Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Sounion Mine No. 19 ("Chloridstollen"), Sounion Mines, Sounion Area, Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece

Oldest recorded age at locality: 20.2
Youngest recorded age at locality: 3.6

mindat Locality ID: 10471
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-10471.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Sounion Mine No. 19 ("Chloridstollen"), Sounion Mines, Sounion Area, Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece": 0
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 0

Latitude: 37°40'22"N
Longitude: 24°0'55"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 37.672777777778,24.015277777778

AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Ba Bi C Ca Cd Cl Cr Cu F Fe H K Mg Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Si V Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ag Al As Ba Bi C Ca Cd Cl Cr Cu F Fe H K Mg Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Si V Zn 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AdeliteAluniteApatiteAragoniteArsenopyriteArtiniteAtacamiteBaryteBismutiteBrochantite
BruciteCalciteCaledoniteChalcanthiteChalcopyriteClaringbulliteClayConnelliteCorundumCovellite
DescloiziteDevillineDiasporeEpsomiteFluoriteFornaciteGypsumHexahydriteHydrotalciteKaolinite
KieseriteKtenasiteLepidocrociteLinariteMalachiteMarcasiteMatlockiteMixiteNatrochalciteNone
Not in a structural groupPerovskitePyritePyrochloreQuartzRocksaltSpangoliteSphaleriteStarkeyiteSulphur
TetrahedriteWoodwardite

106 IMA Minerals at location:
Anglesite  (*)Ankerite  (*)Antlerite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)
Artinite  (*)Atacamite  (*)Aurichalcite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Beaverite-(Cu)  (*)Bianchite  (*)Bindheimite  (*)Bismoclite  (*)Bismutite  (*)
Bobkingite  (*)Boleite  (*)Botallackite  (*)Boyleite  (*)Brianyoungite  (*)
Brochantite  (*)Brucite  (*)Calcite  (*)Caledonite  (*)Cerussite  (*)
Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chlorargyrite  (*)Christelite  (*)
Claringbullite  (*)Conichalcite  (*)Connellite  (*)Covellite  (*)Creedite  (*)
Cumengeite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Descloizite  (*)Diaboleite  (*)Dolomite  (*)
Duftite  (*)Dypingite  (*)Edwardsite  (*)Ferrinatrite  (*)Fluorite  (*)
Fornacite  (*)Galena  (*)Gibbsite  (*)Glaucocerinite  (*)Goethite  (*)
Gordaite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Hematite  (*)Hemimorphite  (*)Herbertsmithite  (*)
Hexahydrite  (*)Huntite  (*)Hydrocerussite  (*)Halloysite-10Å  (*)Hydromagnesite  (*)
Hydrotalcite  (*)Hydrozincite  (*)Kapellasite  (*)Kieserite  (*)Ktenasite  (*)
Lansfordite  (*)Lazaridisite  (*)Lepidocrocite  (*)Linarite  (*)Lukrahnite  (*)
Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Meixnerite  (*)Metasideronatrite  (*)Mimetite  (*)
Mixite  (*)Morenosite  (*)Nakauriite  (*)Natrojarosite  (*)Nesquehonite  (*)
Nickelhexahydrite  (*)Niedermayrite  (*)Orthoserpierite  (*)Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)Paralaurionite  (*)
Paratacamite  (*)Penfieldite  (*)Plumbojarosite  (*)Pseudoboleite  (*)Pyrite  (*)
Pyromorphite  (*)Quartz  (*)Scorodite  (*)Segnitite  (*)Serpierite  (*)
Siderite  (*)Sideronatrite  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Spangolite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)
Starkeyite  (*)Sulphur  (*)Takovite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Tsumcorite  (*)
Voudourisite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)20.23.602734
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)220.23.603092
Antlerite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2+3(SO4)(OH)420.23.60246
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)20.23.603250
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS20.23.609052
Artinite  (*)ArtiniteMg2(CO3)(OH)2·3H2O20.23.6075
Atacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)320.23.60544
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)620.23.60919
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)220.23.605509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)20.23.6011547
Beaverite-(Cu)  (*)AlunitePb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)620.23.60132
Bianchite  (*)HexahydriteZn(SO4)·6H2O20.23.6040
Bindheimite  (*)PyrochlorePb2Sb5+2O720.23.60450
Bismoclite  (*)MatlockiteBiOCl20.23.6071
Bismutite  (*)BismutiteBi2O2(CO3)20.23.60716
Bobkingite  (*)NoneCu5Cl2(OH)8·2H2O20.23.603
Boleite  (*)NoneKAg9Pb26Cu24Cl62(OH)4820.23.6065
Botallackite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)320.23.6049
Boyleite  (*)StarkeyiteZn(SO4)·4H2O20.23.6023
Brianyoungite  (*)NoneZn3(CO3)(OH)420.23.6079
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)620.23.601633
Brucite  (*)BruciteMg(OH)220.23.60462
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)20.23.6027770
Caledonite  (*)CaledoniteCu2Pb5(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)620.23.60359
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)20.23.604979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O20.23.60925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S20.23.605707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS220.23.6027198
Chlorargyrite  (*)RocksaltAgCl20.23.601382
Christelite  (*)KtenasiteZn3Cu2(SO4)2(OH)6·4H2O20.23.605
Claringbullite  (*)ClaringbulliteCu2+4FCl(OH)620.23.6013
Conichalcite  (*)AdeliteCaCu(AsO4)(OH)20.23.60363
Connellite  (*)ConnelliteCu36(SO4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O20.23.60295
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS20.23.604165
Creedite  (*)NoneCa3Al2(SO4)(OH)2F8·2H2O20.23.6048
Cumengeite  (*)NonePb21Cu20Cl42(OH)40·6H2O20.23.6043
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O20.23.602970
Descloizite  (*)DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)20.23.60378
Diaboleite  (*)PerovskiteCuPb2Cl2(OH)420.23.6057
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)220.23.609895
Duftite  (*)AdelitePbCu(AsO4)(OH)20.23.60220
Dypingite  (*)NoneMg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5H2O20.23.6050
Edwardsite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3Cd2(SO4)2(OH)6·4H2O20.23.605
Ferrinatrite  (*)NoneNa3Fe3+(SO4)3·3H2O20.23.6025
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF220.23.609617
Fornacite  (*)FornaciteCuPb2(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH)20.23.6085
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS20.23.6024243
Gibbsite  (*)NoneAl(OH)320.23.60504
Glaucocerinite  (*)Woodwardite Hydrotalcite(Zn1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)20.23.6020
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)20.23.607437
Gordaite  (*)KtenasiteNaZn4(SO4)(OH)6Cl·6H2O20.23.6017
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O20.23.606890
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O320.23.6014640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O20.23.601689
Herbertsmithite  (*)AtacamiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl220.23.6021
Hexahydrite  (*)HexahydriteMg(SO4)·6H2O20.23.60251
Huntite  (*)Not in a structural groupCaMg3(CO3)420.23.6069
Hydrocerussite  (*)NonePb3(CO3)2(OH)220.23.60201
Halloysite-10Å  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4·2H2O20.23.6062
Hydromagnesite  (*)NoneMg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O20.23.60341
Hydrotalcite  (*)HydrotalciteMg6Al2CO3(OH)16(H2O)420.23.6087
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)620.23.601066
Kapellasite  (*)AtacamiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl220.23.602
Kieserite  (*)KieseriteMg(SO4)·H2O20.23.6080
Ktenasite  (*)Ktenasite DevillineZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·6H2O20.23.6075
Lansfordite  (*)NoneMg(CO3)·5H2O20.23.6017
Lazaridisite  (*)Not in a structural groupCd3(SO4)3·8H2O20.23.602
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)20.23.60581
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)220.23.60987
Lukrahnite  (*)NoneCaCuFe3+(AsO4)2(OH,H2O)220.23.604
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)220.23.6012537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS220.23.605674
Meixnerite  (*)HydrotalciteMg6Al2(OH)16(OH)2·4H2O20.23.605
Metasideronatrite  (*)NoneNa2Fe3+(SO4)2(OH)·H2O20.23.6028
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl20.23.601107
Mixite  (*)MixiteCu6Bi(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O20.23.60168
Morenosite  (*)EpsomiteNi(SO4)·7H2O20.23.6084
Nakauriite  (*)NoneCu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6·48H2O20.23.6012
Natrojarosite  (*)AluniteNaFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)620.23.60254
Nesquehonite  (*)NoneMg(CO3)·3H2O20.23.6080
Nickelhexahydrite  (*)HexahydriteNi(SO4)·6H2O20.23.6037
Niedermayrite  (*)NoneCu4Cd(SO4)2(OH)6·4H2O20.23.608
Orthoserpierite  (*)NoneCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O20.23.6040
Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)PyriteNiAsS20.23.60767
Paralaurionite  (*)NonePbCl(OH)20.23.6046
Paratacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)Cl2(OH)620.23.60158
Penfieldite  (*)NonePb2Cl3(OH)20.23.6022
Plumbojarosite  (*)AlunitePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)620.23.60477
Pseudoboleite  (*)NonePb31Cu24Cl62(OH)4820.23.6033
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS220.23.6039462
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl20.23.601725
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO220.23.6061156
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O20.23.601153
Segnitite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)620.23.60134
Serpierite  (*)DevillineCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O20.23.60292
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)20.23.606417
Sideronatrite  (*)NoneNa2Fe3+(SO4)2(OH)·3H2O20.23.6073
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)20.23.602473
Spangolite  (*)SpangoliteCu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl·3H2O20.23.60105
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS20.23.6021482
Starkeyite  (*)StarkeyiteMg(SO4)·4H2O20.23.6079
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS20.23.602045
Takovite  (*)HydrotalciteNi6Al2(CO3)(OH)16·4H2O20.23.6018
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S1320.23.605317
Tsumcorite  (*)NatrochalcitePbZn2(AsO4)2·2H2O20.23.6029
Voudourisite  (*)KieseriteCd(SO4)·H2O20.23.603



2 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Kristen00252620.23.611.9±8.3 age of ore formation   Yes Pb, Zn, Ag14187Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, GreeceLavrionLiati et al. (2009)10.1017/S0016756809006438GM146_732 
sedznpb-0021210710–7     Yes  1942Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, GreeceLauriumSinger et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1252 


SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R140623Sounion Mine No. 19 ("Chloridstollen"), Sounion Mines, Sounion Area, Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greecehttps://rruff.info/R140623


All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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