Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Sounion Mines, Sounion Area, Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece

Oldest recorded age at locality: 20.2
Youngest recorded age at locality: 3.6

mindat Locality ID: 233207
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-233207.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Sounion Mines, Sounion Area, Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece": 4
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 4

Number of Child Localities: 4
Child Localities:
Russia Mine
Sounion Mine No. 12
Sounion Mine No. 17
Sounion Mine No. 19 ("Chloridstollen")

Latitude: 37°40'10"N
Longitude: 24°0'59"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 37.669444444444,24.016388888889

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Adelite	Alunite	Apatite	Aragonite	Arsenopyrite	Artinite	Atacamite	Baryte	Bismutite	Bournonite
Brochantite	Brucite	Calcite	Caledonite	Chalcanthite	Chalcopyrite	Claringbullite	Clay	Connellite	Copiapite
Coronadite	Corundum	Covellite	Descloizite	Devilline	Diaspore	Epsomite	Fluorite	Fornacite	Gypsum
Hexahydrite	Hydrotalcite	Kaolinite	Kieserite	Ktenasite	Lepidocrocite	Linarite	Malachite	Marcasite	Matlockite
Melanterite	Mixite	Natrochalcite	None	Not in a structural group	Perovskite	Pyrite	Pyrochlore	Quartz	Rocksalt
Spangolite	Sphalerite	Starkeyite	Sulphur	Tetrahedrite	Woodwardite

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Ba Bi C Ca Cd Cl Cr Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Si V Zn

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: As Ca Cu Fe H K Mg Mn O Pb S Sb Zn

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Adelite Alunite Apatite Aragonite Arsenopyrite Artinite Atacamite Baryte Bismutite Bournonite
Brochantite Brucite Calcite Caledonite Chalcanthite Chalcopyrite Claringbullite Clay Connellite Copiapite
Coronadite Corundum Covellite Descloizite Devilline Diaspore Epsomite Fluorite Fornacite Gypsum
Hexahydrite Hydrotalcite Kaolinite Kieserite Ktenasite Lepidocrocite Linarite Malachite Marcasite Matlockite
Melanterite Mixite Natrochalcite None Not in a structural group Perovskite Pyrite Pyrochlore Quartz Rocksalt
Spangolite Sphalerite Starkeyite Sulphur Tetrahedrite Woodwardite

118 IMA Minerals at location:

Anglesite ()*	Ankerite ()*	Antlerite ()*	Aragonite ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*
Artinite ()*	Atacamite ()*	Aurichalcite ()*	Azurite ()*	Baryte ()*
Beaverite-(Cu) ()*	Beudantite ()*	Bianchite ()*	Bindheimite ()*	Bismoclite ()*
Bismutite ()*	Bobkingite ()*	Boleite ()*	Botallackite ()*	Bournonite ()*
Boyleite ()*	Brianyoungite ()*	Brochantite ()*	Brucite ()*	Calcite ()*
Caledonite ()*	Cerussite ()*	Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*
Chlorargyrite ()*	Christelite ()*	Claringbullite ()*	Conichalcite ()*	Connellite ()*
Coronadite ()*	Covellite ()*	Creedite ()*	Cumengeite ()*	Cuprite ()*
Descloizite ()*	Diaboleite ()*	Dolomite ()*	Duftite ()*	Dypingite ()*
Edwardsite ()*	Epsomite ()*	Ferrinatrite ()*	Fibroferrite ()*	Fluorite ()*
Fornacite ()*	Galena ()*	Gibbsite ()*	Glaucocerinite ()*	Goethite ()*
Gordaite ()*	Gypsum ()*	Hematite ()*	Hemimorphite ()*	Herbertsmithite ()*
Hexahydrite ()*	Huntite ()*	Hydrocerussite ()*	Halloysite-10Å ()*	Hydromagnesite ()*
Hydrotalcite ()*	Hydrozincite ()*	Jarosite ()*	Kapellasite ()*	Kieserite ()*
Ktenasite ()*	Langite ()*	Lansfordite ()*	Lazaridisite ()*	Lepidocrocite ()*
Linarite ()*	Lukrahnite ()*	Magnesiocopiapite ()*	Malachite ()*	Marcasite ()*
Meixnerite ()*	Melanterite ()*	Metasideronatrite ()*	Mimetite ()*	Mixite ()*
Morenosite ()*	Nakauriite ()*	Natrojarosite ()*	Nesquehonite ()*	Nickelhexahydrite ()*
Niedermayrite ()*	Orthoserpierite ()*	Gersdorffite-Pa3 ()*	Paralaurionite ()*	Paratacamite ()*
Penfieldite ()*	Plumbojarosite ()*	Pseudoboleite ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyromorphite ()*
Quartz ()*	Rosasite ()*	Schulenbergite ()*	Scorodite ()*	Segnitite ()*
Serpierite ()*	Siderite ()*	Sideronatrite ()*	Smithsonite ()*	Spangolite ()*
Sphalerite ()*	Starkeyite ()*	Sulphur ()*	Takovite ()*	Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*
Tsumcorite ()*	Voudourisite ()*	Zálesíite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Anglesite ()*	Baryte	Pb(SO₄)	20.2	3.6	1	63995	2734
Ankerite ()*	None	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂	20.2	3.6	1	63995	3092
Antlerite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu²⁺₃(SO₄)(OH)₄	20.2	3.6	1	63995	246
Aragonite ()*	Aragonite	Ca(CO₃)	20.2	3.6	2	63993,63995	3250
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	20.2	3.6	1	63995	9052
Artinite ()*	Artinite	Mg₂(CO₃)(OH)₂·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	75
Atacamite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₂Cl(OH)₃	20.2	3.6	1	63995	544
Aurichalcite ()*	None	(Zn,Cu)₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	1	63995	919
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	20.2	3.6	2	63992,63995	5509
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	20.2	3.6	2	63994,63995	11547
Beaverite-(Cu) ()*	Alunite	Pb(Fe³⁺₂Cu)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	1	63995	132
Beudantite ()*	Alunite	PbFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	0		413
Bianchite ()*	Hexahydrite	Zn(SO₄)·6H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	40
Bindheimite ()*	Pyrochlore	Pb₂Sb⁵⁺₂O₇	20.2	3.6	1	63995	450
Bismoclite ()*	Matlockite	BiOCl	20.2	3.6	1	63995	71
Bismutite ()*	Bismutite	Bi₂O₂(CO₃)	20.2	3.6	1	63995	716
Bobkingite ()*	None	Cu₅Cl₂(OH)₈·2H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	3
Boleite ()*	None	KAg₉Pb₂₆Cu₂₄Cl₆₂(OH)₄₈	20.2	3.6	1	63995	65
Botallackite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₂Cl(OH)₃	20.2	3.6	1	63995	49
Bournonite ()*	Bournonite	CuPbSbS₃	20.2	3.6	0		1089
Boyleite ()*	Starkeyite	Zn(SO₄)·4H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	23
Brianyoungite ()*	None	Zn₃(CO₃)(OH)₄	20.2	3.6	1	63995	79
Brochantite ()*	Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	1	63995	1633
Brucite ()*	Brucite	Mg(OH)₂	20.2	3.6	1	63995	462
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	20.2	3.6	2	63993,63995	27770
Caledonite ()*	Caledonite	Cu₂Pb₅(SO₄)₃(CO₃)(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	1	63995	359
Cerussite ()*	Aragonite	Pb(CO₃)	20.2	3.6	1	63995	4979
Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcanthite	Cu(SO₄)·5H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	925
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	20.2	3.6	1	63995	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	20.2	3.6	1	63995	27198
Chlorargyrite ()*	Rocksalt	AgCl	20.2	3.6	1	63995	1382
Christelite ()*	Ktenasite	Zn₃Cu₂(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·4H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	5
Claringbullite ()*	Claringbullite	Cu²⁺₄FCl(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	1	63995	13
Conichalcite ()*	Adelite	CaCu(AsO₄)(OH)	20.2	3.6	1	63995	363
Connellite ()*	Connellite	Cu₃₆(SO₄)(OH)₆₂Cl₈·6H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	295
Coronadite ()*	Coronadite	Pb(Mn⁴⁺₆Mn³⁺₂)O₁₆	20.2	3.6	0		227
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	20.2	3.6	1	63995	4165
Creedite ()*	None	Ca₃Al₂(SO₄)(OH)₂F₈·2H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	48
Cumengeite ()*	None	Pb₂₁Cu₂₀Cl₄₂(OH)₄₀·6H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	43
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	2970
Descloizite ()*	Descloizite	PbZn(VO₄)(OH)	20.2	3.6	2	63992,63995	378
Diaboleite ()*	Perovskite	CuPb₂Cl₂(OH)₄	20.2	3.6	1	63995	57
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	20.2	3.6	1	63995	9895
Duftite ()*	Adelite	PbCu(AsO₄)(OH)	20.2	3.6	1	63995	220
Dypingite ()*	None	Mg₅(CO₃)₄(OH)₂·5H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	50
Edwardsite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃Cd₂(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·4H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	5
Epsomite ()*	Epsomite	Mg(SO₄)·7H₂O	20.2	3.6	0		484
Ferrinatrite ()*	None	Na₃Fe³⁺(SO₄)₃·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	25
Fibroferrite ()*	Not in a structural group	Fe³⁺(SO₄)(OH)·5H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63994	107
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂	20.2	3.6	2	63994,63995	9617
Fornacite ()*	Fornacite	CuPb₂(CrO₄)(AsO₄)(OH)	20.2	3.6	2	63992,63995	85
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	20.2	3.6	1	63995	24243
Gibbsite ()*	None	Al(OH)₃	20.2	3.6	1	63995	504
Glaucocerinite ()*	Woodwardite Hydrotalcite	(Zn_1-xAl_x)(SO₄)_x/2(OH)₂·nH₂O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)	20.2	3.6	1	63995	20
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	20.2	3.6	1	63995	7437
Gordaite ()*	Ktenasite	NaZn₄(SO₄)(OH)₆Cl·6H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	17
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	20.2	3.6	2	63994,63995	6890
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	20.2	3.6	1	63995	14640
Hemimorphite ()*	Not in a structural group	Zn₄(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂·H₂O	20.2	3.6	2	63992,63995	1689
Herbertsmithite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₃Zn(OH)₆Cl₂	20.2	3.6	1	63995	21
Hexahydrite ()*	Hexahydrite	Mg(SO₄)·6H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	251
Huntite ()*	Not in a structural group	CaMg₃(CO₃)₄	20.2	3.6	1	63995	69
Hydrocerussite ()*	None	Pb₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	20.2	3.6	1	63995	201
Halloysite-10Å ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·2H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	62
Hydromagnesite ()*	None	Mg₅(CO₃)₄(OH)₂·4H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	341
Hydrotalcite ()*	Hydrotalcite	Mg₆Al₂CO₃(OH)₁₆(H₂O)₄	20.2	3.6	1	63995	87
Hydrozincite ()*	None	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	1	63995	1066
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	0		2228
Kapellasite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₃Zn(OH)₆Cl₂	20.2	3.6	1	63995	2
Kieserite ()*	Kieserite	Mg(SO₄)·H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	80
Ktenasite ()*	Ktenasite Devilline	ZnCu₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·6H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	75
Langite ()*	None	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆·2H₂O	20.2	3.6	0		593
Lansfordite ()*	None	Mg(CO₃)·5H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	17
Lazaridisite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cd₃(SO₄)₃·8H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	2
Lepidocrocite ()*	Lepidocrocite	Fe³⁺O(OH)	20.2	3.6	1	63995	581
Linarite ()*	Linarite	CuPb(SO₄)(OH)₂	20.2	3.6	1	63995	987
Lukrahnite ()*	None	CaCuFe³⁺(AsO₄)₂(OH,H₂O)₂	20.2	3.6	1	63995	4
Magnesiocopiapite ()*	Copiapite	MgFe³⁺₄(SO₄)₆(OH)₂·20H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63994	54
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	20.2	3.6	2	63992,63995	12537
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂	20.2	3.6	1	63995	5674
Meixnerite ()*	Hydrotalcite	Mg₆Al₂(OH)₁₆(OH)₂·4H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	5
Melanterite ()*	Melanterite	Fe(SO₄)·7H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63994	915
Metasideronatrite ()*	None	Na₂Fe³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)·H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	28
Mimetite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl	20.2	3.6	2	63992,63995	1107
Mixite ()*	Mixite	Cu₆Bi(AsO₄)₃(OH)₆·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	168
Morenosite ()*	Epsomite	Ni(SO₄)·7H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	84
Nakauriite ()*	None	Cu₈(SO₄)₄(CO₃)(OH)₆·48H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	12
Natrojarosite ()*	Alunite	NaFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	1	63995	254
Nesquehonite ()*	None	Mg(CO₃)·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	80
Nickelhexahydrite ()*	Hexahydrite	Ni(SO₄)·6H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	37
Niedermayrite ()*	None	Cu₄Cd(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·4H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	8
Orthoserpierite ()*	None	CaCu₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	40
Gersdorffite-Pa3 ()*	Pyrite	NiAsS	20.2	3.6	1	63995	767
Paralaurionite ()*	None	PbCl(OH)	20.2	3.6	1	63995	46
Paratacamite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₃(Cu,Zn)Cl₂(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	1	63995	158
Penfieldite ()*	None	Pb₂Cl₃(OH)	20.2	3.6	1	63995	22
Plumbojarosite ()*	Alunite	Pb_0.5Fe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	1	63995	477
Pseudoboleite ()*	None	Pb₃₁Cu₂₄Cl₆₂(OH)₄₈	20.2	3.6	1	63995	33
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	20.2	3.6	1	63995	39462
Pyromorphite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl	20.2	3.6	1	63995	1725
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	20.2	3.6	1	63995	61156
Rosasite ()*	Malachite	CuZn(CO₃)(OH)₂	20.2	3.6	1	63992	454
Schulenbergite ()*	Ktenasite	(Cu,Zn)₇(SO₄)₂(OH)₁₀·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	0		142
Scorodite ()*	None	Fe³⁺(AsO₄)·2H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	1153
Segnitite ()*	Alunite	PbFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	20.2	3.6	1	63995	134
Serpierite ()*	Devilline	Ca(Cu,Zn)₄(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	292
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)	20.2	3.6	1	63995	6417
Sideronatrite ()*	None	Na₂Fe³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	73
Smithsonite ()*	Calcite	Zn(CO₃)	20.2	3.6	2	63992,63995	2473
Spangolite ()*	Spangolite	Cu₆Al(SO₄)(OH)₁₂Cl·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	105
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	20.2	3.6	1	63995	21482
Starkeyite ()*	Starkeyite	Mg(SO₄)·4H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	79
Sulphur ()*	Sulphur	S	20.2	3.6	1	63995	2045
Takovite ()*	Hydrotalcite	Ni₆Al₂(CO₃)(OH)₁₆·4H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	18
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃	20.2	3.6	1	63995	5317
Tsumcorite ()*	Natrochalcite	PbZn₂(AsO₄)₂·2H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	29
Voudourisite ()*	Kieserite	Cd(SO₄)·H₂O	20.2	3.6	1	63995	3
Zálesíite ()*	Mixite	CaCu₆(AsO₄)₂(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆·3H₂O	20.2	3.6	0		84

2 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	Kristen002526	20.2	3.6	11.9±8.3		age of ore formation					Yes			Pb, Zn, Ag	14187	Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece	Lavrion	Liati et al. (2009)	10.1017/S0016756809006438	GM146_732
	sedznpb-00212	10	7	10–7							Yes				1942	Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece	Laurium	Singer et al. (2009)		USGSOFR2009-1252

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R140623	Sounion Mine No. 19 ("Chloridstollen"), Sounion Mines, Sounion Area, Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece	https://rruff.info/R140623

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...