Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Chester Co., Pennsylvania, USA

Oldest recorded age at locality: 510
Youngest recorded age at locality: 470

mindat Locality ID: 14692
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-14692.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Chester Co., Pennsylvania, USA": 107
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 64

Number of Child Localities: 24
Child Localities:
Birmingham Township
East Bradford Township
East Caln Township
East Goshen Township
East Marlboro Township
East Whiteland Township
Elk Township
Kennett Township
London Britain Township
Malvern Borough
Newlin Township
Pennsbury Township
Pocopson Township
Sadsbury Township
Schuylkill Township
State Line Chromite District
Valley Township
Wallace Township
Warwick Township
West Bradford Township
West Marlboro Township
West Nottingham Township
West Pikeland Township
Westtown Township

Latitude: 39°55'59"N
Longitude: 75°43'1"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 39.933055555556,-75.716944444444
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As B Ba Be Bi C Ca Ce Cl Co Cr Cu F Fe H Ir K Mg Mn Mo Na Ni O Os P Pb Pd Pt Rh Ru S Sb Si Sr Te Ti U V Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAluniteAmorphousAmphiboleAncyliteApatiteApophylliteAragoniteAxiniteBaryte
BerylBrochantiteBrookiteBruciteCalciteChalcanthiteChalcopyriteChloriteClayClinozoisite
CobaltiteCopperCorundumCovelliteDescloiziteDiasporeDumortieriteEpidoteFeldsparFluorite
GadoliniteGarnetGypsumHumiteIronKaoliniteLöllingiteLepidocrociteLinariteMalachite
MeloniteMicaMilleriteMolybdeniteNatroliteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupOlivineOxalate
PalygorskitePentlanditePhosphuranylitePotaritePrehnitePyritePyroxeneQuartzRocksaltRutile
ScapoliteScheeliteSepioliteSerpentineSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelStibniteStilbiteStillwaterite
StilpnomelaneSulphurTalcTetradymiteThomsoniteTitaniteTourmalineTurquoiseUllmanniteVesuvianite
VivianiteWavelliteZircon

163 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Albite  (*)Ancylite-(Ce)  (*)Andradite  (*)Anglesite  (*)
Ankerite  (*)Anthophyllite  (*)Antigorite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Arsenopalladinite  (*)
Augite  (*)Aurichalcite  (*)Axinite-(Fe)  (*)Axinite-(Mn)  (*)Azurite  (*)
Baryte  (*)Beryl  (*)Bornite  (*)Braggite  (*)Brochantite  (*)
Brookite  (*)Brucite  (*)Calcioancylite-(Ce)  (*)Calcite  (*)Cerussite  (*)
Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chondrodite  (*)Chromite  (*)
Chrysocolla  (*)Chrysotile  (*)Clinochlore  (*)Clinozoisite  (*)Cobaltite  (*)
Copper  (*)Corundum  (*)Covellite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Datolite  (*)
Descloizite  (*)Diaspore  (*)Diopside  (*)Dolomite  (*)Dravite  (*)
Dumortierite  (*)Enstatite  (*)Epidote  (*)Erlichmanite  (*)Erythrite  (*)
Ferronickelplatinum  (*)Fluorapophyllite-(K)  (*)Fluorite  (*)Forsterite  (*)Galena  (*)
Gibbsite  (*)Godlevskite  (*)Goethite  (*)Graphite  (*)Grossular  (*)
Gypsum  (*)Heazlewoodite  (*)Hematite  (*)Hemimorphite  (*)Hollingworthite  (*)
Hydromagnesite  (*)Hydrozincite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Irarsite  (*)Iridium  (*)
Iron  (*)Jarosite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Kotulskite  (*)Kyanite  (*)
Laumontite  (*)Laurite  (*)Leadhillite  (*)Lepidocrocite  (*)Linarite  (*)
Magnesite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Majakite  (*)Malachite  (*)Malanite  (*)
Margarite  (*)Marialite  (*)Matulaite  (*)Maucherite  (*)Melonite  (*)
Mendipite  (*)Menshikovite  (*)Mesolite  (*)Microcline  (*)Millerite  (*)
Mimetite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)Mottramite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Naldrettite  (*)
Natrolite  (*)Nickeline  (*)Omeiite  (*)Orthoclase  (*)Palladoarsenide  (*)
Palygorskite  (*)Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)Paragonite  (*)Phlogopite  (*)Phosphuranylite  (*)
Pigeonite  (*)Planerite  (*)Platinum  (*)Polydymite  (*)Prehnite  (*)
Pseudomalachite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)
Quartz  (*)Rhodochrosite  (*)Riebeckite  (*)Ruarsite  (*)Rutile  (*)
Schorl  (*)Sepiolite  (*)Shandite  (*)Siderite  (*)Sillimanite  (*)
Silver  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Sobolevskite  (*)Sperrylite  (*)Spessartine  (*)
Sphalerite  (*)Stibiopalladinite  (*)Stibnite  (*)Stilbite-Ca  (*)Stilpnomelane  (*)
Sudburyite  (*)Sulphur  (*)Talc  (*)Tellurobismuthite  (*)Telluropalladinite  (*)
Tetraferroplatinum  (*)Thomsonite-Ca  (*)Titanite  (*)Tremolite  (*)Tulameenite  (*)
Ungavaite  (*)Vanadinite  (*)Vermiculite  (*)Vesuvianite  (*)Vincentite  (*)
Vysotskite  (*)Wavellite  (*)Wheatleyite  (*)Wulfenite  (*)Wüstite  (*)
Zaratite  (*)Zircon  (*)Zoisite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)24262664,262741,262746,2627623419
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)5262669,262697,262728,262741,2627628803
Ancylite-(Ce)  (*)AncyliteCeSr(CO3)2(OH)·H2O126274192
Andradite  (*)GarnetCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)33262746,262752,2627531534
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)5262710,262711,262714,262716,2627222734
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)22262673,2627463092
Anthophyllite  (*)Amphibole   Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)22262727,262746718
Antigorite  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)41262697708
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)5262690,262710,262722,262746,2627683250
Arsenopalladinite  (*)StillwateritePd8As3510470126272631
Augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O612627462060
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)61262722919
Axinite-(Fe)  (*)AxiniteCa4Fe2+2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)21262741260
Axinite-(Mn)  (*)AxiniteCa4Mn2+2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2126274088
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)24262710,262711,262722,2627465509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)4262709,262710,262711,26272211547
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O186262685,262694,262736,262738,262762,2627684286
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS45104704262710,262726,262746,2627535516
Braggite  (*)NonePdPt3S45104701262726101
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)62262710,2627221633
Brookite  (*)BrookiteTiO21262709700
Brucite  (*)BruciteMg(OH)21262768462
Calcioancylite-(Ce)  (*)Ancylite(Ce,Ca,Sr)(CO3)(OH,H2O)126274146
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)15262673,262695,262701,262709,262710,262711,262716,262722,262741,262746,262748,262749,262752,262753,26275827770
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)7262710,262711,262713,262714,262715,262721,2627224979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O1262710925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S12627105707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS214262709,262710,262711,262713,262714,262716,262721,262722,262741,262746,262748,262749,262752,26275327198
Chondrodite  (*)HumiteMg5(SiO4)2F21262700285
Chromite  (*)SpinelFe2+Cr2O45104704262697,262725,262732,2627333902
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O2262711,2627463531
Chrysotile  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)42262748,262749951
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)85104704262697,262733,262762,2627681756
Clinozoisite  (*)Clinozoisite EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)12627411025
Cobaltite  (*)CobaltiteCoAsS1262746966
Copper  (*)CopperCu4262710,262711,262722,2627463846
Corundum  (*)CorundumAl2O312626971797
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS3262710,262722,2627464165
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O2262710,2627222970
Datolite  (*)GadoliniteCaB(SiO4)(OH)1262746498
Descloizite  (*)DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)2262711,262722378
Diaspore  (*)DiasporeAlO(OH)1262697481
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O62262699,2627464135
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)28262668,262673,262708,262709,262710,262716,262722,2627559895
Dravite  (*)TourmalineNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)1262741648
Dumortierite  (*)DumortieriteAlAl6BSi3O181262736231
Enstatite  (*)PyroxeneMg2Si2O61262710944
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)5262736,262746,262752,262753,2627578173
Erlichmanite  (*)PyriteOsS25104701262726110
Erythrite  (*)VivianiteCo3(AsO4)2·8H2O5262710,262722,262746,262748,262749814
Ferronickelplatinum  (*)PotaritePt2FeNi510470126272613
Fluorapophyllite-(K)  (*)ApophylliteKCa4Si8O20F·8H2O2262748,262749303
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF25262695,262710,262711,262722,2627469617
Forsterite  (*)OlivineMg2(SiO4)2262746,2627681188
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS5104708262710,262711,262714,262716,262721,262722,262726,26274124243
Gibbsite  (*)NoneAl(OH)31262680504
Godlevskite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S8510470126272640
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)7262680,262683,262710,262711,262725,262741,2627657437
Graphite  (*)NoneC2262746,2627652812
Grossular  (*)GarnetCa3Al2(SiO4)32262746,2627521544
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O2262741,2627466890
Heazlewoodite  (*)NoneNi3S25104701262726205
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O310262680,262681,262710,262711,262716,262722,262746,262748,262749,26275214640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O3262710,262711,2627221689
Hollingworthite  (*)UllmanniteRhAsS5104701262726119
Hydromagnesite  (*)NoneMg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O1262768341
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)62262710,2627221066
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O32262746,2627685433
Irarsite  (*)PyriteIrAsS5104701262726154
Iridium  (*)CopperIr5104701262726162
Iron  (*)IronFe51047012627261089
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)612627462228
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)44262687,262690,262725,2627365591
Kotulskite  (*)NickelinePd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4)5104701262726116
Kyanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2OSiO44262663,262668,262669,2627601507
Laumontite  (*)Not in a structural groupCaAl2Si4O12·4H2O12627461271
Laurite  (*)PyriteRuS25104701262726226
Leadhillite  (*)NonePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)21262722265
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)1262692581
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)21262710987
Magnesite  (*)CalciteMg(CO3)5104702262728,2627331487
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O48262697,262702,262746,262748,262749,262752,262753,26276814899
Majakite  (*)NonePdNiAs510470126272622
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)25262710,262711,262722,262746,26275212537
Malanite  (*)SpinelCu1+(Ir3+Pt4+)S4510470126272635
Margarite  (*)Mica ClayCaAl2Si2Al2O10(OH)21262697168
Marialite  (*)ScapoliteNa4Al3Si9O24Cl7262669,262675,262687,262745,262746,262757,262758139
Matulaite  (*)NoneFe3+Al7(PO4)4(PO3OH)2(OH)8(H2O)8·8H2O126268010
Maucherite  (*)NoneNi11As85104701262726161
Melonite  (*)MeloniteNiTe25104701262726207
Mendipite  (*)NonePb3O2Cl2126271017
Menshikovite  (*)NonePd3Ni2As3510470126272615
Mesolite  (*)NatroliteNa2Ca2(Si9Al6)O30·8H2O1262746425
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)4262710,262736,262746,2627554924
Millerite  (*)MilleriteNiS51047012627261066
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl3262710,262711,2627221107
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS22262746,2627625800
Mottramite  (*)DescloizitePbCu(VO4)(OH)1262710362
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)212262669,262672,262685,262690,262693,262694,262697,262702,262725,262736,262755,26276217380
Naldrettite  (*)NonePd2Sb510470126272611
Natrolite  (*)NatroliteNa2(Si3Al2)O10·2H2O12627461236
Nickeline  (*)NickelineNiAs5104701262726633
Omeiite  (*)LöllingiteOsAs251047012627267
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)9262664,262685,262690,262701,262702,262710,262746,262752,2627532349
Palladoarsenide  (*)NonePd2As510470126272637
Palygorskite  (*)Palygorskite Clay(Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4H2O1262710306
Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)PyriteNiAsS1262710767
Paragonite  (*)Mica ClayNaAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)21262697247
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)22262687,2626902273
Phosphuranylite  (*)PhosphuranyliteKCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4·8H2O1262738182
Pigeonite  (*)Pyroxene(Mg,Fe,Ca)2Si2O61262746303
Planerite  (*)TurquoiseAl6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8·4H2O126268043
Platinum  (*)CopperPt5104701262726485
Polydymite  (*)SpinelNi2+Ni3+2S45104701262726131
Prehnite  (*)PrehniteCa2Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)212627411898
Pseudomalachite  (*)NoneCu5(PO4)2(OH)42262710,262722369
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS215262683,262708,262709,262710,262711,262716,262741,262746,262748,262749,262752,262753,262757,262758,26276539462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO212626643106
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl9262710,262711,262713,262714,262715,262716,262720,262721,2627221725
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S82262741,2627469056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO251047031262664,262666,262672,262683,262693,262695,262697,262701,262704,262708,262709,262710,262711,262713,262714,262715,262720,262721,262722,262725,262733,262736,262738,262740,262741,262746,262752,262755,262758,262765,26276861156
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)3262746,262748,2627491711
Riebeckite  (*)Amphibole   Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)21262746375
Ruarsite  (*)NoneRuAsS510470126272625
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO210262666,262675,262678,262690,262695,262704,262706,262755,262757,2627585614
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)10262664,262672,262685,262695,262725,262736,262741,262746,262762,2627682705
Sepiolite  (*)Sepiolite ClayMg4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O1262728241
Shandite  (*)NoneNi3Pb2S2510470126272614
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)4262746,262748,262749,2627586417
Sillimanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2SiO512626901516
Silver  (*)CopperAg2262710,2627225186
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)2262710,2627162473
Sobolevskite  (*)NickelinePdBi510470126272644
Sperrylite  (*)PyritePtAs25104701262726337
Spessartine  (*)GarnetMn2+3Al2(SiO4)312626641214
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS11262673,262708,262709,262710,262711,262713,262714,262721,262722,262746,26275221482
Stibiopalladinite  (*)NonePd5Sb2510470126272675
Stibnite  (*)StibniteSb2S312627463418
Stilbite-Ca  (*)StilbiteNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72·28H2O1262746268
Stilpnomelane  (*)Stilpnomelane Clay(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36·nH2O2262746,262752456
Sudburyite  (*)NickelinePdSb510470126272646
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS2262710,2627222045
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)25104705262668,262733,262746,262762,2627683337
Tellurobismuthite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Te35104701262726276
Telluropalladinite  (*)NonePd9Te4510470126272615
Tetraferroplatinum  (*)PotaritePtFe510470126272666
Thomsonite-Ca  (*)ThomsoniteNaCa2(Al5Si5)O20·6H2O1262746452
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O4262664,262690,262741,2627464899
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)210262678,262687,262690,262701,262741,262746,262757,262758,262760,2627682562
Tulameenite  (*)PotaritePt2CuFe510470126272648
Ungavaite  (*)NonePd4Sb351047012627263
Vanadinite  (*)ApatitePb5(VO4)3Cl1262722605
Vermiculite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·8H2O3262694,262762,262768652
Vesuvianite  (*)Vesuvianite(Ca,Na)19(Al,Mg,Fe)13(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(OH,F,O)102262675,2627581395
Vincentite  (*)NonePd3As510470126272617
Vysotskite  (*)NonePdS510470126272653
Wavellite  (*)WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O1262680374
Wheatleyite  (*)OxalateNa2Cu(C2O4)2·2H2O002262710,2627221
Wulfenite  (*)ScheelitePbMoO47262710,262711,262713,262714,262720,262721,2627221655
Wüstite  (*)RocksaltFeO510470126272674
Zaratite  (*)AmorphousNi3(CO3)(OH)4·4H2O126273256
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)4262675,262685,262746,2627655251
Zoisite  (*)EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)2262746,2627621025


2 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
podchrome-00491510470Lower Ordovician (490±20 Ma)       Cr237756Hillside Chromite Mine, West Nottingham Township, State Line Chromite District, Chester Co., Pennsylvania, USAHillsideMoiser et al. (2012) USGSSIR2012_5157 
podchrome-00492510470Lower Ordovician (490±20 Ma)       Cr21615Scott Mine, Nottingham, West Nottingham Township, State Line Chromite District, Chester Co., Pennsylvania, USAScottMoiser et al. (2012) USGSSIR2012_5157 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R040061Chester Co., Pennsylvania, USAhttps://rruff.info/R040061
R050454Malvern, Malvern Borough, Chester Co., Pennsylvania, USAhttps://rruff.info/R050454
R040144Brinton's Quarry, West Chester, Westtown Township, Chester Co., Pennsylvania, USAhttps://rruff.info/R040144

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