shlomo T, Margulies L, Blake D F, Mancinelli R L (1993) The nanophase iron mineral(s) in Mars soil, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 20831-20853
Maslen E N, Streltsov V A, Streltsova N R, Ishizawa N (1994) Synchrotron X-ray study of the electron density in α-Fe₂O₃, Acta Crystallographica, B50, 435-441
Sadykov V A, Isupova L A, Tsybulya S V, Cherepanova S V, Litvak G S, Burgina E B, Kustova G N, Kolomiichuk V N, Ivanov V P, Paukshtis E A, Golovin A V, Avvakumov E G (1996) Effect of mechanical activation on the real structure and reactivity of iron(III) oxide with corundum-type structure, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 123, 191-202
Sawada H (1996) An electron density residual study of alpha-ferric oxide, Materials Research Bulletin, 31, 141-146
de Faria D L A, Silva S V, de Oliveira M T (1997) Raman microspectroscopy of some iron oxides and oxyhydroxides, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 28, 873-878 [link]
Oh S J, Cook D C, Townsend H E (1998) Characterization of iron oxides commonly formed as corrosion products on steel, Hyperfine Interactions, 112, 59-65 [link]
Yu S C, Lee J S, Tung S F, Lan C L (1999) Synthesis and structural features of a flux-grown hematite, Journal of the Geological Society of China, 42, 349-358 [view file]
Burgina E B, Kustova G N, Isupova L A, Tsybulya S V, Kryukova G N, Sadykov V A (2000) Investigation of the structure of protohematite - metastable phase of ferrum (III) oxide, Journal of Molecular catalysis A-Chemical, 158, 257-261 [link]
Rozenberg G K, Dubrovinsky L S, Pasternak M P, Naaman O, Le Bihan T, Ahuja R (2002) High-pressure structural studies of hematite Fe₂O₃, Physical Review B, 65, 064112
Shim S H, Duffy T S (2002) Spectroscopy of Fe₂O₃ to 62 GPa, American Mineralogist, 87, 318-326 [view file]
Cabral A R, Lehmann B, Kwitko-Ribeiro R, Jones R D, Rocha Filho O G (2003) On the association of palladium-bearing gold, hematite, and gypsum in an Ouro Preto nugget, The Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 473-478 [view file]
Baron V, Gutzmer J, Rundloef H, Tellgren R (2005) Neutron powder diffraction study of Mn-bearing hematite, α-(Fe_2-xMn_xO₃), in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.176, Solid State Sciences, 7, 753-759
Hamilton V E, McSween H Y, Hapke B (2005) Mineralogy of Martian atmospheric dust inferred from thermal infrared spectra of aerosols, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E12006 [link]
Kelm K, Mader W (2005) Synthesis and structural analysis of ε-Fe₂O₃, Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, 631, 2383-2389
Faria D L A, Lopes F N (2007) Heated goethite and natural hematite: can Raman spectroscopy be used to differentiate them?, Vibrational Spectroscopy, 45, 117-121
Hill A H, Jiao F, Bruce P G, Harrison A, Kockelmann W, Ritter C (2008) Neutron diffraction study of mesoporous and bulk hematite, α-Fe₂O₃, Chemistry of Materials, 20, 4891-4899
Pailhé N, Wattiaux A, Gaudon M, Demourgues A (2008) Impact of structural features on pigment properties of α-Fe₂O₃ haematite, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 181, 2697-2704
Gotic M, Koscec G, Music S (2009) Study of the reduction and reoxidation of substoichiometric magnetite, Journal of Molecular Structure, 924-26, 347-354
Mitra S, Das S, Basu S, Sahu P, Mandal K (2009) Shape- and field-dependent Morin transitions in structured α-Fe₂O₃, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 321, 2925-2931
Sakurai S, Namai A, Hashimoto K, Ohkoshi S (2009) First observation of phase transformation of all four Fe₂O₃ phases (γ->ε->β->α-phase), Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131, 18299-18303
Schouwink P, Dubrovinsky L, Glazyrin K, Merlini M, Hanfland M, Pippinger T, Miletich R (2011) High-pressure structural behavior of α-Fe₂O₃ studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and synchrotron radiation up to 25 GPa, American Mineralogist, 96, 1781-1786 [view file]
Woodland A B, Frost D J, Trots D M, Klimm K, Mezouar M (2012) In situ observation of the breakdown of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) to Fe₄O₅ and hematite at high pressures and temperatures, American Mineralogist, 97, 1808-1811 [view file]
Peterson K M, Heaney P J, Post J E, Eng P J (2015) A refined monoclinic structure for a variety of "hydrohematite", American Mineralogist, 100, 570-579
Kreissl S, Bolanz R, Göttlicher J, Steininger R, Tarassov, Markl G (2016) Structural incorporation of W⁶⁺ into hematite and goethite: A combined study of natural and synthetic iron oxides developed from precursor ferrihydrite and the preservation of ancient fluid compositions in hematite, American Mineralogist, 101, 2701-2715
Brok E, Frandsen C, Lefmann K, McEnroe S, Robinson P, Burton B P, Hansen T C, Harrison R (2017) Spin orientation in solid solution hematite-ilmenite, American Mineralogist, 102, 1234-1243
Bowles J F W, Suárez S, Prichard H M, Fisher P C (2018) The mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of the alluvial platinum-group minerals of the Freetown Layered Complex, Sierra Leone, Mineralogical Magazine, 82, S223-S246
Grey I E, Kampf A R, Keck E, MacRae C M, Cashion J D, Gozukara Y (2018) Crystal chemistry of schoonerite-group minerals, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 621-634 [view file]
Grey I E, Keck E, Macrae C M, Glenn A M, Mumme W G, Kampf A R, Cashion J D (2018) Secondary Zn-bearing phosphate minerals associated with alteration of phosphophyllite at Hagendorf-Süd, Bavaria, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 1007-1020
Negrão L B A, Da Costa M L, Pöllmann H, Horn A (2018) An application of the Rietveld refinement method to the mineralogy of a bauxite-bearing regolith in the Lower Amazon, Mineralogical Magazine, 82, 413-431
Voelz J L, Arnold W A, Penn R L (2018) Redox-induced nucleation and growth of goethite on synthetic hematite nanoparticles, American Mineralogist, 103, 1021-1029
Hikosaka K, Sinmyo R, Hirose K, Ishii T, Ohishi Y (2019) The stability of Fe₅O₆ and Fe₄O₅ at high pressure and temperature, American Mineralogist, 104, 1356-1359
Knafelc J, Filiberto J, Ferré E C, Conder J A, Costello L, Crandall J R, Dyar M D, Friedman S A, Hummer D R, Schwenzer S P (2019) The effect of oxidation on the mineralogy and magnetic properties of olivine, American Mineralogist, 104, 694-702
Xu H, Jin S, Lee S, Hobbs F W C (2019) Nano-phase KNa(Si₆Al₂)O₁₆ in adularia: A new member in the alkali feldspar series with ordered K-Na distribution, Minerals, 9, 649 (1-9)

REFERENCES for Hematite

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Agricola G (1556) Hematite, in De Re Metallica, translated by Hoover H C and Hoover L H 1950 111-111 [view file]

Wallerius J G (1747) in Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket Stockholm [view file]

Pauling L, Hendricks S B (1925) The crystal structures of hematite and corundum, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 47, 781-790 [view file]

Hutton C O (1950) Studies of heavy detrital minerals, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 61, 635-710 [view file]

Bernal J D, Dasgupta D R, Mackay A L (1959) The oxides and hydroxides of iron and their structural inter-relationships, Clay Minerals Bulletin, 4, 15-30

Gorton A T, Bitsianes G, Joseph T L (1965) Thermal expansion coefficients for iron and its oxides from X-ray diffraction measurements at elevated temperatures, Transactions of the Metallurgical Society of AIME, 233, 1519-1525

Blake R L, Hessevick R E, Zoltai T, Finger L W (1966) Refinement of the hematite structure, American Mineralogist, 51, 123-129 [view file]

Pajari G E (1966) Abstract of paper presented at the eleventh meeting: The variation of magnetite–ulvospinel and hematite–ilmenite compositions in a differentiated alkaline intrusive, The Canadian Mineralogist, 8, 670-670 [view file]

International Mineralogical Association (1971) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 38, 102-105 [view file]

Finger L W, Hazen R M (1980) Crystal structure and isothermal compression of Fe₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, and V₂O₃ to 50 kbars, Journal of Applied Physics, 51, 5362-5367

International Mineralogical Association (1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names, Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 1053-1055 [view file]

Wolska E (1981) The structure of hydrohematite, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 154, 69-75 [view file]

Spear F S (1982) Phase equilibria of amphibolites from the post pond volcanics, Mt. cube quadrangle, Vermont, Journal of Petrology, 23, 383-426

Schwertmann U, Murad E (1983) Effect of pH on the formation of goethite and hematite from ferrihydrite, Clays and Clay Minerals, 31, 277-284 [view file]

Antipin M Y, Tsirelson V G, Flugge M P, Gerr R G, Struchkov Y T, Ozerov R P (1985) The electron density distribution in hematite α-Fe₂O₃ from precision X-ray diffraction data, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 281, 854-857 [view file]

Tsirelson V G, Antipin M Y, Streltsov R P, Ozerov R P, Struchkov Y T (1988) Electron density distribution and electric field gradient in hematite at 153 K determined from precision X-ray diffraction data, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 298, 1137-1141 [view file]

Wolska E, Schwertmann U (1989) Nonstoichiometric structures during dehydroxylation of goethite, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 189, 223-237 [view file]

Cornell R M, Giovanoli R (1991) Transformation of akaganéite into goethite and hematite in the presence of Mn, Clays and Clay Minerals, 39, 144-150 [view file]

Banin A, Ben-Shlomo T, Margulies L, Blake D F, Mancinelli R L (1993) The nanophase iron mineral(s) in Mars soil, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 20831-20853

Maslen E N, Streltsov V A, Streltsova N R, Ishizawa N (1994) Synchrotron X-ray study of the electron density in α-Fe₂O₃, Acta Crystallographica, B50, 435-441

Sadykov V A, Isupova L A, Tsybulya S V, Cherepanova S V, Litvak G S, Burgina E B, Kustova G N, Kolomiichuk V N, Ivanov V P, Paukshtis E A, Golovin A V, Avvakumov E G (1996) Effect of mechanical activation on the real structure and reactivity of iron(III) oxide with corundum-type structure, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 123, 191-202

Sawada H (1996) An electron density residual study of alpha-ferric oxide, Materials Research Bulletin, 31, 141-146

de Faria D L A, Silva S V, de Oliveira M T (1997) Raman microspectroscopy of some iron oxides and oxyhydroxides, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 28, 873-878 [link]

Oh S J, Cook D C, Townsend H E (1998) Characterization of iron oxides commonly formed as corrosion products on steel, Hyperfine Interactions, 112, 59-65 [link]

Yu S C, Lee J S, Tung S F, Lan C L (1999) Synthesis and structural features of a flux-grown hematite, Journal of the Geological Society of China, 42, 349-358 [view file]

Burgina E B, Kustova G N, Isupova L A, Tsybulya S V, Kryukova G N, Sadykov V A (2000) Investigation of the structure of protohematite - metastable phase of ferrum (III) oxide, Journal of Molecular catalysis A-Chemical, 158, 257-261 [link]

Rozenberg G K, Dubrovinsky L S, Pasternak M P, Naaman O, Le Bihan T, Ahuja R (2002) High-pressure structural studies of hematite Fe₂O₃, Physical Review B, 65, 064112

Shim S H, Duffy T S (2002) Spectroscopy of Fe₂O₃ to 62 GPa, American Mineralogist, 87, 318-326 [view file]

Cabral A R, Lehmann B, Kwitko-Ribeiro R, Jones R D, Rocha Filho O G (2003) On the association of palladium-bearing gold, hematite, and gypsum in an Ouro Preto nugget, The Canadian Mineralogist, 41, 473-478 [view file]

Baron V, Gutzmer J, Rundloef H, Tellgren R (2005) Neutron powder diffraction study of Mn-bearing hematite, α-(Fe_2-xMn_xO₃), in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.176, Solid State Sciences, 7, 753-759

Hamilton V E, McSween H Y, Hapke B (2005) Mineralogy of Martian atmospheric dust inferred from thermal infrared spectra of aerosols, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E12006 [link]

Kelm K, Mader W (2005) Synthesis and structural analysis of ε-Fe₂O₃, Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, 631, 2383-2389

Faria D L A, Lopes F N (2007) Heated goethite and natural hematite: can Raman spectroscopy be used to differentiate them?, Vibrational Spectroscopy, 45, 117-121

Hill A H, Jiao F, Bruce P G, Harrison A, Kockelmann W, Ritter C (2008) Neutron diffraction study of mesoporous and bulk hematite, α-Fe₂O₃, Chemistry of Materials, 20, 4891-4899

Pailhé N, Wattiaux A, Gaudon M, Demourgues A (2008) Impact of structural features on pigment properties of α-Fe₂O₃ haematite, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 181, 2697-2704

Gotic M, Koscec G, Music S (2009) Study of the reduction and reoxidation of substoichiometric magnetite, Journal of Molecular Structure, 924-26, 347-354

Mitra S, Das S, Basu S, Sahu P, Mandal K (2009) Shape- and field-dependent Morin transitions in structured α-Fe₂O₃, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 321, 2925-2931

Sakurai S, Namai A, Hashimoto K, Ohkoshi S (2009) First observation of phase transformation of all four Fe₂O₃ phases (γ->ε->β->α-phase), Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131, 18299-18303

Schouwink P, Dubrovinsky L, Glazyrin K, Merlini M, Hanfland M, Pippinger T, Miletich R (2011) High-pressure structural behavior of α-Fe₂O₃ studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and synchrotron radiation up to 25 GPa, American Mineralogist, 96, 1781-1786 [view file]

Woodland A B, Frost D J, Trots D M, Klimm K, Mezouar M (2012) In situ observation of the breakdown of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) to Fe₄O₅ and hematite at high pressures and temperatures, American Mineralogist, 97, 1808-1811 [view file]

Peterson K M, Heaney P J, Post J E, Eng P J (2015) A refined monoclinic structure for a variety of "hydrohematite", American Mineralogist, 100, 570-579

Kreissl S, Bolanz R, Göttlicher J, Steininger R, Tarassov, Markl G (2016) Structural incorporation of W⁶⁺ into hematite and goethite: A combined study of natural and synthetic iron oxides developed from precursor ferrihydrite and the preservation of ancient fluid compositions in hematite, American Mineralogist, 101, 2701-2715

Brok E, Frandsen C, Lefmann K, McEnroe S, Robinson P, Burton B P, Hansen T C, Harrison R (2017) Spin orientation in solid solution hematite-ilmenite, American Mineralogist, 102, 1234-1243

Bowles J F W, Suárez S, Prichard H M, Fisher P C (2018) The mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of the alluvial platinum-group minerals of the Freetown Layered Complex, Sierra Leone, Mineralogical Magazine, 82, S223-S246

Grey I E, Kampf A R, Keck E, MacRae C M, Cashion J D, Gozukara Y (2018) Crystal chemistry of schoonerite-group minerals, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 621-634 [view file]

Grey I E, Keck E, Macrae C M, Glenn A M, Mumme W G, Kampf A R, Cashion J D (2018) Secondary Zn-bearing phosphate minerals associated with alteration of phosphophyllite at Hagendorf-Süd, Bavaria, European Journal of Mineralogy, 30, 1007-1020

Negrão L B A, Da Costa M L, Pöllmann H, Horn A (2018) An application of the Rietveld refinement method to the mineralogy of a bauxite-bearing regolith in the Lower Amazon, Mineralogical Magazine, 82, 413-431

Voelz J L, Arnold W A, Penn R L (2018) Redox-induced nucleation and growth of goethite on synthetic hematite nanoparticles, American Mineralogist, 103, 1021-1029

Hikosaka K, Sinmyo R, Hirose K, Ishii T, Ohishi Y (2019) The stability of Fe₅O₆ and Fe₄O₅ at high pressure and temperature, American Mineralogist, 104, 1356-1359

Knafelc J, Filiberto J, Ferré E C, Conder J A, Costello L, Crandall J R, Dyar M D, Friedman S A, Hummer D R, Schwenzer S P (2019) The effect of oxidation on the mineralogy and magnetic properties of olivine, American Mineralogist, 104, 694-702

Xu H, Jin S, Lee S, Hobbs F W C (2019) Nano-phase KNa(Si₆Al₂)O₁₆ in adularia: A new member in the alkali feldspar series with ordered K-Na distribution, Minerals, 9, 649 (1-9)