Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Sounion Mine No. 19 ("Chloridstollen"), Sounion Mines, Sounion Area, Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece

Oldest recorded age at locality: 20.2
Youngest recorded age at locality: 3.6

mindat Locality ID: 10471
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-10471.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Sounion Mine No. 19 ("Chloridstollen"), Sounion Mines, Sounion Area, Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece": 0
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 0

Latitude: 37°40'22"N
Longitude: 24°0'55"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 37.672777777778,24.015277777778

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Adelite	Alunite	Apatite	Aragonite	Arsenopyrite	Artinite	Atacamite	Baryte	Bismutite	Brochantite
Brucite	Calcite	Caledonite	Chalcanthite	Chalcopyrite	Claringbullite	Clay	Connellite	Corundum	Covellite
Descloizite	Devilline	Diaspore	Epsomite	Fluorite	Fornacite	Gypsum	Hexahydrite	Hydrotalcite	Kaolinite
Kieserite	Ktenasite	Lepidocrocite	Linarite	Malachite	Marcasite	Matlockite	Mixite	Natrochalcite	None
Not in a structural group	Perovskite	Pyrite	Pyrochlore	Quartz	Rocksalt	Spangolite	Sphalerite	Starkeyite	Sulphur
Tetrahedrite	Woodwardite

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Ba Bi C Ca Cd Cl Cr Cu F Fe H K Mg Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Si V Zn

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ag Al As Ba Bi C Ca Cd Cl Cr Cu F Fe H K Mg Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Si V Zn

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Adelite Alunite Apatite Aragonite Arsenopyrite Artinite Atacamite Baryte Bismutite Brochantite
Brucite Calcite Caledonite Chalcanthite Chalcopyrite Claringbullite Clay Connellite Corundum Covellite
Descloizite Devilline Diaspore Epsomite Fluorite Fornacite Gypsum Hexahydrite Hydrotalcite Kaolinite
Kieserite Ktenasite Lepidocrocite Linarite Malachite Marcasite Matlockite Mixite Natrochalcite None
Not in a structural group Perovskite Pyrite Pyrochlore Quartz Rocksalt Spangolite Sphalerite Starkeyite Sulphur
Tetrahedrite Woodwardite

106 IMA Minerals at location:

Anglesite ()*	Ankerite ()*	Antlerite ()*	Aragonite ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*
Artinite ()*	Atacamite ()*	Aurichalcite ()*	Azurite ()*	Baryte ()*
Beaverite-(Cu) ()*	Bianchite ()*	Bindheimite ()*	Bismoclite ()*	Bismutite ()*
Bobkingite ()*	Boleite ()*	Botallackite ()*	Boyleite ()*	Brianyoungite ()*
Brochantite ()*	Brucite ()*	Calcite ()*	Caledonite ()*	Cerussite ()*
Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Chlorargyrite ()*	Christelite ()*
Claringbullite ()*	Conichalcite ()*	Connellite ()*	Covellite ()*	Creedite ()*
Cumengeite ()*	Cuprite ()*	Descloizite ()*	Diaboleite ()*	Dolomite ()*
Duftite ()*	Dypingite ()*	Edwardsite ()*	Ferrinatrite ()*	Fluorite ()*
Fornacite ()*	Galena ()*	Gibbsite ()*	Glaucocerinite ()*	Goethite ()*
Gordaite ()*	Gypsum ()*	Hematite ()*	Hemimorphite ()*	Herbertsmithite ()*
Hexahydrite ()*	Huntite ()*	Hydrocerussite ()*	Halloysite-10Å ()*	Hydromagnesite ()*
Hydrotalcite ()*	Hydrozincite ()*	Kapellasite ()*	Kieserite ()*	Ktenasite ()*
Lansfordite ()*	Lazaridisite ()*	Lepidocrocite ()*	Linarite ()*	Lukrahnite ()*
Malachite ()*	Marcasite ()*	Meixnerite ()*	Metasideronatrite ()*	Mimetite ()*
Mixite ()*	Morenosite ()*	Nakauriite ()*	Natrojarosite ()*	Nesquehonite ()*
Nickelhexahydrite ()*	Niedermayrite ()*	Orthoserpierite ()*	Gersdorffite-Pa3 ()*	Paralaurionite ()*
Paratacamite ()*	Penfieldite ()*	Plumbojarosite ()*	Pseudoboleite ()*	Pyrite ()*
Pyromorphite ()*	Quartz ()*	Scorodite ()*	Segnitite ()*	Serpierite ()*
Siderite ()*	Sideronatrite ()*	Smithsonite ()*	Spangolite ()*	Sphalerite ()*
Starkeyite ()*	Sulphur ()*	Takovite ()*	Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tsumcorite ()*
Voudourisite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of localities containing mineral
Anglesite ()*	Baryte	Pb(SO₄)	20.2	3.6	2734
Ankerite ()*	None	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂	20.2	3.6	3092
Antlerite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu²⁺₃(SO₄)(OH)₄	20.2	3.6	246
Aragonite ()*	Aragonite	Ca(CO₃)	20.2	3.6	3250
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	20.2	3.6	9052
Artinite ()*	Artinite	Mg₂(CO₃)(OH)₂·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	75
Atacamite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₂Cl(OH)₃	20.2	3.6	544
Aurichalcite ()*	None	(Zn,Cu)₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	919
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	20.2	3.6	5509
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	20.2	3.6	11547
Beaverite-(Cu) ()*	Alunite	Pb(Fe³⁺₂Cu)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	132
Bianchite ()*	Hexahydrite	Zn(SO₄)·6H₂O	20.2	3.6	40
Bindheimite ()*	Pyrochlore	Pb₂Sb⁵⁺₂O₇	20.2	3.6	450
Bismoclite ()*	Matlockite	BiOCl	20.2	3.6	71
Bismutite ()*	Bismutite	Bi₂O₂(CO₃)	20.2	3.6	716
Bobkingite ()*	None	Cu₅Cl₂(OH)₈·2H₂O	20.2	3.6	3
Boleite ()*	None	KAg₉Pb₂₆Cu₂₄Cl₆₂(OH)₄₈	20.2	3.6	65
Botallackite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₂Cl(OH)₃	20.2	3.6	49
Boyleite ()*	Starkeyite	Zn(SO₄)·4H₂O	20.2	3.6	23
Brianyoungite ()*	None	Zn₃(CO₃)(OH)₄	20.2	3.6	79
Brochantite ()*	Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	1633
Brucite ()*	Brucite	Mg(OH)₂	20.2	3.6	462
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	20.2	3.6	27770
Caledonite ()*	Caledonite	Cu₂Pb₅(SO₄)₃(CO₃)(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	359
Cerussite ()*	Aragonite	Pb(CO₃)	20.2	3.6	4979
Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcanthite	Cu(SO₄)·5H₂O	20.2	3.6	925
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	20.2	3.6	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	20.2	3.6	27198
Chlorargyrite ()*	Rocksalt	AgCl	20.2	3.6	1382
Christelite ()*	Ktenasite	Zn₃Cu₂(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·4H₂O	20.2	3.6	5
Claringbullite ()*	Claringbullite	Cu²⁺₄FCl(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	13
Conichalcite ()*	Adelite	CaCu(AsO₄)(OH)	20.2	3.6	363
Connellite ()*	Connellite	Cu₃₆(SO₄)(OH)₆₂Cl₈·6H₂O	20.2	3.6	295
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	20.2	3.6	4165
Creedite ()*	None	Ca₃Al₂(SO₄)(OH)₂F₈·2H₂O	20.2	3.6	48
Cumengeite ()*	None	Pb₂₁Cu₂₀Cl₄₂(OH)₄₀·6H₂O	20.2	3.6	43
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O	20.2	3.6	2970
Descloizite ()*	Descloizite	PbZn(VO₄)(OH)	20.2	3.6	378
Diaboleite ()*	Perovskite	CuPb₂Cl₂(OH)₄	20.2	3.6	57
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	20.2	3.6	9895
Duftite ()*	Adelite	PbCu(AsO₄)(OH)	20.2	3.6	220
Dypingite ()*	None	Mg₅(CO₃)₄(OH)₂·5H₂O	20.2	3.6	50
Edwardsite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃Cd₂(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·4H₂O	20.2	3.6	5
Ferrinatrite ()*	None	Na₃Fe³⁺(SO₄)₃·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	25
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂	20.2	3.6	9617
Fornacite ()*	Fornacite	CuPb₂(CrO₄)(AsO₄)(OH)	20.2	3.6	85
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	20.2	3.6	24243
Gibbsite ()*	None	Al(OH)₃	20.2	3.6	504
Glaucocerinite ()*	Woodwardite Hydrotalcite	(Zn_1-xAl_x)(SO₄)_x/2(OH)₂·nH₂O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)	20.2	3.6	20
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	20.2	3.6	7437
Gordaite ()*	Ktenasite	NaZn₄(SO₄)(OH)₆Cl·6H₂O	20.2	3.6	17
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	20.2	3.6	6890
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	20.2	3.6	14640
Hemimorphite ()*	Not in a structural group	Zn₄(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂·H₂O	20.2	3.6	1689
Herbertsmithite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₃Zn(OH)₆Cl₂	20.2	3.6	21
Hexahydrite ()*	Hexahydrite	Mg(SO₄)·6H₂O	20.2	3.6	251
Huntite ()*	Not in a structural group	CaMg₃(CO₃)₄	20.2	3.6	69
Hydrocerussite ()*	None	Pb₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	20.2	3.6	201
Halloysite-10Å ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·2H₂O	20.2	3.6	62
Hydromagnesite ()*	None	Mg₅(CO₃)₄(OH)₂·4H₂O	20.2	3.6	341
Hydrotalcite ()*	Hydrotalcite	Mg₆Al₂CO₃(OH)₁₆(H₂O)₄	20.2	3.6	87
Hydrozincite ()*	None	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	1066
Kapellasite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₃Zn(OH)₆Cl₂	20.2	3.6	2
Kieserite ()*	Kieserite	Mg(SO₄)·H₂O	20.2	3.6	80
Ktenasite ()*	Ktenasite Devilline	ZnCu₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·6H₂O	20.2	3.6	75
Lansfordite ()*	None	Mg(CO₃)·5H₂O	20.2	3.6	17
Lazaridisite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cd₃(SO₄)₃·8H₂O	20.2	3.6	2
Lepidocrocite ()*	Lepidocrocite	Fe³⁺O(OH)	20.2	3.6	581
Linarite ()*	Linarite	CuPb(SO₄)(OH)₂	20.2	3.6	987
Lukrahnite ()*	None	CaCuFe³⁺(AsO₄)₂(OH,H₂O)₂	20.2	3.6	4
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	20.2	3.6	12537
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂	20.2	3.6	5674
Meixnerite ()*	Hydrotalcite	Mg₆Al₂(OH)₁₆(OH)₂·4H₂O	20.2	3.6	5
Metasideronatrite ()*	None	Na₂Fe³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)·H₂O	20.2	3.6	28
Mimetite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl	20.2	3.6	1107
Mixite ()*	Mixite	Cu₆Bi(AsO₄)₃(OH)₆·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	168
Morenosite ()*	Epsomite	Ni(SO₄)·7H₂O	20.2	3.6	84
Nakauriite ()*	None	Cu₈(SO₄)₄(CO₃)(OH)₆·48H₂O	20.2	3.6	12
Natrojarosite ()*	Alunite	NaFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	254
Nesquehonite ()*	None	Mg(CO₃)·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	80
Nickelhexahydrite ()*	Hexahydrite	Ni(SO₄)·6H₂O	20.2	3.6	37
Niedermayrite ()*	None	Cu₄Cd(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·4H₂O	20.2	3.6	8
Orthoserpierite ()*	None	CaCu₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	40
Gersdorffite-Pa3 ()*	Pyrite	NiAsS	20.2	3.6	767
Paralaurionite ()*	None	PbCl(OH)	20.2	3.6	46
Paratacamite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₃(Cu,Zn)Cl₂(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	158
Penfieldite ()*	None	Pb₂Cl₃(OH)	20.2	3.6	22
Plumbojarosite ()*	Alunite	Pb_0.5Fe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	477
Pseudoboleite ()*	None	Pb₃₁Cu₂₄Cl₆₂(OH)₄₈	20.2	3.6	33
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	20.2	3.6	39462
Pyromorphite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl	20.2	3.6	1725
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	20.2	3.6	61156
Scorodite ()*	None	Fe³⁺(AsO₄)·2H₂O	20.2	3.6	1153
Segnitite ()*	Alunite	PbFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	134
Serpierite ()*	Devilline	Ca(Cu,Zn)₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	292
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)	20.2	3.6	6417
Sideronatrite ()*	None	Na₂Fe³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	73
Smithsonite ()*	Calcite	Zn(CO₃)	20.2	3.6	2473
Spangolite ()*	Spangolite	Cu₆Al(SO₄)(OH)₁₂Cl·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	105
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	20.2	3.6	21482
Starkeyite ()*	Starkeyite	Mg(SO₄)·4H₂O	20.2	3.6	79
Sulphur ()*	Sulphur	S	20.2	3.6	2045
Takovite ()*	Hydrotalcite	Ni₆Al₂(CO₃)(OH)₁₆·4H₂O	20.2	3.6	18
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃	20.2	3.6	5317
Tsumcorite ()*	Natrochalcite	PbZn₂(AsO₄)₂·2H₂O	20.2	3.6	29
Voudourisite ()*	Kieserite	Cd(SO₄)·H₂O	20.2	3.6	3

2 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	Kristen002526	20.2	3.6	11.9±8.3		age of ore formation					Yes			Pb, Zn, Ag	14187	Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece	Lavrion	Liati et al. (2009)	10.1017/S0016756809006438	GM146_732
	sedznpb-00212	10	7	10–7							Yes				1942	Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece	Laurium	Singer et al. (2009)		USGSOFR2009-1252

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R140623	Sounion Mine No. 19 ("Chloridstollen"), Sounion Mines, Sounion Area, Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece	https://rruff.info/R140623

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...